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The original company, Aptera Motors, Inc., was founded in 2005 and liquidated in 2011.
The original company, Aptera Motors, Inc., was founded in 2005 and liquidated in 2011.


In 2019, Aptera Motors was re-formed by the original founders, Chris Anthony and Steve Fambro, as Aptera Motors Corp.<ref name = Spectrum1>{{cite web |last1=Voelcker |first1=John |date=2019-08-28 |title=Exclusive: 3-Wheeled Aptera Reboots as World’s Most Efficient Electric Car |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/cars-that-think/transportation/advanced-cars/exclusive-3wheeled-aptera-reboots-as-worlds-most-efficient-electric-car |website=IEEE Spectrum |publisher=IEEE |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref> It used a [[crowdfunding]] campaign<ref name = "Wefunder1">{{Cite web| url = https://wefunder.com/aptera/| title = Invest in Aptera Motors| access-date = November 12, 2019| publisher = [[Wefunder]]}}</ref> to restart development of what is touted as the most highly efficient road vehicle in the world.<ref name = Spectrum1/>
In 2019, Aptera Motors was re-formed by the original founders, Chris Anthony and Steve Fambro, as Aptera Motors Corp.<ref name = Spectrum1>{{cite web |last1=Voelcker |first1=John |date=2019-08-28 |title=Exclusive: 3-Wheeled Aptera Reboots as World's Most Efficient Electric Car |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/cars-that-think/transportation/advanced-cars/exclusive-3wheeled-aptera-reboots-as-worlds-most-efficient-electric-car |website=IEEE Spectrum |publisher=IEEE |access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref> It used a [[crowdfunding]] campaign<ref name = "Wefunder1">{{Cite web| url = https://wefunder.com/aptera/| title = Invest in Aptera Motors| access-date = November 12, 2019| publisher = [[Wefunder]]}}</ref> to restart development of what is touted as the most highly efficient road vehicle in the world.<ref name = Spectrum1/>


The original Aptera Motors' design was a three-wheeled two-seat vehicle named the [[Aptera 2 Series]]. The marketed [[fuel efficiency]] of {{convert|300|mpgUS|L/100 km|abbr=on}}, when plugged in every {{convert|120|mi|km}}, would have made it one of the most fuel-efficient passenger vehicles in the world.<ref name = "PopSci1">{{Cite web| url = http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2006-09/race-100-mpg| title = The Race to 100 MPG| access-date =November 22, 2007| last = Baker| first = Billy| date = September 1, 2006| publisher = [[Popular Science]]}}</ref>
The original Aptera Motors' design was a three-wheeled two-seat vehicle named the [[Aptera 2 Series]]. The marketed [[fuel efficiency]] of {{convert|300|mpgUS|L/100 km|abbr=on}}, when plugged in every {{convert|120|mi|km}}, would have made it one of the most fuel-efficient passenger vehicles in the world.<ref name = "PopSci1">{{Cite web| url = http://www.popsci.com/cars/article/2006-09/race-100-mpg| title = The Race to 100 MPG| access-date =November 22, 2007| last = Baker| first = Billy| date = September 1, 2006| publisher = [[Popular Science]]}}</ref>
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As of 2019, the [[Aptera 3|Aptera]] had been redesigned to be a pure battery-powered electric vehicle (BEV) using under 100Wh per mile on the EPA test cycle, with a marketed EPA test-cycle range of {{convert|1,000|mi|km}}, with solar panels that could add up to 40 miles of range per day. This makes the Aptera the most efficient and the longest-range motor vehicle ever designed for mass production.<ref name = Spectrum1/><ref name="ApteraUS">{{cite web |title=Aptera Motors Corp. {{!}} Electric Vehicles |url=https://www.aptera.us |website=Aptera |publisher=Aptera Motors Corp. |access-date=January 4, 2020}}</ref>
As of 2019, the [[Aptera 3|Aptera]] had been redesigned to be a pure battery-powered electric vehicle (BEV) using under 100Wh per mile on the EPA test cycle, with a marketed EPA test-cycle range of {{convert|1,000|mi|km}}, with solar panels that could add up to 40 miles of range per day. This makes the Aptera the most efficient and the longest-range motor vehicle ever designed for mass production.<ref name = Spectrum1/><ref name="ApteraUS">{{cite web |title=Aptera Motors Corp. {{!}} Electric Vehicles |url=https://www.aptera.us |website=Aptera |publisher=Aptera Motors Corp. |access-date=January 4, 2020}}</ref>


On December 4, 2020, the company revealed the new Aptera EV prototype, releasing model and option details with prices, and opened pre-orders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardwick |first=Sarah |date=2020-12-04 |title=Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle |url=https://www.aptera.us/post/aptera-reveals-first-never-charge-solar-vehicle |access-date=2020-12-06 |website=Aptera_Motors |language=en}}</ref> Within eight days they received deposits for over 3,000 Aptera vehicles, valued at over $100,000,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony |first=Chris |date=2020-12-12 |title=$100 Million in Orders &amp; a Viral Video |url=https://wefunder.com/updates/139843-100-million-in-orders-amp-a-viral-video |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=Wefunder}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sensiba |first=Jennifer |date=2020-12-14 |title=Aptera Is Getting A Lot of Orders For Its "Never Charge" EV |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/12/14/aptera-is-getting-a-lot-of-orders-for-its-never-charge-ev/ |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=CleanTechnica |language=en-US}}</ref> Within 7 weeks the company received deposits for over $200,000,000 worth of vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Anthony|first1=Chris| title=Aptera - Ask a Question| date=2021-02-22 | url=https://wefunder.com/comments/125893| access-date=2021-02-05 |website=wefunder.com}}</ref>
On December 4, 2020, the company revealed the new Aptera EV prototype, releasing model and option details with prices, and opened pre-orders.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardwick |first=Sarah |date=2020-12-04 |title=Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle |url=https://www.aptera.us/post/aptera-reveals-first-never-charge-solar-vehicle |access-date=2020-12-06 |website=Aptera_Motors |language=en}}</ref> Within eight days they received deposits for over 3,000 Aptera vehicles, valued at over $100,000,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony |first=Chris |date=2020-12-12 |title=$100 Million in Orders & a Viral Video |url=https://wefunder.com/updates/139843-100-million-in-orders-amp-a-viral-video |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=Wefunder}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Sensiba |first=Jennifer |date=2020-12-14 |title=Aptera Is Getting A Lot of Orders For Its "Never Charge" EV |url=https://cleantechnica.com/2020/12/14/aptera-is-getting-a-lot-of-orders-for-its-never-charge-ev/ |access-date=2020-12-30 |website=CleanTechnica |language=en-US}}</ref> Within 7 weeks the company received deposits for over $200,000,000 worth of vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Anthony|first1=Chris| title=Aptera - Ask a Question| date=2021-02-22 | url=https://wefunder.com/comments/125893| access-date=2021-02-05 |website=wefunder.com}}</ref>


