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Former Protestants or ex-Protestants are people who used to be Protestant for some time, but no longer identify as such. This is a list of people who were, but no longer are, followers of Protestant churches. It is organized by what church they left; when applicable, the religion they joined is mentioned. As implied it is limited to those who left Protestantism for a non-Protestant faith and so does not include those who switched from one Protestant denomination to another.

Baptists

William Marrion Branham – former Baptist minister, became a Pentecostal, but later became a non-denominational Christian Evangelist and preacher.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Julie Galambush – former American Baptist Minister, she converted to Judaism.^[4]
Ahuva Gray – former Baptist minister, who converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[5]^[6]
Keith Ham (a.k.a. Swami Kirtanananda; 1937–) – son of a fundamentalist Baptist pastor, Ham met ISKCON founding guru A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada in New York City in 1966. After Prabhupada's death, Ham assumed leadership of ISKCON, claiming to be the sole successor to Prabhupada. He was later expelled after various criminal charges were brought against him.^[7]
Carolivia Herron – author, convert to Judaism.^[8]
Belinda Carlisle – lead singer of the Go-Go's, raised as Southern Baptist and converted to Buddhism.^[9]
H. P. Lovecraft – fantasy-horror writer who rejected the practice as a teenager, and became an atheist.^{[citation needed]}
Gene Roddenberry – television producer and creator of Star Trek. Raised Southern Baptist, denounced his former faith and became a secular humanist.^{[citation needed]}
Thomas Roper – ex-Baptist minister, he converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[10]
Andre Tippett – NFL player, who converted to Judaism.^[11]
Iswar Sharan – author, converted to Hinduism^[12]

Calvinists

Wojciech Bobowski, born and raised as a Protestant Calvinist possibly in Bobowa, a city within the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (although some sources cite him as being from Lviv, itself also part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth at the time of his birth), was captured as a young adult by slavers and sold into slavery in the Ottoman Empire. Whilst in captivity, Bobowski converted to Sunni Islam, but still continued to engage in ecumenical activities, such as translating the complete Bible, fourteen psalms from the Genevan Psalter, the Anglican Catechism, and the works of the Protestant Reformers Hugo Grotius and John Amos Comenius all into Ottoman Turkish.^{[citation needed]}
Adam Neuser, a Calvinist pastor originally from Gunzenhausen in the Duchy of Bavaria, itself a part of the Holy Roman Empire. He gained notoriety as the presiding priest of the Protestant congregation of the Church of the Holy Spirit in Heidelberg, the Palatinate (also within the Holy Roman Empire). As a consequence of a time of transition within the Calvinist Church in the late 1560s, Neuser joined a faction within the Church known as the Antidisciplinists, led by the Swiss physician and theologian, Thomas Lüber (Erastus). As a part of the Antidisciplinists, Neuser began to doubt standard Calvinist theology, especially the concept of the Trinity. He became an apologetic of Antitrinitarianism, writing a series of letters criticising the doctrine of the Trinity. Neuser even went so far as to write to the Ottoman Sultan Selim II where he maintained that should the Ottomans ever push their empire as far northwest as Germany, he would find support from its inhabitants, persecuted by the hyper-Catholic Habsburgs. The Palatinate Court found him guilty of blasphemy by denying the Divinity of Christ, and he was subsequently imprisoned. However, Neuser not only managed to escape with the help of his friend and fellow theologian Simon Grynaeus, but he was also able to make his way to the Ottoman Empire. After arriving in Constantinople, Neuser recited the Shahada and thus converted to Sunni Islam. Neuser eventually became a government official of the Ottoman Empire at the behest of the Sultan.^{[citation needed]}
Matthias Vehe, a contemporary of Adam Neuser and also an Antidisciplinist. He converted to a kind of Judaism called after also becoming an Antitrinitarian like Neuser.^{[citation needed]}
Claude Dalenberg, raised in Dutch Reformed Church community, met Shunryū Suzuki and converted to Buddhism, eventually becoming a senior priest at the San Francisco Zen Center.^[13]

