Nonvolatile BIOS memory: Difference between revisions
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Today's [[UEFI]] motherboards use [[NVRAM]] to store configuration data (NVRAM is a part of the UEFI flash ROM), but by many [[OEM]]s' design, the UEFI settings are still lost if the CMOS battery fails.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UEFI NVRAM - OSDev Wiki|url=https://wiki.osdev.org/UEFI_NVRAM|access-date=2020-09-11|website=wiki.osdev.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-1-4842-6106-4_4/MediaObjects/488723_1_En_4_Fig6_HTML.png|doi = 10.1007/978-1-4842-6106-4_4|chapter = Firmware Resiliency: Detection|title = Building Secure Firmware|year = 2020|last1 = Yao|first1 = Jiewen|last2 = Zimmer|first2 = Vincent|pages = 115–162|isbn = 978-1-4842-6105-7}}</ref> |
Today's [[UEFI]] motherboards use [[NVRAM]] to store configuration data (NVRAM is a part of the UEFI flash ROM), but by many [[OEM]]s' design, the UEFI settings are still lost if the CMOS battery fails.<ref>{{Cite web|title=UEFI NVRAM - OSDev Wiki|url=https://wiki.osdev.org/UEFI_NVRAM|access-date=2020-09-11|website=wiki.osdev.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://media.springernature.com/original/springer-static/image/chp%3A10.1007%2F978-1-4842-6106-4_4/MediaObjects/488723_1_En_4_Fig6_HTML.png|doi = 10.1007/978-1-4842-6106-4_4|chapter = Firmware Resiliency: Detection|title = Building Secure Firmware|year = 2020|last1 = Yao|first1 = Jiewen|last2 = Zimmer|first2 = Vincent|pages = 115–162|isbn = 978-1-4842-6105-7}}</ref> |
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==CMOS battery== |
=={{anchor|Rechargeable CMOS battery}}CMOS battery== |
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{{multiple image|direction=horizontal|image1=Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg|caption1=[[CR-2032]] button cell, the most common CMOS battery|image2=NiCd VARTA battery leakage on circuit board (IMG 3313).jpg|caption2=[[VARTA]]-manufactured [[Nickel–cadmium battery|Ni–Cd]] barrel battery that has leaked onto the mainboard of a [[synthesizer]] and damaged legs and traces|total_width=440}} |
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<!-- [[Rechargeable CMOS battery]] redirects to this section; if this section is renamed, please change the incoming redirect. Thanks! --> |
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[[Image:Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Type CR2032 [[button cell]], the most common CMOS battery.]] |
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The memory battery (aka motherboard, CMOS, [[real-time clock]] (RTC), clock battery)<ref name=whatiscmos /><ref>[http://en.kioskea.net/faq/625-replacing-the-battery-of-your-motherboard-cmos-battery Ask a question » Replacing the battery of your motherboard (CMOS battery)]</ref> is generally a [[CR2032]] [[lithium battery|lithium]] [[coin cell]]. This cell battery has an estimated life of 3 years when [[Power supply unit (computer)|power supply unit (PSU)]] is unplugged or when the PSU power switch is turned off.<ref> |
The memory battery (aka motherboard, CMOS, [[real-time clock]] (RTC), clock battery)<ref name=whatiscmos /><ref>[http://en.kioskea.net/faq/625-replacing-the-battery-of-your-motherboard-cmos-battery Ask a question » Replacing the battery of your motherboard (CMOS battery)]</ref> is generally a [[CR2032]] [[lithium battery|lithium]] [[coin cell]]. This cell battery has an estimated life of 3 years when [[Power supply unit (computer)|power supply unit (PSU)]] is unplugged or when the PSU power switch is turned off.<ref> |
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</ref> This battery type, unlike the [[Lithium-ion battery]], is not rechargeable and trying to do so may result in an explosion. Motherboards have circuitry preventing batteries from being charged and discharged when a motherboard is powered on. Other common battery cell types can last significantly longer or shorter periods, such as the smaller [[CR2016]] which will generally last about 40% less time than CR2032. Higher temperatures and longer power-off time will shorten battery cell life. When replacing the battery cell, the system time and CMOS [[BIOS]] settings may revert to default values. Unwanted BIOS reset may be avoided by replacing the battery cell with the PSU power switch turned on and plugged into [[AC power plugs and sockets|an electric wall socket]]. On [[ATX]] motherboards, the PSU will supply 5V standby power to the motherboard to keep CMOS memory energized while the system is off. |