In their December 2021 video update, the company revealed they had over 15,000 reservation holders, over 8,000 investors, had started construction in their newly acquired 80,000 square foot factory space, and were "confident we will be able to begin supplying vehicles in the later part of 2022."<ref>{{Citation|title=Aptera Update — December 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlNTyI_Fq7U|language=en|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>
In their December 2021 video update, the company revealed they had over 15,000 reservation holders, over 8,000 investors, had started construction in their newly acquired 80,000 square foot factory space, and were "confident we will be able to begin supplying vehicles in the later part of 2022."<ref>{{Citation|title=Aptera Update — December 2021|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlNTyI_Fq7U|language=en|access-date=2021-12-22}}</ref>
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=== Production plans===
=== Production plans===
Aptera Motors published on their WeFunder page an investor presentation, dated July, 2020, with a production plan projecting Aptera first availability in the 2nd quarter of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aptera - Modernizing Vehicle Design & Manufacturing - INVESTOR PRESENTATION|url=https://dfon51l7zffjj.cloudfront.net/uploads/company_attachment/file/51975-bwe45xy9axIVOuR2TcC7FPGT/Wefunder_Investor_Presentation_v2.pdf|access-date=2020-09-20|website=[[Wefunder]]|publisher=Aptera Motors|page=18|format=PDF|via=cloudfront.net}}</ref> On December 4, 2020, Aptera Motors revealed the first solar-powered Aptera prototype.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hardwick|first=Sarah|date=2020-12-04|title=Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle|url=https://www.aptera.us/post/aptera-reveals-first-never-charge-solar-vehicle|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Aptera_Motors|language=en}}</ref> On the same day, Chris Anthony wrote, "Delivery for early orders is end of 2021".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Anthony |first1=Chris |title=Aptera - Ask a Question |date=2020-12-04 |url=https://wefunder.com/comments/117507|access-date=2020-12-08|website=wefunder.com}}</ref> On January 11, 2021, he added, "If we can raise funds effectively and COVID doesn't continue to be a significant impediment, we should be able to deliver 4 to 6 thousand units in 2022."<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Anthony|first1=Chris|title=Aptera - Ask a Question|date=2021-01-11 |url=https://wefunder.com/comments/123957|access-date=2021-01-15 |website=wefunder.com}}</ref> That timeline remained unchanged at the end of 2021 in a Road and Track article<ref name=RT>{{Cite web|last=Baime|first=A. J.|date=2021-12-17|title=The Solar-Powered Aptera Aims to See the Light of Day|url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/a38292917/the-solar-powered-aptera-aims-to-see-the-light-of-day/|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Road & Track|language=en-US}}</ref> and company update.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-22|title=Aptera Update — December 2021|url=https://aptera.mystagingwebsite.com/aptera-update-december-2021/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Aptera|language=en-US}}</ref> In January 2022, Pablo Ucar, Aptera’s Vice President of Production and Procurement, was quoted saying "We’ll start by producing our first few hundred vehicles, our Paradigm Editions. As our supply chain becomes more established, we’ll ramp to 250 per month, and eventually reach our target of producing 40 vehicles per day."<ref>https://inhabitat.com/aptera-upgrades-unique-solarcharging-ev/</ref>. The company's Frequently Asked Question page still states first customer deliveries as happening in "late 2022" when last checked.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FAQs Archive|url=https://aptera.mystagingwebsite.com/faq/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Aptera|language=en-US}}</ref>
Aptera Motors published on their WeFunder page an investor presentation, dated July, 2020, with a production plan projecting Aptera first availability in the 2nd quarter of 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aptera - Modernizing Vehicle Design & Manufacturing - INVESTOR PRESENTATION|url=https://dfon51l7zffjj.cloudfront.net/uploads/company_attachment/file/51975-bwe45xy9axIVOuR2TcC7FPGT/Wefunder_Investor_Presentation_v2.pdf|access-date=2020-09-20|website=[[Wefunder]]|publisher=Aptera Motors|page=18|via=cloudfront.net}}</ref> On December 4, 2020, Aptera Motors revealed the first solar-powered Aptera prototype.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hardwick|first=Sarah|date=2020-12-04|title=Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle|url=https://www.aptera.us/post/aptera-reveals-first-never-charge-solar-vehicle|access-date=2020-12-08|website=Aptera_Motors|language=en}}</ref> On the same day, Chris Anthony wrote, "Delivery for early orders is end of 2021".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Anthony |first1=Chris |title=Aptera - Ask a Question |date=2020-12-04 |url=https://wefunder.com/comments/117507|access-date=2020-12-08|website=wefunder.com}}</ref> On January 11, 2021, he added, "If we can raise funds effectively and COVID doesn't continue to be a significant impediment, we should be able to deliver 4 to 6 thousand units in 2022."<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Anthony|first1=Chris|title=Aptera - Ask a Question|date=2021-01-11 |url=https://wefunder.com/comments/123957|access-date=2021-01-15 |website=wefunder.com}}</ref> That timeline remained unchanged at the end of 2021 in a Road and Track article<ref name=RT>{{Cite web|last=Baime|first=A. J.|date=2021-12-17|title=The Solar-Powered Aptera Aims to See the Light of Day|url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/a38292917/the-solar-powered-aptera-aims-to-see-the-light-of-day/|access-date=2021-12-21|website=Road & Track|language=en-US}}</ref> and company update.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-12-22|title=Aptera Update — December 2021|url=https://aptera.mystagingwebsite.com/aptera-update-december-2021/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Aptera|language=en-US}}</ref> In January 2022, Pablo Ucar, Aptera’s Vice President of Production and Procurement, was quoted saying "We’ll start by producing our first few hundred vehicles, our Paradigm Editions. As our supply chain becomes more established, we’ll ramp to 250 per month, and eventually reach our target of producing 40 vehicles per day."<ref>https://inhabitat.com/aptera-upgrades-unique-solarcharging-ev/</ref>. The company's Frequently Asked Question page still states first customer deliveries as happening in "late 2022" when last checked.<ref>{{Cite web|title=FAQs Archive|url=https://aptera.mystagingwebsite.com/faq/|access-date=2022-01-25|website=Aptera|language=en-US}}</ref>