Evangelicals

William G. Dever, Biblical archaeologist and former Evangelical minister who became a world-renowned Old Testament scholar and converted to Reform Judaism, although he says he no longer believes in God.^[14]
Peter E. Gillquist, former regional director for Campus Crusade for Christ, converted to Eastern Orthodoxy. The initial impulse was his attempt to re-establish primitive Christianity, a faith formation which would go back to the very beginnings of the church. Researching the historical foundation of the faith, Gillquist with his colleagues concluded that Eastern Orthodox Church is that very unchanged, historical Christian formation they had sought. He organized the Evangelical Orthodox Church (EOC) in 1979, and in 1987 Gillquist led seventeen parishes with 2,000 members into Eastern Orthodoxy.^[15]
Gavriel Aryeh Sanders, former Catholic priest and then former Evangelical minister, converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[16]
Alfred Bloom, a professor of Religion and was raised as Evangelical Christian, was promoting Evangelical Christianity when encountered the concept of Amida Buddha and eventually converted to Buddhism. He was also a pioneer of Jōdo Shinshū studies in the English-speaking world.^[17]

Lutherans

Louis Bouyer – Lutheran pastor who converted to Catholicism.^[18]
Ole Brunell – Lutheran pastor who converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[19]^[20]^[21]
Christina of Sweden – Swedish queen-regent who converted to Catholicism.^[22]
St. Elizabeth the New Martyr - Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, later Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia, converted to Orthodox Christianity from her native Lutheranism. Following the assassination of her husband in 1905, Elizabeth took monastic vows, opened the Convent of Saints Martha and Mary, and became its abbess. In 1918, Elizabeth was murdered by the Cheka Soviet secret police during the Russian Revolution. She was canonised by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia in 1981 and in 1992 by the Moscow Patriarchate as New Martyr Elizabeth Feodorovna. ^[23]
John Hove – Lutheran pastor who converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[24]^[25]^[26]
Richard John Neuhaus – Lutheran pastor who converted to Catholicism.^[27]
Jaroslav Pelikan – Lutheran historian who deemed his conversion to the Orthodox Church in America to be a "return."^[28]
Arnold Schoenberg – Austrian and later American composer, associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art, and leader of the Second Viennese School. Born as a Jew he converted to Lutheranism for mainly cultural reasons only to later re-embrace Judaism.^{[citation needed]}
Johann Peter Spaeth – raised Roman Catholic, later converted to Lutheranism, and became a Lutheran theologian, he later left Christianity entirely and embraced Judaism.^{[citation needed]}
Ola Tjørhom – Norwegian theologian, converted to Catholicism.^[29]
Sigrid Undset – convert to Catholicism.^[8]
Wilhelm Volk – convert to Catholicism.^[30]
Ajahn Viradhammo (Vitauts Akers) – convert to Buddhism and senior western disciple of Ajahn Chah, also the founder & abbot of Tisarana Buddhist Monastery.^[31]

Methodists

Sam Brownback – converted to Catholicism^[32]
Richard Gere – American actor and producer, converted to Buddhism and co-founder of Tibet House US^[33]
Kate Capshaw – converted to Judaism^[34]
Isla Fisher – Australian actress and author, convert to Judaism^{[citation needed]}
Capers Funnye – converted to Judaism; he is the first African-American member of the Chicago Board of Rabbis, serves on the boards of the Jewish Council on Urban Affairs and the American Jewish Congress of the Midwest, and is active in the Institute for Jewish and Community Research; he is also the cousin of Michelle Obama^{[citation needed]}
John P. Greene – Methodist minister who joined the Latter Day Saint movement and became a Council of Fifty member.^[35]
Julius Lester – son of a Methodist minister, and famous author who converted to Judaism.^[8]
Arnold Lunn – son of minister Henry Simpson Lunn, who converted to Catholicism after initial opposition to that religion.^[36]
Margaret Noble (1867–1911) – daughter of a minister of the Wesleyan Church in North Ireland (a branch of Methodism), she was a fervent Christian as a child, desiring to become a missionary to India. In 1895, Noble met Swami Vivekananda in London, converted to his version of Hinduism and was renamed "Sister Nivedita." Moved to India where she worked for nationalist causes and wrote several books, most notably, Kali The Mother.^[37]
Carlos Samuel Salas – former Methodist minister, he converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[38]
Asher Wade – ex-Methodist pastor; he converted in 1978 to Orthodox Judaism after studying the history of the holocaust.^[39]
Earl Williams – American basketball player; converted to Judaism^{[citation needed]}

