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Following the [[First Libyan Civil War]] and the concurrent [[NATO]] [[2011 military intervention in Libya|intervention]] in 2011, neighboring [[Mali]] and [[Burkina Faso]] had a spurt of Islamist attacks. Since 2015, Burkina Faso has been fighting [[Islamic State]] and [[al-Qaeda]] in some parts of the country. However, military personnel complained about a lack of military equipment and logistics. This caused discontent among the military ranks, criticizing the government's lack of effort combating jihadist groups. Former CIA political analyst Michael Shurkin stated the army is "ill equipped and unprepared" for battle.<ref name=kabore-detained>{{cite news |date=24 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
Following the [[First Libyan Civil War]] and the concurrent [[NATO]] [[2011 military intervention in Libya|intervention]] in 2011, neighboring [[Mali]] and [[Burkina Faso]] had a spurt of Islamist attacks. Since 2015, Burkina Faso has been fighting [[Islamic State]] and [[al-Qaeda]] in some parts of the country. However, military personnel complained about a lack of military equipment and logistics. This caused discontent among the military ranks, criticizing the government's lack of effort combating jihadist groups. Former CIA political analyst Michael Shurkin stated the army is "ill equipped and unprepared" for battle.<ref name=kabore-detained>{{cite news |date=24 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-president-kabore-detained-by-mutinous-soldiers |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>


Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was elected for his second term as president in the [[2020 Burkinabé general election]]. Kaboré's government faced regular protests due to the handling of the ongoing [[Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso|jihadi crisis]] in the country. On December 2021, [[Prime Minister of Burkina Faso|Prime Minister]] [[Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré]] was fired from his post amid an escalating security crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-08|title=Burkina Faso PM ousted following protests over jihadist violence|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20211208-burkina-faso-pm-dabire-ousted-following-protests-over-jihadist-violence|access-date=2021-12-08|publisher=France 24|language=en}}</ref> On 22 January 2022, the anti-government protests erupted in the capital. The protesters were reportedly angered by the government’s inability to stop armed attacks across the country. Several protesters asked for the resignation of President Kaboré.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso forces fire tear gas at anti-government protests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/22/burkina-faso-forces-fire-tear-gas-at-anti-government-protests |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>
Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was elected for his second term as president in the [[2020 Burkinabé general election]]. Kaboré's government faced regular protests due to the handling of the ongoing [[Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso|jihadi crisis]] in the country. In December 2021, [[Prime Minister of Burkina Faso|Prime Minister]] [[Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré]] was fired from his post amid an escalating security crisis.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-08|title=Burkina Faso PM ousted following protests over jihadist violence|url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20211208-burkina-faso-pm-dabire-ousted-following-protests-over-jihadist-violence|access-date=2021-12-08|publisher=France 24|language=en}}</ref> On 22 January 2022, the anti-government protests erupted in the capital. The protesters were reportedly angered by the government’s inability to stop armed attacks across the country. Several protesters asked for the resignation of President Kaboré.<ref>{{cite news |date=22 January 2022 |title=Burkina Faso forces fire tear gas at anti-government protests |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/22/burkina-faso-forces-fire-tear-gas-at-anti-government-protests |publisher=[[Al Jazeera]] |access-date=24 January 2022}}</ref>


==Coup==
==Coup==

Revision as of 10:17, 25 January 2022

2022 Burkinabè coup d'état
Part of Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso
File:Burkina-Faso-Military-RTB-station-coup.jpg
Burkina Faso Armed Forces armoured vehicle in front of state-run media Radio Télévision du Burkina station in Ouagadougou
Date23–24 January 2022 (2022-01-23 – 2022-01-24)
Location
Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Status

Coup d'état successful

Belligerents
Government of Burkina Faso

Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration

Commanders and leaders

A coup d'état was launched in Burkina Faso on 23 January 2022, when gunfire erupted in front of the presidential residence in the Burkinabé capital Ouagadougou and several military barracks around the city.[1] The mutinous soldiers were reported to have seized control of the military base in the capital.[2] However, the government denied there was an ongoing coup in the country.[3] Several hours later, President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was reported to have been detained by the mutinous soldiers at the military camp in the capital.[4] On 24 January, the military announced on television that Kaboré had been deposed from his position as President.[5] After the announcement, the military declared that the parliament, government and constitution had been dissolved.[6]