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The company was founded by Steve Fambro in 2006 and was originally named "Accelerated Composites"; Fambro had formerly worked at [[Illumina (company)|Illumina]] as an electrical engineer. Fambro hired Chris Anthony to be the COO shortly after founding the company.<ref name=nctimes>{{Cite web | url = http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/09/26/business/news/7_01_009_25_07.prt| title = Prototype gets 300 mpg, company says, qualifies for car-pool lane | last = Bradley| first = Fikes| date = September 25, 2007| publisher = North County Times | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608224625/http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/09/26/business/news/7_01_009_25_07.prt|archive-date=June 8, 2008}}</ref>
The company was founded by Steve Fambro in 2006 and was originally named "Accelerated Composites"; Fambro had formerly worked at [[Illumina (company)|Illumina]] as an electrical engineer. Fambro hired Chris Anthony to be the COO shortly after founding the company.<ref name=nctimes>{{Cite web | url = http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/09/26/business/news/7_01_009_25_07.prt| title = Prototype gets 300 mpg, company says, qualifies for car-pool lane | last = Bradley| first = Fikes| date = September 25, 2007| publisher = North County Times | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608224625/http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2007/09/26/business/news/7_01_009_25_07.prt|archive-date=June 8, 2008}}</ref>


In 2006, the company announced it had a three-wheeled car design that would get an estimated {{convert|330|mpgus|L/100 km}} at {{convert|65|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and in March 2007, it showed a prototype called the typ-1 at the [[TED Conference]].<ref name=endgadget>{{cite news|last1=Melanson|first1=Donald|title=Aptera takes wraps off 200 MPG prototype car|url=https://www.engadget.com/2007/03/14/aptera-takes-wraps-off-200-mpg-prototype-car/|work=Engadget|date=March 14, 2007}}</ref> The typ-1 model had been classified as a motorcycle.<ref name=nctimes/> By that time the company had changed its name to ''Aptera'',<ref name=endgadget/> which is Greek for "wingless", a nod to their light-aircraft-inspired design and construction techniques.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/16/HOP1103V8S.DTL| title = Aptera’s 3-wheeler looks as if it could soar| access-date =August 2, 2008| date = April 16, 2008|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> However, Aptera Motors maintains that ''Aptera'' translates to "wingless flight". Later that year, Aptera signed up to participate in the [[Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://auto.xprize.org/auto/press-release/automotive-x-prize-announces-first-30-teams-in-multimillion-dollar-competition-fo | title = Automotive X PRIZE Announces First 30+ Teams in Multimillion Dollar Competition for 100 MPGe Vehicles | date = August 1, 2007 | publisher = [[Automotive X Prize]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080705020920/http://auto.xprize.org/auto/press-release/automotive-x-prize-announces-first-30-teams-in-multimillion-dollar-competition-fo| archive-date= July 5, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> It planned to offer an all-electric vehicle and a hybrid.<ref name=nctimes/>
In 2006, the company announced it had a three-wheeled car design that would get an estimated {{convert|330|mpgus|L/100 km}} at {{convert|65|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}} and in March 2007, it showed a prototype called the typ-1 at the [[TED Conference]].<ref name=endgadget>{{cite news|last1=Melanson|first1=Donald|title=Aptera takes wraps off 200 MPG prototype car|url=https://www.engadget.com/2007/03/14/aptera-takes-wraps-off-200-mpg-prototype-car/|work=Engadget|date=March 14, 2007}}</ref> The typ-1 model had been classified as a motorcycle.<ref name=nctimes/> By that time the company had changed its name to ''Aptera'',<ref name=endgadget/> which is Greek for "wingless", a nod to their light-aircraft-inspired design and construction techniques.<ref>{{Cite news| url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/04/16/HOP1103V8S.DTL| title = Aptera's 3-wheeler looks as if it could soar| access-date =August 2, 2008| date = April 16, 2008|work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> However, Aptera Motors maintains that ''Aptera'' translates to "wingless flight". Later that year, Aptera signed up to participate in the [[Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize]].<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://auto.xprize.org/auto/press-release/automotive-x-prize-announces-first-30-teams-in-multimillion-dollar-competition-fo | title = Automotive X PRIZE Announces First 30+ Teams in Multimillion Dollar Competition for 100 MPGe Vehicles | date = August 1, 2007 | publisher = [[Automotive X Prize]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080705020920/http://auto.xprize.org/auto/press-release/automotive-x-prize-announces-first-30-teams-in-multimillion-dollar-competition-fo| archive-date= July 5, 2008 | url-status= live}}</ref> It planned to offer an all-electric vehicle and a hybrid.<ref name=nctimes/>