Pentecostals

Benjamin Klugger – former Pentecostal missionary, now Orthodox Jew and head of counter-missionary organization^[40]
Ari Montanari – former Foursquare Church pastor, founder of the Foursquare Rabbis Caucus messianic Pentecostal missionary entity, former United States Air Force Christian chaplain captain, now Orthodox Jew, Lubavitcher and rabbi at the counter-missionary organization, Lions Den Beit Hamidrash^[41]
Yaakov Ephraim Parisi – former Pentecostal minister converted to Judaism^[42]^[43]
Duane Pederson – leader in the Jesus movement who joined an Eastern Orthodox Church.^[44]^[45]
Gavriel Sanders – former Pentecostal minister and missionary who tried to convert Jews to Christianity, converted to Orthodox Judaism.^[46]
Sheldon Christopher Smith – former Pentecostal Pastor converted to Orthodox Judaism in 1987.^[47]
Yahweh ben Yahweh – founder of the Nation of Yahweh.^[48]

Presbyterians

A. George Baker – American Presbyterian, and later Episcopalian, minister who converted to Islam
Scott Hahn – former minister who became a Catholic apologist.^[49]
Frank Schaeffer – son of Calvinist theologian and social critic Francis Schaeffer who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity^[50] and then to functional Atheism.
David N. Weiss – former Presbyterian minister David Weiss (born in a secular Jewish household) returned to Judaism and is now a successful screenwriter living in Los Angeles. He has been the screenwriter for several films, including Shrek 2, Clockstoppers, Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius, and Rugrats in Paris: The Movie. He has also been the screenwriter for some TV series.^[51]
Seungsahn Haengwon – son of Korean Presbyterian couple, converted to Buddhism and became a Buddhist monk, later founded the international Kwan Um School of Zen.^[52]

Anglicans

Solomon Bandaranaike, fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon, converted to Buddhism
Don Stephen Senanayake, first Prime Minister of Ceylon, converted to Buddhism
J. R. Jayewardene, second President of Sri Lanka, converted to Buddhism

