Asian Brazilians: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Brazilians of Asian birth or descent}} |
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Revision as of 18:06, 6 February 2022
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Total population | |
---|---|
2,084,288 1.09% of Brazilian population identified as amarela (yellow) in the 2010 census[nt 1][1][2] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Mainly in São Paulo and Paraná | |
Languages | |
Predominantly Portuguese, Arabic, Chinese dialects, Japanese, Macanese Patois, Korean, Vietnamese, Indonesian, Konkani, Gujarati, Marathi,Bengali, Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) and Tamil | |
Religion | |
Majority Christian:[3] 61.2% Roman Catholicism, 13.3% Protestantism, 12.5% Non-religious, 0.8% other Christian beliefs[4] Minority: Buddhism, Judaism, Shintoism and Shinto-derived Japanese new religions, Taoism, Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism and Druze[5] |
Asian Brazilians (Template:Lang-pt) refers to Brazilian citizens or residents of Asian ancestry. The vast majority trace their origins to Western Asia, particularly Lebanon,[6] or East Asia, namely Japan. The Brazilian census does not use "Asian" as a racial category, though the term "yellow" (amarela in Portuguese) refers to those of East Asian origin. Beyond the descendants from West Asia and East Asia, there has also been much smaller immigration from Southeast Asia and South Asia, as well as those from the Asian diaspora in the Caribbean and Mozambique.
Due to the census categories, the exact number of Brazilians with Asian ancestry remains unknown. In the 2000 census, only 761,000 Brazilians declared themselves to be yellow, an increase of 173.7% in ten years. This big increase was initially explained as a result of an increase in the migration of East Asians to Brazil, the return of Brazilian decasséguis from Japan, and an increase in the reaffirmation of ethnic identity, just as it happened among other races in Brazil, such as the browns and the blacks. However, as Revista Veja found out, in the last IBGE census, many people who have no East Asian origin were classified as yellow in the census, especially in the state of Piauí. This inflated the real number of people of East Asian ancestry living in Brazil.[citation needed]
History
Recent research has suggested that Asians from the early Portuguese Eastern Empire, known as Luso-Asians first came to Brazil during the sixteenth century as seamen known as Lascars, or as servants, slaves and concubines accompanying the governors, merchants and clergy who has served in Portuguese Asia.[7] This first presence of Asians was limited to Northeast Brazil, especially Bahia, but others were brought as cultivators, textile workers and miners to Para and other parts of the Northeast. These Asians intermarried people of European and African ancestry and left a legacy in the food, early art and boat-making traditions of the Northeast.
The first substantial Asian immigration to Brazil were a small number of Chinese people (3,000) during the colonial period as coolie slaves. Later, significant immigration from Asia to Brazil would start in the late 19th century, when immigration from Lebanon and Syria became important. Until 1922, Levantine immigrants were considered "Turks", as they carried passports issued by the Turkish Ottoman Empire, which then ruled over present-day Lebanon.[8] Various estimates for Lebanese ancestry in Brazil place them at about 7 million.[9][10]
Another important Asian immigrant group to Brazil were from Japan. The first Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil in 1908. Until the 1950s, more than 250 thousand Japanese immigrated to Brazil. Currently, the Japanese-Brazilian population is estimated at 2.1 million people. It is the largest ethnic Japanese population outside Japan, followed closely by the Japanese community in the United States. Other East Asian groups are also significant in Brazil. The Korean Brazilian population is estimated to be 50,000, and the Chinese Brazilian population around 250,000. Over 70% of Asian Brazilians are concentrated in the state of São Paulo. There are significant populations in Paraná, Pará, Mato Grosso do Sul, and other parts of Brazil.
Japanese immigration to Brazil
State | Percentage |
---|---|
São Paulo | 73% |
Paraná | 20% |
Mato Grosso do Sul | 2.5% |
Pará | 1.2% |
Japanese in Brazil
Ethnic group | Period | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1904-1913 | 1914-1923 | 1924-1933 | 1945-1949 | 1950-1954 | 1955-1959 | |||||
Japanese | 11,868 | 20,398 | 110,191 | 12 | 5,447 | 28,819 |
See also
- Arab Brazilians
- Chinese Brazilians
- Bangladeshi immigration to Brazil
- Indian immigration to Brazil
- Japanese Brazilians
- Korean Brazilians
- Lebanese Brazilians
- Vietnamese Brazilians
- Filipino immigration to Brazil
Notes
- ^ The exact number of Asian descendants remains unknown. Brazil's census does not officially use the term "Asian" as a racial category, instead using the term amarela (yellow) in reference to East Asians. Older estimates for other Asian communities in Brazil, particularly the Lebanese-Brazilian community, make up an estimated 7 million people.
References
- ^ 2010 Census (in Portuguese). O Globo. 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-30.
- ^ The Japan Times Online
- ^ Adital - Brasileiros no Japão Archived 2007-03-29 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ (in Portuguese) Study Panorama of religions. Fundação Getúlio Vargas, 2003.
- ^ Brazil
- ^ Petruccelli, Jose Luis; Saboia, Ana Lucia. "Caracteristicas Etnico-raciais da Populacao Classificacoes e identidades" (PDF). IBGE. p. 53. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
descendentes e os asiáticos – japoneses, chineses, coreanos, libaneses, sírios, entre outros
- ^ East in the West: Investigating the Asian presence and influence in Brazil from the 16th to 18th centuries. By Clifford Pereira, in Proceedings of the 2nd Asia-Pacific regional Conference on Underwater Cultural Heritage. Ed. Hans Van Tilberg, Sila Tripati, Veronica Walker, Brian Fahy and Jun Kimura. Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA. May 2014.
- ^ Recopilaron casi 200 años de los sirio libaneses en Argentina Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affaires". Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ^ "Lebanon: Geography". Embassy of Lebanon in Brazil (in Portuguese). 1996. Archived from the original on 29 May 2008.
- ^ "Estatísticas do Povoamento" [Population Statistics]. IBGE. Archived from the original on 9 August 2007.