In 2008, Aptera Motors hired several industry veterans to oversee engineering and production as well as marketing, and raised $24 million from Google, Idealab, Esenjay, the Simons family, and the Beall Family Trust. When the company announced the funding, it said it would start to sell its car by the end of the year.<ref name=Wert2009>{{cite news|last1=Wert|first1=Ray|title=Aptera Founders Ousted in Boardroom Showdown|url=http://jalopnik.com/5405602/aptera-founders-ousted-in-boardroom-showdown|work=Jalopnik|date=November 16, 2009}}</ref> Near the end of year, it hired Paul Wilbur as CEO, and Fambro stepped down as CEO and assumed the title of Chief Technical Officer. Shortly after Wilbur joined the company, it announced that the launch of the car would be delayed until 2009.<ref name=Wert2009/> By that time, it was calling the "typ-1" the "2e".<ref name=Wert2009/>
In 2008, Aptera Motors hired several industry veterans to oversee engineering and production as well as marketing, and raised $24 million from Google, Idealab, Esenjay, the Simons family, and the Beall Family Trust. When the company announced the funding, it said it would start to sell its car by the end of the year.<ref name=Wert2009>{{cite news|last1=Wert|first1=Ray|title=Aptera Founders Ousted in Boardroom Showdown|url=http://jalopnik.com/5405602/aptera-founders-ousted-in-boardroom-showdown|work=Jalopnik|date=November 16, 2009}}</ref> Near the end of year, it hired Paul Wilbur as CEO, and Fambro stepped down as CEO and assumed the title of Chief Technical Officer. Shortly after Wilbur joined the company, it announced that the launch of the car would be delayed until 2009.<ref name=Wert2009/> By that time, it was calling the "typ-1" the "2e".<ref name=Wert2009/>


In March 2009, the U.S. government denied loans to Aptera Motors under the [[Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program]], due to wording that limited loans to four-wheeled-vehicle research and production.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wired.com/autopia/2009/03/aptera-legislat/ |title=Tri, Tri Again for Aptera 3-Wheeler Loan From Feds &#124; Autopia |work=Wired |date= March 11, 2009|access-date=October 25, 2009 |first=Chuck |last=Squatriglia| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091113173941/http://www.wired.com/autopia/2009/03/aptera-legislat/| archive-date= November 13, 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> After successfully lobbying to change the regulations,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Squatriglia |first1=Chuck |title=Obama Says Aptera's 3-Wheeler Is a Car |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/10/aptera-doe/|work=Wired|date=2009-10-30 |access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> in October 2009, the company reapplied for a $184 million loan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/10/30/aptera-officialy-resubmits-application-for-doe-loan/ |title=Aptera officially resubmits application for DOE loan – Autoblog Green |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |date=October 30, 2009 |access-date=September 6, 2010}}</ref><ref name="apteraforum.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.apteraforum.com/showthread.php?t=4211 |title=April 14 Press Release |date=April 14, 2010 |access-date=April 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707154247/http://www.apteraforum.com/showthread.php?t=4211 |archive-date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> In November 2009 the company laid off employees, and both Fambro and Anthony left the company.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Siry|first1=Darryl|title=Aptera Founders Ousted in Boardroom Showdown |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/11/aptera-founders-ousted-in-boardroom-showdown/|work=Wired|date=November 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name=Wert2009/>
In March 2009, the U.S. government denied loans to Aptera Motors under the [[Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program]], due to wording that limited loans to four-wheeled-vehicle research and production.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/autopia/2009/03/aptera-legislat/ |title=Tri, Tri Again for Aptera 3-Wheeler Loan From Feds &#124; Autopia |magazine=Wired |date= March 11, 2009|access-date=October 25, 2009 |first=Chuck |last=Squatriglia| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091113173941/http://www.wired.com/autopia/2009/03/aptera-legislat/| archive-date= November 13, 2009 | url-status= live}}</ref> After successfully lobbying to change the regulations,<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Squatriglia |first1=Chuck |title=Obama Says Aptera's 3-Wheeler Is a Car |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/10/aptera-doe/|magazine=Wired|date=2009-10-30 |access-date=2020-02-25}}</ref> in October 2009, the company reapplied for a $184 million loan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Korzeniewski |first=Jeremy |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/10/30/aptera-officialy-resubmits-application-for-doe-loan/ |title=Aptera officially resubmits application for DOE loan – Autoblog Green |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |date=October 30, 2009 |access-date=September 6, 2010}}</ref><ref name="apteraforum.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.apteraforum.com/showthread.php?t=4211 |title=April 14 Press Release |date=April 14, 2010 |access-date=April 15, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707154247/http://www.apteraforum.com/showthread.php?t=4211 |archive-date=July 7, 2011 }}</ref> In November 2009 the company laid off employees, and both Fambro and Anthony left the company.<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Siry|first1=Darryl|title=Aptera Founders Ousted in Boardroom Showdown |url=https://www.wired.com/2009/11/aptera-founders-ousted-in-boardroom-showdown/|magazine=Wired|date=November 15, 2009}}</ref><ref name=Wert2009/>


The automotive X-prize competition was held in 2010 and Aptera's car entered but didn't finish the 50-lap trial, as its car overheated after 30 laps.<ref>{{cite news|title=Automotive X Prize: Why some teams failed|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2010/09/automotive-x-prize-why-some-teams-failed/index.htm|work=Consumer Reports News|date=September 23, 2010}}</ref>
The automotive X-prize competition was held in 2010 and Aptera's car entered but didn't finish the 50-lap trial, as its car overheated after 30 laps.<ref>{{cite news|title=Automotive X Prize: Why some teams failed|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2010/09/automotive-x-prize-why-some-teams-failed/index.htm|work=Consumer Reports News|date=September 23, 2010}}</ref>