References

^ Harrell, David (1978). All Things Are Possible: The Healing and Charismatic Revivals in Modern America. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.
^ Duyzer, Peter M. (2014). Legend of the Fall, An Evaluation of William Branham and His Message. Independent Scholar's Press. ISBN 978-1-927581-15-5.
^ Weaver, C. Douglas (2000). The Healer-Prophet: William Marrion Branham (A study of the Prophetic in American Pentecostalism). Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-20221-5.
^ "Julie Galambush from HarperCollins Publishers". Archived from the original on 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2009-02-19.
^ "Ahuvah Gray". www.jewishmag.com.
^ "ARCHIVE OF RECENT EVENTS". www.cardiffshul.org.
^ John Hubner and Lindsey Gruson, Monkey on a Stick: Murder, Madness and the Hare Krishnas (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988)
^ ^a ^b ^c "Convert Authors". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on August 18, 2000.
^ "Allez-allez - a Go-Go decides to turn French". The Sydney Morning Herald. March 5, 2007.
^ "Thomas Roper'S Story". Archived from the original on October 20, 2007.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2009-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2013-06-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "Ananda Claude Dalenberg Biographical Notes". Cuke.com. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
^ Shanks, Hershel (April 2007). "Losing Faith: Who Did and Who Didn't - How Scholarship Affects Scholars". Biblical Archaeology Review. 33 (2). Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
^ Freedman, Samuel G. (October 2, 2009). "More Protestants Find a Home in the Orthodox Antioch Church". The New York Times.
^ Sanders, Gavriel Aryeh. "A Minister's Journey to Judaism".; "About Gavriel". 10 July 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
^ Gee, Pat (2017-08-29). "Former UH professor shared compassion of Shin Buddhism". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved 2021-01-22.
^ "Louis Bouyer: Author's Page at Ignatius Insight". January 7, 2008. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008.
^ Hausman, Tamar (24 August 2001). "Crazy' Ole Becomes an Oleh". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
^ De La Fuente, Susan (1 March 2013). "Under His Wings". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
^ Jenny Hazan, review of "Strangers No More". Jerusalem Post, 19 November 2005. Quoted by Gefen Publishing House, Strangers No More Book Details.
^ Garstein, Oskar (July 5, 1992). Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: The Age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden, 1622-1656. BRILL. ISBN 9004093958 – via Google Books.
^ The Romanov Royal Martyrs: What Silence Could Not Conceal. Cyprus: Mesa Potamos Monastery. 2019. ISBN 9789963951772.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2009-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ "j. - Ex-Christian ministers now active Orthodox Jews". Archived from the original on 2006-01-13.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-08-24. Retrieved 2009-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) [1] http://www.torahjudaism.org/?p=113
^ "Richard John Neuhaus interviewed". April 22, 2005. Archived from the original on April 22, 2005.
^ "St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary - Dr Jaroslav Pelikan falls asleep in the Lord". June 15, 2006. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006.
^ "News". The Lutheran World Federation.
^ Fleischer, Manfred (1988). "Lutheran and Catholic Reunionists in the Age of Bismarck". Church History. 57: 89–107. doi:10.1017/S000964070006296X. JSTOR 3165653.
^ Mauro Peressini (2016). Choosing Buddhism: The Life Stories of Eight Canadians. Ottawa University Press; 1st edition. pp. 69–101. ISBN 9780776623337.
^ "The religion of Sam Brownback, Senator from Kansas". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2005.
^ "Richard Gere: On guard". BBC NEWS. 27 December 2002. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
^ "Famous Methodists". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2001.
^ "Lesson 11: "The Field Is White Already to Harvest"". www.churchofjesuschrist.org.
^ "GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - THE SIR ARNOLD LUNN PAPERS: COLLECTION DESCRIPTION". Archived from the original on 2000-07-08.
^ Pravrajika Atmanpurana, The Story of Sister Nivedita (Calcutta: Ramakrishna Sarada Mission, 1992).
^ JCR: Be'Chol Lashon Update 12_17_04
^ "Rabbi Dr. Asher Wade | A WordPress site".
^ "A matter of faith". May 2, 2005.
^ "Lion's Den Beit Hamidrash | Home". Lion's Den Beit Hamidrash | Home.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2009-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ http://www.thesunchronicle.com/articles/2009/02/07/faith/4334541.txt^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ "The Hollywood Free Paper". www.hollywoodfreepaper.org.
^ "Events | St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary". www.svots.edu.
^ http://www.gavrielsanders.com
^ "Torah Judaism". www.bejewish.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2009-03-25.
^ "Yahweh ben Yahweh cult - headed by Hulon Mitchell Jr - The Crime library". November 3, 2006. Archived from the original on November 3, 2006.
^ "Franciscan University of Steubenville - Dr. Scott Hahn". February 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008.
^ "Fundamentalists to the Right, Fundamentalists to the Left". www.beliefnet.com.
^ "Forex trading course online - Learn Forex trading for beginners".
^ Ford, James Ishmael (2006). Zen Master Who?. Wisdom Publications. pp. 99, 100, 101. ISBN 0-86171-509-8.

[1] Harrell, David (1978). All Things Are Possible: The Healing and Charismatic Revivals in Modern America. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-525-24136-1.

[2] Duyzer, Peter M. (2014). Legend of the Fall, An Evaluation of William Branham and His Message. Independent Scholar's Press. ISBN 978-1-927581-15-5.

[3] Weaver, C. Douglas (2000). The Healer-Prophet: William Marrion Branham (A study of the Prophetic in American Pentecostalism). Mercer University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-20221-5.

[4] "Julie Galambush from HarperCollins Publishers". Archived from the original on 2010-02-06. Retrieved 2009-02-19.

[5] "Ahuvah Gray". www.jewishmag.com.

[6] "ARCHIVE OF RECENT EVENTS". www.cardiffshul.org.

[7] John Hubner and Lindsey Gruson, Monkey on a Stick: Murder, Madness and the Hare Krishnas (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988)

[auto-8] "Convert Authors". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on August 18, 2000.

[9] "Allez-allez - a Go-Go decides to turn French". The Sydney Morning Herald. March 5, 2007.

[10] "Thomas Roper'S Story". Archived from the original on October 20, 2007.