A statement from the Twitter account of Roch Marc Christian Kaboré urged dialogue and invited the mutinous soldiers to lay down arms but did not address whether he was in detention.[7] Meanwhile, mutinous soldiers were reported to have surrounded the state news station RTB.[8] AFP News reported the president had been arrested along with other government officials.[9] Two security officials said at the Sangoulé Lamizana barracks in the capital, “President Kaboré, the head of parliament, and the ministers are effectively in the hands of the soldiers”.[10] Military captain Sidsoré Kader Ouedraogo said the Patriotic Movement for Safeguarding and Restoration “has decided to assume its responsibilities before history.” In a statement, he said soldiers were putting an end to Kaboré’s presidency because of the deteriorating security situation amid the deepening Islamic insurgency and the president’s inability to manage the crisis. He also said the new military leaders would work to establish a calendar "acceptable to everyone" for holding new elections, without giving further details.[11] Al Jazeera reported that negotiations were already underway between ECOWAS and military junta leader Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.[12]

Background

See also: Jihadist insurgency in Burkina Faso

Following the First Libyan Civil War and the concurrent NATO intervention in 2011, neighboring Mali and Burkina Faso had a spurt of Islamist attacks. Since 2015, Burkina Faso has been fighting Islamic State and al-Qaeda in some parts of the country. However, military personnel complained about a lack of military equipment and logistics. This caused discontent among the military ranks, criticizing the government's lack of effort combating jihadist groups. Former CIA political analyst Michael Shurkin stated the army is "ill equipped and unprepared" for battle.[13]

Roch Marc Christian Kaboré was elected for his second term as president in the 2020 Burkinabé general election. Kaboré's government faced regular protests due to the handling of the ongoing jihadi crisis in the country. In December 2021, Prime Minister Christophe Joseph Marie Dabiré was fired from his post amid an escalating security crisis.[14] On 22 January 2022, the anti-government protests erupted in the capital. The protesters were reportedly angered by the government’s inability to stop armed attacks across the country. Several protesters asked for the resignation of President Kaboré.[15]

Coup

In August 2021, 100 members of the Burkina Faso Armed Forces planned to take over the country. Some of the soldiers said the planning was outside the capital via messaging apps like WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal. Earlier, the ruling People's Movement for Progress party said that both Kaboré and a government minister had survived an assassination attempt.[16]

On 23 January 2022, multiple gunshots were heard near the president's private residence in the capital. On Monday morning, local time, several vehicles of the presidential motorcade were found ridden with bullet holes nearby Kaboré's residence. Whereas the military claimed the takeover had been nonviolent, of the discovered cars, one was found stained with blood.[17][18] Defense Minister Bathelemy Simpore denied rumors of a coup d'état happening in the country and urged the people to return to normal activities in the wake of the gunshots.[19][20] However, hours later, several news stations reported that President Roch Marc Christian Kaboré had been detained. Kaboré was reportedly detained in the military barracks of the capital, while his whereabouts or situation were still unknown. By the afternoon, the military had taken over the headquarters of the state-run Radio Télévision du Burkina. The headquarters of the ruling People's Movement for Progress was reported to have been torched and looted by pro-military protesters.[21][22] A statement from the Twitter account of Roch Marc Christian Kaboré urged dialogue and invited the mutinous soldiers to lay down arms but did not address whether he was in detention.[23]

Our Nation is going through difficult times.

At this precise moment, we must safeguard our democratic achievements. I invite those who have taken up arms to lay them down in the Higher Interests of the Nation.

It is through dialogue and listening that we must resolve our contradictions. RK.

— Roch Marc Christian Kaboré (@rochkaborepf)[24]

NetBlocks reported that internet access had been disrupted amid instability in the country.[25] Meanwhile, mutinous soldiers were reported to have surrounded the state news station RTB.[26] AFP News reported the president had been arrested along with other government officials.[27] Two security officials said at the Sangoule Lamizana barracks in the capital, “President Kaboré, head of parliament Sakandé, prime minister Zerbo, and the ministers are effectively in the hands of the soldiers”.[28]

File:Burkina-military-TV-station.jpg
Officers of Burkina Faso Armed Forces making a coup announcement on state television

On the same day, the military announced on television that Kaboré had been deposed from his position as President.[29] After the announcement, the military declared the parliament, government and constitution had been dissolved.[30] The coup d'état was led by military officer Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.[31] Military captain Sidsore Kaber Ouedraogo said the Patriotic Movement for Safeguarding and Restoration “has decided to assume its responsibilities before history.” In a statement, he said soldiers were putting an end to Kaboré’s presidency because of the deteriorating security situation amid the deepening Islamic insurgency and the president’s inability to manage the crisis. He also said the new military leaders would work to establish a calendar "acceptable to everyone" for holding new elections, without giving further details.[11] The junta spokesman told reporters that the coup had taken place “without any physical violence against those arrested, who are being held in a safe place, with respect for their dignity.”[32]