Revision as of 22:03, 5 February 2022

Aptera Motors Corp.
Company typePrivate company
IndustryAutomotive
Founded2005; 19 years ago (2005)
Founders
  • Steven P. Fambro (Co-CEO)
  • Chris L. Anthony (Co-CEO)
  • Michael Johnson
Headquarters
San Diego, California
,
United States
Area served
worldwide (planned)
Key people
  • Jason Hill (Design)
  • Nathan Armstrong (Mechanical Engineering)
  • Brian Gallagher (Autopilot & Interface Systems)
  • Sarah Hardwick (Marketing)
ProductsAptera solar EV
Revenue0 (2021)
-US$4,188,983 (2020)
Total assetsUS$3,363,000 (2021)
Number of employees
60 (2022)
Websiteaptera.us

Aptera Motors (formerly Accelerated Composites) is an American startup high-efficiency car company based in San Diego, California.

The original company, Aptera Motors, Inc., was founded in 2005 and liquidated in 2011.

In 2019, Aptera Motors was re-formed by the original founders, Chris Anthony and Steve Fambro, as Aptera Motors Corp.[1] It used a crowdfunding campaign[2] to restart development of what is touted as the most highly efficient road vehicle in the world.[1]

The original Aptera Motors' design was a three-wheeled two-seat vehicle named the Aptera 2 Series. The marketed fuel efficiency of 300 mpg‑US (0.78 L/100 km), when plugged in every 120 miles (190 km), would have made it one of the most fuel-efficient passenger vehicles in the world.[3]

As of 2019, the Aptera had been redesigned to be a pure battery-powered electric vehicle (BEV) using under 100Wh per mile on the EPA test cycle, with a marketed EPA test-cycle range of 1,000 miles (1,600 km), with solar panels that could add up to 40 miles of range per day. This makes the Aptera the most efficient and the longest-range motor vehicle ever designed for mass production.[1][4]

On December 4, 2020, the company revealed the new Aptera EV prototype, releasing model and option details with prices, and opened pre-orders.[5] Within eight days they received deposits for over 3,000 Aptera vehicles, valued at over $100,000,000.[6][7] Within 7 weeks the company received deposits for over $200,000,000 worth of vehicles.[8]

In their December 2021 video update, the company revealed they had over 15,000 reservation holders, over 8,000 investors, had started construction in their newly acquired 80,000 square foot factory space, and were "confident we will be able to begin supplying vehicles in the later part of 2022."[9]

A month later in January 2022 the San Diego Business Journal reported[10] their reservations had grown to over 16,000, their employees had doubled to 60 and they were looking to hire 470 more by the end of the year.

Founders Steve Fambro and Chris Anthony with the first 2020 Aptera EV prototype
The Aptera "Never Charge" EV profile
Aptera EV overhead view showing the 700 watts worth of solar cells.

Planned models

Aptera Solar Electric Vehicle

Main article: Aptera (solar electric vehicle)

As of 2019, the first planned production Aptera is a two-seat, three-wheeled passenger battery electric vehicle (BEV). Its design includes two, 50 KW wheel hub motors with an EPA-test-cycle estimated range of over 1,000 miles (1,600 km), from a 100 KWh battery pack.

This estimated range was achieved by using lightweight resin composite materials in a body with a unique aerodynamic design. The resulting vehicle is estimated to require less than 100 Wh of energy per mile, making it about 2.5 times as energy efficient as a Tesla Model 3, with half the Model 3's passenger capacity but more cargo space than the Model 3.[11]

Embedded solar cells have been designed to contribute an estimated additional 41 miles per day from sunlight under optimal conditions.[4] ApteraUS/> Since most drivers drive less than 30 miles per day,[12] this feature would let many drivers to rarely plug-in to charge. The Aptera is thus marketed as the world's first "Never Charge" EV.[4] The company's web site features a calculator to estimate how often their owners would need to charge an Aptera, based on where they live and how much they drive.

Multiple solar panel, motor, and battery configurations are planned, with estimated ranges from 250 to 1000 miles, initially priced from $25,900 to over $47,000.[13]

All versions will be speed-limited to 110 mph.[14][15]

4-wheeled, 5- or 6-passenger Aptera

Aptera Motors has stated in the timeline on its web site that it will begin design of a full-sized 6-passenger vehicle in the second half of 2020.[4] However, in a more recent interview, the founders said their next vehicle will be a 4-wheeled, 5 passenger car.[16]

Production plans

Aptera Motors published on their WeFunder page an investor presentation, dated July, 2020, with a production plan projecting Aptera first availability in the 2nd quarter of 2021.[17] On December 4, 2020, Aptera Motors revealed the first solar-powered Aptera prototype.[18] On the same day, Chris Anthony wrote, "Delivery for early orders is end of 2021".[19] On January 11, 2021, he added, "If we can raise funds effectively and COVID doesn't continue to be a significant impediment, we should be able to deliver 4 to 6 thousand units in 2022."[20] That timeline remained unchanged at the end of 2021 in a Road and Track article[21] and company update.[22] In January 2022, Pablo Ucar, Aptera’s Vice President of Production and Procurement, was quoted saying "We’ll start by producing our first few hundred vehicles, our Paradigm Editions. As our supply chain becomes more established, we’ll ramp to 250 per month, and eventually reach our target of producing 40 vehicles per day."[23]. The company's Frequently Asked Question page still states first customer deliveries as happening in "late 2022" when last checked.[24]