[11] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2009-01-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[12] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2013-06-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[13] "Ananda Claude Dalenberg Biographical Notes". Cuke.com. Retrieved January 21, 2021.

[14] Shanks, Hershel (April 2007). "Losing Faith: Who Did and Who Didn't - How Scholarship Affects Scholars". Biblical Archaeology Review. 33 (2). Biblical Archaeology Society. Retrieved 24 September 2019.

[15] Freedman, Samuel G. (October 2, 2009). "More Protestants Find a Home in the Orthodox Antioch Church". The New York Times.

[16] Sanders, Gavriel Aryeh. "A Minister's Journey to Judaism".; "About Gavriel". 10 July 2008. Retrieved 24 September 2019.

[17] Gee, Pat (2017-08-29). "Former UH professor shared compassion of Shin Buddhism". Honolulu Star-Advertiser. Retrieved 2021-01-22.

[18] "Louis Bouyer: Author's Page at Ignatius Insight". January 7, 2008. Archived from the original on January 7, 2008.

[19] Hausman, Tamar (24 August 2001). "Crazy' Ole Becomes an Oleh". Haaretz. Retrieved 13 September 2019.

[20] De La Fuente, Susan (1 March 2013). "Under His Wings". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 13 September 2019.

[21] Jenny Hazan, review of "Strangers No More". Jerusalem Post, 19 November 2005. Quoted by Gefen Publishing House, Strangers No More Book Details.

[22] Garstein, Oskar (July 5, 1992). Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: The Age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden, 1622-1656. BRILL. ISBN 9004093958 – via Google Books.

[23] The Romanov Royal Martyrs: What Silence Could Not Conceal. Cyprus: Mesa Potamos Monastery. 2019. ISBN 9789963951772.

[24] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. Retrieved 2009-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[25] "j. - Ex-Christian ministers now active Orthodox Jews". Archived from the original on 2006-01-13.

[26] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2005-08-24. Retrieved 2009-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) [1] http://www.torahjudaism.org/?p=113

[27] "Richard John Neuhaus interviewed". April 22, 2005. Archived from the original on April 22, 2005.

[28] "St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary - Dr Jaroslav Pelikan falls asleep in the Lord". June 15, 2006. Archived from the original on June 15, 2006.

[29] "News". The Lutheran World Federation.

[30] Fleischer, Manfred (1988). "Lutheran and Catholic Reunionists in the Age of Bismarck". Church History. 57: 89–107. doi:10.1017/S000964070006296X. JSTOR 3165653.

[31] Mauro Peressini (2016). Choosing Buddhism: The Life Stories of Eight Canadians. Ottawa University Press; 1st edition. pp. 69–101. ISBN 9780776623337.

[32] "The religion of Sam Brownback, Senator from Kansas". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2005.

[33] "Richard Gere: On guard". BBC NEWS. 27 December 2002. Retrieved January 25, 2021.

[34] "Famous Methodists". www.adherents.com. Archived from the original on March 4, 2001.

[35] "Lesson 11: "The Field Is White Already to Harvest"". www.churchofjesuschrist.org.

[36] "GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - THE SIR ARNOLD LUNN PAPERS: COLLECTION DESCRIPTION". Archived from the original on 2000-07-08.

[37] Pravrajika Atmanpurana, The Story of Sister Nivedita (Calcutta: Ramakrishna Sarada Mission, 1992).

[38] JCR: Be'Chol Lashon Update 12_17_04

[39] "Rabbi Dr. Asher Wade | A WordPress site".

[40] "A matter of faith". May 2, 2005.

[41] "Lion's Den Beit Hamidrash | Home". Lion's Den Beit Hamidrash | Home.

[42] "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2008-08-28. Retrieved 2009-02-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

[43] ttp://www.thesunchronicle.com/articles/2009/02/07/faith/4334541.txt^{[permanent dead link‍]}

[44] "The Hollywood Free Paper". www.hollywoodfreepaper.org.

[45] "Events | St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary". www.svots.edu.

[46] ttp://www.gavrielsanders.com

[47] "Torah Judaism". www.bejewish.org. Archived from the original on 2018-09-28. Retrieved 2009-03-25.

