Post-anarchism

Post-anarchism (or postanarchism), also known as post-structuralist anarchism, is a strand within anarchist theory that accepts a post-structuralist account of power and aims to reconcile anarchist theory with postmodern philosophy, particularly Lacanian psychoanalysis (Jacques Lacan and others); the work of Michel Foucault; and schizoanalysis (Deleuze and Guattari). Prominent post-anarchist theorists include Todd May, Saul Newman, Lewis Call, and Duane Rousselle.

Approaches and etymology

The term "post-anarchism" was coined by philosopher of post-left anarchy Hakim Bey in his 1987 essay "Post-Anarchism Anarchy." Bey argued that anarchism had become insular and sectarian, confusing the various anarchist schools of thought for the real experience of lived anarchy. In 1994, Todd May initiated what he called "poststructuralist anarchism", arguing for a theory grounded in the post-structuralist understanding of power, particularly through the work of Michel Foucault and Emma Goldman, while taking the anarchist approach to ethics.

The "Lacanian anarchism" proposed by Saul Newman utilizes the works of Jacques Lacan and Max Stirner more prominently. Newman criticizes classical anarchists, such as Mikhail Bakunin and Peter Kropotkin, for assuming an objective "human nature" and a natural order; he argues that from this approach, humans progress and are well-off by nature, with only the Establishment as a limitation that forces behavior otherwise. For Newman, this is a Manichaen worldview, which depicts the reversal of Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, in which the "good" state is subjugated by the "evil" people.

Ruth Kinna, in her review of Newman's book, wrote that, "anarchism [has largely been defined] as a program of action, an idea of social revolution and a conception of the stateless society, whereas [Newman's] postanarchism is associated with autonomous modes of thinking and acting – Foucault's 'decisive will to not be governed' – and the renunciation of revolution."

Lewis Call has attempted to develop post-anarchist theory through the work of Friedrich Nietzsche, rejecting the Cartesian concept of the "subject." From here, a radical form of anarchism is made possible: the anarchism of becoming. This anarchism does not have an eventual goal, nor does it flow into "being"; it is not a final state of development, nor a static form of society, but rather becomes permanent, as a means without end. Italian autonomist Giorgio Agamben has also written about this idea. In this respect it is similar to the "complex systems" view of emerging society known as panarchy. Call critiques liberal notions of language, consciousness, and rationality from an anarchist perspective, arguing that they are inherent in economic and political power within the capitalist state organization.

Duane Rousselle has approached the term from the perspective Lacanian psychoanalysis in After Post-Anarchism and Post-Anarchism: A Reader.

The journal Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies has been a key academic journal disseminating post-anarchist theory.

See also

• Existentialist anarchism

Further reading

• Rousselle, Duane and Evren, Süreyyya (eds) Post-Anarchism: A Reader. London: Pluto Press. (2011)
• Call, Lewis (2002). Postmodern Anarchism. Lexington: Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0522-1.
• Fabbri, Lorenzo. "From Inoperativeness to Action: On Giorgio Agamben’s Anarchism", "Radical Philosophy Review," Volume 4, Number 1, 2011.
• Ferguson, Kathy (1984). The Feminist Case against Bureaucracy. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. ISBN 0-87722-400-5.
• Franks, Benjamin (June 2007). "Postanarchism: A critical assessment" (PDF). Journal of Political Ideologies. 12 (2). Routledge: 127–145. doi:10.1080/13569310701284985. ISSN 1356-9317. S2CID 144787193.
• May, Todd (1994). The Political Philosophy of Poststructuralist Anarchism. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. ISBN 0-271-01046-0.
• Mümken, Jürgen (2003). Freiheit, Individualität und Subjektivität. Staat und Subjekt in der Postmoderne aus anarchistischer Perspektive. Frankfurt am Main: Edition AV. ISBN 3-936049-12-2.
• Mümken, Jürgen, ed. (2005). Anarchismus in der Postmoderne. Beiträge zur anarchistischen Theorie und Praxis. Frankfurt am Main: Edition AV, Verlag. ISBN 3-936049-37-8.
• Newman, Saul (2001). From Bakunin to Lacan. Anti-Authoritarianism and the Dislocation of Power. Lexington: Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0240-0.
• Moore, John (2004). I Am Not a Man, I Am Dynamite!: Friedrich Nietzsche and the Anarchist Tradition. Autonomedia. ISBN 1-57027-121-6.
• Michel Onfray La puissance d'exister, Paris, Grasset, (2006) ISBN 2-246-71691-8
• Michel Onfray Politique du rebelle: traité de résistance et d'insoumission (1997)
• Michel Onfray La philosophie féroce : exercices anarchistes. (2004)
• Colson, Daniel. "Anarchist Subjectivities and Modern Subjectivity".
• Colson, Daniel. "Deleuze et le renouveau de la pensée libertaire"
• Call, Lewis et al. "Post-anarchism today", Anarchist Developments in Cultural Studies, volume 1, 2010.
• Springer, S. 2012. "Violent accumulation: a postanarchist critique of property, dispossession, and the state of exception in neoliberalizing Cambodia." Annals of the Association of American Geographers.

External links

• Archive of post-anarchist articles at the Anarchist Library