Production Plan Lead Time
Statement Date Production Start Lead Time Units
July 2020 Summer 2021 ~ 1 year 5,000 in first year
December 2020 EOY 2021 ~ 1 year 5,000 in first year
January 2021 2022 ~ 1 year 4,000 - 6,000 in first year
December 2021 late 2022 ~ 1 year --
January 2022 late 2022 < 1 year Ramping from 250 per month to 40 per day in 2023[10]

History

The company was founded by Steve Fambro in 2006 and was originally named "Accelerated Composites"; Fambro had formerly worked at Illumina as an electrical engineer. Fambro hired Chris Anthony to be the COO shortly after founding the company.[25]

In 2006, the company announced it had a three-wheeled car design that would get an estimated 330 miles per US gallon (0.71 L/100 km) at 65 mph (105 km/h) and in March 2007, it showed a prototype called the typ-1 at the TED Conference.[26] The typ-1 model had been classified as a motorcycle.[25] By that time the company had changed its name to Aptera,[26] which is Greek for "wingless", a nod to their light-aircraft-inspired design and construction techniques.[27] However, Aptera Motors maintains that Aptera translates to "wingless flight". Later that year, Aptera signed up to participate in the Progressive Insurance Automotive X Prize.[28] It planned to offer an all-electric vehicle and a hybrid.[25]

In 2008, Aptera Motors hired several industry veterans to oversee engineering and production as well as marketing, and raised $24 million from Google, Idealab, Esenjay, the Simons family, and the Beall Family Trust. When the company announced the funding, it said it would start to sell its car by the end of the year.[29] Near the end of year, it hired Paul Wilbur as CEO, and Fambro stepped down as CEO and assumed the title of Chief Technical Officer. Shortly after Wilbur joined the company, it announced that the launch of the car would be delayed until 2009.[29] By that time, it was calling the "typ-1" the "2e".[29]

In March 2009, the U.S. government denied loans to Aptera Motors under the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program, due to wording that limited loans to four-wheeled-vehicle research and production.[30] After successfully lobbying to change the regulations,[31] in October 2009, the company reapplied for a $184 million loan.[32][33] In November 2009 the company laid off employees, and both Fambro and Anthony left the company.[34][29]

The automotive X-prize competition was held in 2010 and Aptera's car entered but didn't finish the 50-lap trial, as its car overheated after 30 laps.[35]

On August 12, 2011, Aptera Motors started to return deposits from customers.[36] and in December 2011, it announced that it was going out of business because it was running out of money; it said that the Department of Energy had offered it a $150 million low interest loan conditioned on the company raising the same amount from the private sector, but the company was not able to raise the matching funds. A New York Times reporter contacted the DoE, which said that it had not committed to loaning the company any money.[37] By that time, the company had abandoned the three-wheeled model and was working on a mid-sized four-wheeled four-door sedan.[37] Also by the time, 60,000 people had expressed interest to the company in buying a 2e, and 2,000 of them had paid a $500 deposit.[38]

In April 2012, the Chinese automaker Zhejiang Jonway Group purchased the intellectual property of Aptera from creditors, and in May, it announced that it would start manufacturing the 2e at its factory in Shanghai and intended to ship chassis to a small assembly plant, initially employing 15-20 people, that it would set up in Santa Rosa, with sales commencing in early 2013. Jonway was a major investor in Zap Jonway, which had been working on electric cars in Santa Rosa since the mid-1990s. The company originally was going to name the US company "Zaptera USA" and it displayed a prototype 2e next to a Zap Jonway car at the Beijing Motor Show; the close association with Zap was met with protest by electric-car enthusiasts and by May, the company said it would call the company Aptera USA and would keep it separate from Zap Jonway.[38]

In June 2013, Zaptera USA said it would split into two companies: the existing Jonway-owned Zaptera USA, and an independent Aptera USA; Zaptera would make the all-electric 2e and Aptera would make a gasoline-powered version called the 2g.[39] However, by mid-May the following year, those new Aptera companies had gone silent.[40]

Then in 2019, Aptera Motors was re-formed under the leadership of the original founders, Chris Anthony and Steve Fambro, as Aptera Motors Corp.[1] It then began a crowdfunding campaign[2] to restart development and production of what is touted to be the most efficient road vehicle in the world.[1]

In February 2020, the company announced it had raised enough funding to see the Aptera EV into production by the end of 2020.[41] In a May 2020 update, the company announced it had increased its engineering team from 15 to 60 people worldwide, in 5 locations around the US and in 5 countries around the world.[42]

In 2021 they acquired 3 buildings in Carlsbad, CA, with a combined space of over 100,000 square feet.[43] This factory space will enable them to ramp up manufacturing to a plannd rate of 40 vehicles per day, which works out to 10,000 vehicles per year.[44]

However, COVID has caused delays getting parts for the prototypes and getting the prototypes built. In September 2021 Chris Anthony stated, “COVID has not made our life easy. But we hope to build 5000 vehicles in 2022, and we believe that is feasible.”[21]

Historic vehicles

Aptera Motors' vehicle design has undergone several design revisions, summarized here. The first two vehicles were intended as concept cars for soliciting investment money rather than production vehicles. The third vehicle, the Aptera 2e, was intended for production, but the funding required was not achieved.

Aptera Mk-0
Overview
ManufacturerAptera Motors, Inc.
Productionno (technology demonstrator)
AssemblyUnited States
Body and chassis
ClassSubcompact
Body style2-door three-wheeled car
Powertrain
EngineDiesel: 9 kW (12 hp)
Electric: 19 kW (25 hp)
TransmissionCVT
Dimensions
Wheelbase1,625 mm (64 in)
Length4,394 mm (173 in)
Curb weight386 kg (851 lb)
Chronology
Predecessorunnamed homebuilt prototype
SuccessorAptera 2e

Initial design & rendering

Aptera's introductory press release stated their design would achieve 330 mpg, and included computer renderings of the proposed vehicle. The body shape was initially estimated to have a drag coefficient of Cd=0.055 to 0.06, and would have sported a 12 horsepower (9 kW) diesel engine and a 24 horsepower (18 kW) permanent magnet DC motor. The design also called for a CVT and ultracapacitors, and sell for under US$20,000.[45]

Aptera Mk-0

The Mk-0 technology-demonstration vehicle was built to confirm the effectiveness of the design, and in the words of co-founder Chris Anthony, “just to show people that we weren't full of crap.”[46] Due to its higher-than-expected drag coefficient of 0.11, it only achieved 230 mpg‑US (1.0 L/100 km) at 55 mph (89 km/h). The target price was unchanged at “around $20,000.”