[48] "Yahweh ben Yahweh cult - headed by Hulon Mitchell Jr - The Crime library". November 3, 2006. Archived from the original on November 3, 2006.

[49] "Franciscan University of Steubenville - Dr. Scott Hahn". February 8, 2008. Archived from the original on February 8, 2008.

[50] "Fundamentalists to the Right, Fundamentalists to the Left". www.beliefnet.com.

[51] "Forex trading course online - Learn Forex trading for beginners".

[52] Ford, James Ishmael (2006). Zen Master Who?. Wisdom Publications. pp. 99, 100, 101. ISBN 0-86171-509-8.

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@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *[[Christina of Sweden]] – Swedish queen-regent who converted to Catholicism.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SJxEw4nVDXQC&q=%22queen+christina%22+sweden+catholic&pg=PR6|title=Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia: The Age of Gustavus Adolphus and Queen Christina of Sweden, 1622-1656|first=Oskar|last=Garstein|date=July 5, 1992|publisher=BRILL|via=Google Books|isbn=9004093958}}</ref>
 * [[Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna|St. Elizabeth the New Martyr]] - Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, later Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia, converted to Orthodox Christianity from her native Lutheranism. Following the assassination of her husband in 1905, Elizabeth took monastic vows, opened the [[Marfo-Mariinsky Convent|Convent of Saints Martha and Mary]], and became its [[abbess]]. In 1918, Elizabeth was murdered by the [[Cheka]] Soviet secret police during the [[Russian Revolution]]. She was [[canonised]] by the [[Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia]] in 1981 and in 1992 by the [[Moscow Patriarchate]] as [[New Martyr]] Elizabeth Feodorovna. <ref>{{cite book |title=The Romanov Royal Martyrs: What Silence Could Not Conceal |date=2019 |publisher=Mesa Potamos Monastery |location=Cyprus |isbn=9789963951772}}</ref>
-* [[John Hove]] – Lutheran pastor who converted to Orthodox Judaism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derechemet.org/english/cgi-bin/show.cgi?27&luth |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-02-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725230235/http://www.derechemet.org/english/cgi-bin/show.cgi?27&luth |archivedate=2011-07-25 }}</ref><ref>http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/8718/edition_id/165/format/html/displaystory.html</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youngisrael.org/speakers/hove.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-02-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050824012444/http://www.youngisrael.org/speakers/hove.htm |archivedate=2005-08-24 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180928201158/http://www.bejewish.org/index.php?option=com_jd-wp&Itemid=31&p=2]  http://www.torahjudaism.org/?p=113</ref>
+* [[John Hove]] – Lutheran pastor who converted to Orthodox Judaism.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.derechemet.org/english/cgi-bin/show.cgi?27&luth |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-02-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725230235/http://www.derechemet.org/english/cgi-bin/show.cgi?27&luth |archivedate=2011-07-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/8718/edition_id/165/format/html/displaystory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060113022225/http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/8718/edition_id/165/format/html/displaystory.html |archive-date=2006-01-13 |title=j. - Ex-Christian ministers now active Orthodox Jews}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youngisrael.org/speakers/hove.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-02-19 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050824012444/http://www.youngisrael.org/speakers/hove.htm |archivedate=2005-08-24 }} [https://web.archive.org/web/20180928201158/http://www.bejewish.org/index.php?option=com_jd-wp&Itemid=31&p=2]  http://www.torahjudaism.org/?p=113</ref>
 *[[Richard John Neuhaus]] – Lutheran pastor who converted to Catholicism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ad2000.com.au/articles/1991/jun1991p10_706.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050422222426/http://www.ad2000.com.au/articles/1991/jun1991p10_706.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 22, 2005|title=Richard John Neuhaus interviewed|date=April 22, 2005}}</ref>
 *[[Jaroslav Pelikan]] – Lutheran historian who deemed his conversion to the [[Orthodox Church in America]] to be a "return."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.svots.edu/News/Recent/2006-0513-pelikan/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615045459/http://www.svots.edu/News/Recent/2006-0513-pelikan/|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 15, 2006|title=St Vladimir's Orthodox Theological Seminary - Dr Jaroslav Pelikan falls asleep in the Lord|date=June 15, 2006}}</ref>