Aftermath

After the coup was launched, the new junta government suspended the government, parliament, and constitution.[33] National borders were shut down and the junta imposed nationwide curfew between 09:00 CVT to 05:00 CVT. The junta government announced the will also work for a new fresh elections that said to be "acceptable to everyone" without giving further details.[34] Al Jazeera reported that negotiations were already underway between ECOWAS and military junta leader Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.[35]

Reactions

Domestic

Several residents in the capital were seen showing their support to the coup.[13] There were reports that some citizens had taken to the street, burning tires to show solidarity with the soldiers.[36] Some youth groups were reported to have stormed the RTB headquarters to show their support of the military junta.[37]

The ruling People's Movement for Progress denounced the coup, calling it an "assassination attempt" against the president and government.[38]

International

  •  Canada: The Canadian government issued a travel warning to Burkina Faso amid the instability in the region.[39]
  •  China: The Chinese embassy stated it would closely follow the development in the country.[40]
  •  Denmark: Development Cooperation Minister of Denmark Flemming Møller Mortensen expressed his concern with the situation in Burkina Faso.[41]
  •  France: The French embassy in the capital issued a warning for French citizens in Burkina Faso to avoid non-essential travel and night driving. The French embassy said they would make a further announcement soon.[42]
  •  Luxembourg: Minister for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg Jean Asselborn said the government was following the situation with great concern and condemned the dismissal of the president and suspension of constitutional order, he also urged both parties to solve the challenges through dialogue.[43]
  •  South Africa: South African Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor expressed her shock of the coup and said region mustn’t become a region of coups.[44]
  •  Sweden: Swedish Foreign Minister Ann Linde denounced the coup and calls for respect for the constitutional order and urges all parties to find a peaceful resolution through dialogue.[45]
  •  Turkey: The Turkish government expressed their concern over the situation in Burkina Faso and urged both parties to restore order. Turkey also expressed their solidarity with the people of Burkina Faso.[46]
  •  United Kingdom: The FCDO, warned against all but essential travel to the capital city, Ouagadougou. It also stated that it is monitoring the situation closely and advised British citizens feeling unsafe to leave the country.[47]
  •  United States: State Department via spokeperson Ned Price said they were aware with the reports in Burkina Faso, the State Department also called for immediate release of President Kaboré and urge dialogue between two parties.[48] The United States embassy issued a security alert due to the ongoing security concerns throughout the capital. The embassy said US citizens in the country were advised to take shelter, avoid large crowds, limit movement to emergencies, and monitor local media for updates.[49]

Supranational organizations

  • ECOWAS urged the military to respect the government as the democratic authority and encouraged dialogue between the government and military. ECOWAS also urge the soldiers to return to barracks.[51]
  •  European Union: European Union High Representative, Josep Borrell, issued a statement on Burkina Faso: "We follow with great concern the evolution of the situation in Burkina Faso. The latest news is very worrying, regarding the detention of President Kaboré, and the occupation of national radio and television by elements of the army. Yesterday I spoke with the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Burkina Faso Rosine Coulibaly and the President of the European Council Charles Michel spoke with the President of Burkina Faso, during the discussions the situation seemed under control. But during today, the news has gotten worse, it is bad, and we now know that President Kaboré is under the control of the army. We call for respect for the constitutional order and for the release of President Kaboré."[52]