Aptera Typ-1 / Aptera Mk-1

Aptera Typ-1

In September 2007, the Aptera Motors website was updated with information on the new Aptera design (dubbed the Aptera Typ-1), and the Mk-1 pre-production prototype was unveiled. The Mk-0 prototype was redesigned by Jason Hill, who worked on the Smart Fortwo and Porsche Carrera GT and engineered by Nathan Armstrong,[47] with a finished interior and new body styling. At this time, Aptera Motors started to take reservations from residents of California for its pilot models – then called the Typ-1e and Typ-1h.[48] A gasoline engine was used, due to the way diesel emissions are calculated.[49]

In February 2008, the Mk-1 was featured in an advertisement for Touchstone Energy Cooperatives.[50]

In late 2008, Aptera announced that the Aptera Typ-1 would receive several design changes and would be renamed the Aptera 2e. Differences included front-wheel drive, the addition of side-view mirrors, a redesigned interior, and consolidating the rear-view cameras into a wide-angle “fin” on the roof.[51][52]

Aptera 2 Series

Main article: Aptera 2 Series

The Aptera 2 Series was to be a two-seat, three-wheeled passenger vehicle. It was planned to be available in both all-electric (2e) and series hybrid (2h) configurations, at prices ranging from mid-twenty to mid-forty thousand dollars.[53] By mid-2008, aerodynamic optimization using simulations and light-weight composite construction yielded a prototype which allegedly consumed only 80 Wh/mi (watt hours per mile) (50 Wh/km) at 55 mph (89 km/h), less than half the energy needed to propel the EV1 or the Tesla.[54] The April 14, 2010 press release revised the design-intent vehicle-efficiency estimate to about 200 Wh/mi (125 Wh/km), 100-mile (160 km) range from a full 20 kWh battery pack, or around 200 mpg‑US (1.2 L/100 km) equivalent.[33] On the hybrid vehicle, it led to projections of 130 miles per US gallon (1.8 L/100 km) on gasoline alone, or 300 mpg‑US (0.78 L/100 km) if plugged in every 120 miles (190 km). Since then, the vehicle underwent a series of redesigns, including the addition of side mirrors and expansion of the interior space, however, retaining its three-wheel configuration and its aerodynamic teardrop shape. At the Automotive X-Prize, the entered prototype had a tested efficiency of 200 MPGe.

Aptera Motors emphasized that safety was not traded off for efficiency, citing crash-test simulations and component-crush testing[55] as indicating excellent survivability — on par with more conventional vehicles. The company folded before real-world crash test results were made.

The Aptera 2 Series featured optional roof-mounted solar panels for running a heat pump, always-on climate control, and keyless ignition and entry. An in-car touch-screen computer served as entertainment, navigation, and communication system. Side mirrors replaced rear-view cameras on the final prototypes, though one center-mounted camera remained.[56]