@@ Line 53: / Line 53: @@
 *[[John P. Greene]] – Methodist minister who joined the [[Latter Day Saint movement]] and became a [[Council of Fifty]] member.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/manual/doctrine-and-covenants-and-church-history-gospel-doctrine-teachers-manual/lesson-11-the-field-is-white-already-to-harvest?lang=eng|title=Lesson 11: "The Field Is White Already to Harvest"|website=www.churchofjesuschrist.org}}</ref>
 *[[Julius Lester]] – son of a Methodist minister, and famous author who converted to Judaism.<ref name="auto"/>
-*[[Arnold Lunn]] – son of minister [[Henry Simpson Lunn]], who converted to Catholicism after initial opposition to that religion.<ref>http://library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/cl143.htm</ref>
+*[[Arnold Lunn]] – son of minister [[Henry Simpson Lunn]], who converted to Catholicism after initial opposition to that religion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/cl143.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000708033241/http://www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/cl143.htm |archive-date=2000-07-08 |title=GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY - THE SIR ARNOLD LUNN PAPERS: COLLECTION DESCRIPTION}}</ref>
 *[[Margaret Noble]] (1867–1911) – daughter of a minister of the Wesleyan Church in North Ireland (a branch of Methodism), she was a fervent Christian as a child, desiring to become a missionary to India. In 1895, Noble met Swami Vivekananda in London, converted to his version of Hinduism and was renamed "Sister Nivedita." Moved to India where she worked for nationalist causes and wrote several books, most notably, ''Kali The Mother''.<ref>Pravrajika Atmanpurana, ''The Story of Sister Nivedita'' (Calcutta: Ramakrishna Sarada Mission, 1992).</ref>
 * [[Carlos Samuel Salas]] – former Methodist minister, he converted to Orthodox Judaism.<ref>[http://www.jewishresearch.org/BL_archives/12_16_04BL.htm#rabbi JCR: Be'Chol Lashon Update 12_17_04<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
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 *[[Scott Hahn]] – former minister who became a Catholic apologist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.franciscan.edu/home2/Content/Presents/main.aspx?id=261|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080208183708/http://www.franciscan.edu/home2/Content/Presents/main.aspx?id=261|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 8, 2008|title=Franciscan University of Steubenville - Dr. Scott Hahn|date=February 8, 2008}}</ref>
 *[[Frank Schaeffer]] – son of [[Calvinism|Calvinist]] theologian and [[social criticism|social critic]] [[Francis Schaeffer]] who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.beliefnet.com/faiths/christianity/2003/11/fundamentalists-to-the-right-fundamentalists-to-the-left.aspx|title=Fundamentalists to the Right, Fundamentalists to the Left|website=www.beliefnet.com}}</ref> and then to functional Atheism.
-*[[David N. Weiss]] – former Presbyterian minister David Weiss (born in a secular Jewish household) returned to Judaism and is now a successful screenwriter living in Los Angeles. He has been the screenwriter for several films, including ''[[Shrek 2]]'', ''[[Clockstoppers]]'', ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (film)|Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'', and ''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]''. He has also been the screenwriter for some TV series.<ref>http://www.ikehillah.org/shrekonjudaism1/</ref>
+*[[David N. Weiss]] – former Presbyterian minister David Weiss (born in a secular Jewish household) returned to Judaism and is now a successful screenwriter living in Los Angeles. He has been the screenwriter for several films, including ''[[Shrek 2]]'', ''[[Clockstoppers]]'', ''[[Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (film)|Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius]]'', and ''[[Rugrats in Paris: The Movie]]''. He has also been the screenwriter for some TV series.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ikehillah.org/shrekonjudaism1/ |title = Forex trading course online - Learn Forex trading for beginners}}</ref>
 *[[Seungsahn|Seungsahn Haengwon]] – son of Korean Presbyterian couple, converted to Buddhism and became a Buddhist monk, later founded the international [[Kwan Um School of Zen]].<ref>{{cite book| last =Ford| first =James Ishmael| author-link =James Ishmael Ford| title =Zen Master Who?| publisher =Wisdom Publications| year =2006| pages =[https://archive.org/details/zenmasterwhoguid00jame/page/99 99, 100, 101]| url =https://archive.org/details/zenmasterwhoguid00jame/page/99| isbn =0-86171-509-8}}</ref>