</ref> This battery type, unlike the [[Lithium-ion battery]], is not rechargeable and trying to do so may result in an explosion. Motherboards have circuitry preventing batteries from being charged and discharged when a motherboard is powered on. Other common battery cell types can last significantly longer or shorter periods, such as the smaller [[CR2016]] which will generally last about 40% less time than CR2032. Higher temperatures and longer power-off time will shorten battery cell life. When replacing the battery cell, the system time and CMOS [[BIOS]] settings may revert to default values. Unwanted BIOS reset may be avoided by replacing the battery cell with the PSU power switch turned on and plugged into [[AC power plugs and sockets|an electric wall socket]]. On [[ATX]] motherboards, the PSU will supply 5V standby power to the motherboard to keep CMOS memory energized while the system is off. |
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Some computer designs have used non-button cell batteries, such as the cylindrical "[[List of battery sizes#1.2F2AA|1/2 AA]]" used in the [[Power Mac G4]] as well as some older [[IBM PC compatible]]s, or a 3-cell |
Some computer designs have used non-button cell batteries, such as the cylindrical "[[List of battery sizes#1.2F2AA|1/2 AA]]" used in the [[Power Mac G4]] as well as some older [[IBM PC compatible]]s, or a 3-cell [[Nickel–cadmium battery|nickel–cadmium]] (Ni–Cd) CMOS battery that looks like a "[[barrel]]" (common in [[Amiga]] and older IBM PC compatibles), which serves the same purpose. These motherboards often have a four pin straight header, with pin 2 missing, for connecting to an external 3.6v battery, such as the Tadiran TL-5242/W, when their soldered-on batteries run out. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 19:45, 2 February 2022
 | This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. (May 2021) |
Nonvolatile BIOS memory refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS settings. It is traditionally called CMOS RAM because it uses a volatile, low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) SRAM (such as the Motorola MC146818 or similar) powered by a small "CMOS" battery when system and standby power is off.[1] It is referred to as non-volatile memory or NVRAM because, after the system loses power, it does retain state by virtue of the CMOS battery. The typical NVRAM capacity is 256 bytes.[2]
The CMOS RAM and the real-time clock have been integrated as a part of the southbridge chipset and it may not be a standalone chip on modern motherboards.[3][2] In turn, the southbridge have been integrated into a single Platform Controller Hub.
Today's UEFI motherboards use NVRAM to store configuration data (NVRAM is a part of the UEFI flash ROM), but by many OEMs' design, the UEFI settings are still lost if the CMOS battery fails.[4][5]
CMOS battery
.jpg)
The memory battery (aka motherboard, CMOS, real-time clock (RTC), clock battery)[1][6] is generally a CR2032 lithium coin cell. This cell battery has an estimated life of 3 years when power supply unit (PSU) is unplugged or when the PSU power switch is turned off.[7] This battery type, unlike the Lithium-ion battery, is not rechargeable and trying to do so may result in an explosion. Motherboards have circuitry preventing batteries from being charged and discharged when a motherboard is powered on. Other common battery cell types can last significantly longer or shorter periods, such as the smaller CR2016 which will generally last about 40% less time than CR2032. Higher temperatures and longer power-off time will shorten battery cell life. When replacing the battery cell, the system time and CMOS BIOS settings may revert to default values. Unwanted BIOS reset may be avoided by replacing the battery cell with the PSU power switch turned on and plugged into an electric wall socket. On ATX motherboards, the PSU will supply 5V standby power to the motherboard to keep CMOS memory energized while the system is off.
Some computer designs have used non-button cell batteries, such as the cylindrical "1/2 AA" used in the Power Mac G4 as well as some older IBM PC compatibles, or a 3-cell nickel–cadmium (Ni–Cd) CMOS battery that looks like a "barrel" (common in Amiga and older IBM PC compatibles), which serves the same purpose. These motherboards often have a four pin straight header, with pin 2 missing, for connecting to an external 3.6v battery, such as the Tadiran TL-5242/W, when their soldered-on batteries run out.
See also
References
- ^ a b Fisher, Tim. "What is CMOS? (CMOS & CMOS Battery Definition)". About.com. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ a b "Intel 100 Series Chipset Family PCH Datasheet". Intel. August 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
- ^ https://www.intel.com/Assets/PDF/datasheet/290562.pdf
- ^ "UEFI NVRAM - OSDev Wiki". wiki.osdev.org. Retrieved 2020-09-11.
- ^ Yao, Jiewen; Zimmer, Vincent (2020). "Firmware Resiliency: Detection". Building Secure Firmware. pp. 115–162. doi:10.1007/978-1-4842-6106-4_4. ISBN 978-1-4842-6105-7.
- ^ Ask a question » Replacing the battery of your motherboard (CMOS battery)
- ^ "CMOS Battery on the Intel NUC". Intel. 24 August 2020.