Aptera 4-door

By the time of the original company's liquidation in 2011, the company had abandoned development of the Aptera 2e and had started to design a 5-passenger, 4-wheeled EV sedan with a lightweight composite body and a projected 130-mile range. However, no body and only a few test mules for such a car were ever built.[37]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e Voelcker, John (2019-08-28). "Exclusive: 3-Wheeled Aptera Reboots as World's Most Efficient Electric Car". IEEE Spectrum. IEEE. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Invest in Aptera Motors". Wefunder. Retrieved November 12, 2019.
  3. ^ Baker, Billy (September 1, 2006). "The Race to 100 MPG". Popular Science. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
  4. ^ a b c d "Aptera Motors Corp. | Electric Vehicles". Aptera. Aptera Motors Corp. Retrieved January 4, 2020.
  5. ^ Hardwick, Sarah (2020-12-04). "Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle". Aptera_Motors. Retrieved 2020-12-06.
  6. ^ Anthony, Chris (2020-12-12). "$100 Million in Orders & a Viral Video". Wefunder. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  7. ^ Sensiba, Jennifer (2020-12-14). "Aptera Is Getting A Lot of Orders For Its "Never Charge" EV". CleanTechnica. Retrieved 2020-12-30.
  8. ^ Anthony, Chris (2021-02-22). "Aptera - Ask a Question". wefunder.com. Retrieved 2021-02-05.
  9. ^ Aptera Update — December 2021, retrieved 2021-12-22
  10. ^ a b "Aptera Scaling Up for Big 2022". San Diego Business Journal. Retrieved 2022-02-01.
  11. ^ "Aptera, it's HUGE! Surfboards, kayaks, or luggage, it carries them all with ease!". shoutout.wix.com. Aptera Motors Corp. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  12. ^ "National Household Travel Survey Daily Travel Quick Facts | Bureau of Transportation Statistics". www.bts.gov. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  13. ^ Hardwick, Sarah (2020-12-04). "Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle". Aptera_Motors. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
  14. ^ Anthony, Chris (2019-09-14). "Aptera - Ask a Question". Wefunder. Wefunder Inc. Retrieved 2020-01-14.
  15. ^ Ruffo, Gustavo (2019-08-30). "Aptera Reveals Resurrection Details, Tech Specs: No Plans To Die Again". InsideEVs. Retrieved 2020-11-11.
  16. ^ Oswal, Rajal (2020-02-24). "Aptera Founders". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-19. Retrieved 2020-03-22.
  17. ^ "Aptera - Modernizing Vehicle Design & Manufacturing - INVESTOR PRESENTATION" (PDF). Wefunder. Aptera Motors. p. 18. Retrieved 2020-09-20 – via cloudfront.net.
  18. ^ Hardwick, Sarah (2020-12-04). "Aptera Reveals First Never Charge Solar Vehicle". Aptera_Motors. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  19. ^ Anthony, Chris (2020-12-04). "Aptera - Ask a Question". wefunder.com. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  20. ^ Anthony, Chris (2021-01-11). "Aptera - Ask a Question". wefunder.com. Retrieved 2021-01-15.
  21. ^ a b Baime, A. J. (2021-12-17). "The Solar-Powered Aptera Aims to See the Light of Day". Road & Track. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  22. ^ "Aptera Update — December 2021". Aptera. 2021-12-22. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  23. ^ https://inhabitat.com/aptera-upgrades-unique-solarcharging-ev/
  24. ^ "FAQs Archive". Aptera. Retrieved 2022-01-25.
  25. ^ a b c Bradley, Fikes (September 25, 2007). "Prototype gets 300 mpg, company says, qualifies for car-pool lane". North County Times. Archived from the original on June 8, 2008.
  26. ^ a b Melanson, Donald (March 14, 2007). "Aptera takes wraps off 200 MPG prototype car". Engadget.
  27. ^ "Aptera's 3-wheeler looks as if it could soar". San Francisco Chronicle. April 16, 2008. Retrieved August 2, 2008.
  28. ^ "Automotive X PRIZE Announces First 30+ Teams in Multimillion Dollar Competition for 100 MPGe Vehicles". Automotive X Prize. August 1, 2007. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008.
  29. ^ a b c d Wert, Ray (November 16, 2009). "Aptera Founders Ousted in Boardroom Showdown". Jalopnik.
  30. ^ Squatriglia, Chuck (March 11, 2009). "Tri, Tri Again for Aptera 3-Wheeler Loan From Feds | Autopia". Wired. Archived from the original on November 13, 2009. Retrieved October 25, 2009.
  31. ^ Squatriglia, Chuck (2009-10-30). "Obama Says Aptera's 3-Wheeler Is a Car". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  32. ^ Korzeniewski, Jeremy (October 30, 2009). "Aptera officially resubmits application for DOE loan – Autoblog Green". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  33. ^ a b "April 14 Press Release". April 14, 2010. Archived from the original on July 7, 2011. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
  34. ^ Siry, Darryl (November 15, 2009). "Aptera Founders Ousted in Boardroom Showdown". Wired.
  35. ^ "Automotive X Prize: Why some teams failed". Consumer Reports News. September 23, 2010.
  36. ^ John Voelcker (August 13, 2011). "Futuristic Electric-Car Dream Dead? Aptera To Refund Deposits". Green Car Reports. Retrieved August 13, 2011.
  37. ^ a b c Jim Motavalli (December 2, 2011). "Unable to Raise Financing, Aptera Shuts Down". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  38. ^ a b Jeff Quackenbush (May 7, 2012). "Santa Rosa said to be home for reborn Aptera electric roadster". North Bay Business Journal. Retrieved January 22, 2013.
  39. ^ Coxworth, Ben (June 10, 2013). "New company set to resurrect the Aptera automobile". New Atlas.
  40. ^ Sloan, Jeff. "Where Are They Now?". CompositesWorld. Gardner Business Media, Inc. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
  41. ^ Anthony, Chris (2020-02-28). "Aptera just closed a $2M private round!". Wefunder. Wefunder Inc. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  42. ^ "The Aptera Family is Growing FAST!". Wefunder. 2020-05-15. Retrieved 2020-05-15.
  43. ^ Ruffo, Gustavo Henrique (2021-11-08). "Aptera Plans Micro-Factories and IPO in Nine to Eighteen Months". autoevolution. Retrieved 2021-12-21.
  44. ^ Aptera Meet The Team — Pablo Ucar, retrieved 2021-12-21
  45. ^ "330 MPG! Aptera Hybrid Promises Amazing Mileage for Less Than $20,000". Edmunds.com. January 20, 2006. Archived from the original on October 10, 2006. Retrieved November 22, 2007.
  46. ^ "An Aptera guided tour: the factory". Aptera Motors. April 30, 2008. Archived from the original on June 3, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
  47. ^ Eric, Hagerman (December 20, 2007). "1 Gallon of Gas, 100 Miles – $10 Million: The Race to Build the Supergreen Car". Wired Magazine. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved April 1, 2008.
  48. ^ Ackerman, Evan (September 28, 2007). "OhGizmo! » Archive » Aptera Electric/Hybrid Car On Pre-Order for $500". OhGizmo!. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved May 13, 2008.
  49. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". Aptera Motors. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved January 19, 2008.
  50. ^ "YouTube – Change Rolls Into Town". Touchstone Energy Cooperatives. March 6, 2008. Archived from the original on January 26, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
  51. ^ "Aptera Newsletter 11/19/2008". Aptera Motors. November 19, 2008. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved December 13, 2008.
  52. ^ "Aptera Newsletter 1]2/19/2008". Aptera Motors. December 19, 2008. Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved December 26, 2008.
  53. ^ Aptera FAQ's Archived May 7, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 12/30/2008
  54. ^ Kates, David (March 4, 2008). "YouTube – Aptera CEO Steve Fambro". AlternativeEnergy.com. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
  55. ^ "Aptera Safety". Archived from the original on May 10, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  56. ^ Newsletter 11/19/08 Archived January 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine

Aptera Motors 2021 Annual Report, https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1786471/000164460021000040/Aptera2021AnnualReportFinal.pdf

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