Intergovernmental organization

References

  1. ^ "Burkina Faso: Shots heard near presidential palace". BBC News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  2. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Burkina Faso: Heavy gunfire heard near president's house | DW | 23.01.2022". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  3. ^ "Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire". Al Jazeera. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  4. ^ "Burkina Faso president reportedly detained by military". BBC News. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Burkina Faso army says it has deposed President Kabore". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  6. ^ "Burkina Faso military says it has seized power". BBC News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  7. ^ "Mutinous soldiers say they detained Burkina Faso's president". AP NEWS. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  8. ^ "Soldiers seen outside Burkina Faso state TV after mutinies". France 24. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  9. ^ "Burkina Faso President Kaboré 'detained' by mutinous soldiers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  10. ^ "Burkina Faso President Kaboré 'detained' by mutinous soldiers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  11. ^ a b "Soldiers say military junta now controls Burkina Faso". AP NEWS. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  12. ^ "Burkina Faso army says it has deposed President Kabore". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  13. ^ a b "Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire". Al Jazeera. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  14. ^ "Burkina Faso PM ousted following protests over jihadist violence". France 24. 2021-12-08. Retrieved 2021-12-08.
  15. ^ "Burkina Faso forces fire tear gas at anti-government protests". Al Jazeera. 22 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Burkina Faso military says it has seized power". BBC News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  17. ^ Ndiaga, Thiam (2022-01-24). "Burkina Faso army deposes president in West Africa's latest coup". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  18. ^ "Burkina Faso gov't denies army takeover after barracks gunfire". Al Jazeera. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  19. ^ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "Burkina Faso: Heavy gunfire heard near president's house | DW | 23.01.2022". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  20. ^ "Burkina Faso's defence minister speaks on TV to reassure population". Africanews. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  21. ^ "Shots heard near Burkina Faso president's home, protesters torch ruling party HQ". France24. 23 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  22. ^ "Burkina Faso president reportedly detained by military". BBC News. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  23. ^ "Mutinous soldiers say they detained Burkina Faso's president". AP NEWS. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  24. ^ "Notre Nation vit des moments difficiles. Nous devons en ce moment précis sauvegarder nos acquis démocratiques. J'invite ceux qui ont pris les armes à les déposer dans l'intérêt Supérieur de la Nation. C'est par le dialogue et l'écoute que nous devons régler nos contradictions.RK - @rochkaborepf", January 24, 2022, Twitter. Retrieved January 24, 2022
  25. ^ "Internet disrupted in Burkina Faso amid military uprising". NetBlocks. 23 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  26. ^ "Soldiers seen outside Burkina Faso state TV after mutinies". France 24. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  27. ^ "Burkina Faso President Kabore 'detained' by mutinous soldiers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  28. ^ "Burkina Faso President Kabore 'detained' by mutinous soldiers". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  29. ^ "Burkina Faso army says it has deposed President Kabore". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  30. ^ "Burkina Faso military says it has seized power". BBC News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  31. ^ "Fresh from promotion, Burkina Faso writer-colonel leads a coup". Reuters. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  32. ^ "Soldiers say military junta now controls Burkina Faso". AP NEWS. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  33. ^ "Burkina junta suspends Constitution, government, closes borders". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  34. ^ "Soldiers say a military junta now controls Burkina Faso". NPR. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  35. ^ "Burkina Faso army says it has deposed President Kabore". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  36. ^ Walsh, Declan (2022-01-24). "Military Seizes Power in Burkina Faso". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  37. ^ "#BurkinaFaso Ouaga: Young people demonstrate their support for the soldiers stationed at the RTB - @burkina24", January 24, 2022, Twitter. Retrieved January 24, 2022
  38. ^ "Burkina Faso military says it has seized power". BBC News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  39. ^ "Safety and security", January 25, 2022, Travel.gc.ca. Retrieved January 25, 2022
  40. ^ "布基納法索發生政變　聯合國及非盟譴責武力接管行為 (Coup in Burkina Faso, UN and AU Condemns Armed Takeover)". RTHK. 25 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  41. ^ "Burkina Fasos præsident træder tilbage efter attentatforsøg". www.msn.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  42. ^ "Message à la communauté française", January 24, 2022, French Embassy in Ouagadougou. Retrieved January 24, 2022
  43. ^ "Burkina Faso military coup: How the world reacted". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  44. ^ Khumalo, Khayelihle (24 January 2022). "South Africa on the path to fixing its immigration laws: Minister Pandor". SABC News. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  45. ^ "Sweden joins @ecowas_cedeao in strongly condemning the attempted coup d’détat in Burkina Faso, calls for respect for the constitutional order and urges all parties to find a peaceful resolution through dialogue. - @AnnLinde", January 25, 2022, Twitter. Retrieved January 25, 2022
  46. ^ "Türkiye'den Burkina Faso açıklaması: Haberleri derin endişe ile karşılıyoruz" [Burkina Faso statement from Turkey: We welcome the news with deep concern]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  47. ^ "Safety and security - Burkina Faso travel advice". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
  48. ^ "United States calls for immediate release of Burkina Faso president". National Post. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
  49. ^ "Security Alert: U.S. Embassy Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso", January 24, 2022, United States Embassy in Ouagadougou. Retrieved January 24, 2022
  50. ^ "Burkina Faso : suivez en direct l'évolution de la situation" [Burkina Faso: following the development of the situation live] (in French). Deutsche Welle. 24 January 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  51. ^ Cham, Kemo (24 January 2022). "Ecowas warns Burkina Faso military against coup attempt". The EastAfrican. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  52. ^ Borrell, Josep (24 January 2022). "Foreign Affairs Council: Press remarks by High Representative Josep Borrell". Delegation of the European Union to Burkina Faso.
  53. ^ "Guterres calls on Burkina Faso coup leaders to 'lay down their arms'". UN News. 2022-01-24. Retrieved 2022-01-24.
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