Archidamus II: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|King of Sparta, c. 476–427 BC}} |
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{{more footnotes|date=March 2013}} |
{{more footnotes|date=March 2013}} |
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[[File:Archidamos II 1629 woodprint.jpg|thumb|Archidamos II. 1629 woodprint.]] |
[[File:Archidamos II 1629 woodprint.jpg|thumb|Archidamos II. 1629 woodprint.]] |
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'''Archidamus II''' ({{lang-grc|Ἀρχίδαμος |
'''Archidamus II''' ({{lang-grc-gre|Ἀρχίδαμος}} {{transl|grc|Archidamos}}) was a [[Eurypontid]] king of [[Sparta]] who reigned from approximately 476 BC to 427 BC. His father was [[Zeuxidamus]] (called Cyniscos by many [[Sparta]]ns). Zeuxidamus married and had a son, Archidamus. However, Zeuxidamus died before his father, [[Leotychidas]]. |
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After the death of his son and heir, Leotychidas married Eurydame, the sister of [[Menius]] and daughter of [[Diactorides]]. While they had no male offspring, they did have a daughter, Lampito, whom Leotychidas gave in marriage to his grandson Archidamus. They had a son [[Agis II]]. |
After the death of his son and heir, Leotychidas married Eurydame, the sister of [[Menius]] and daughter of [[Diactorides]]. While they had no male offspring, they did have a daughter, Lampito, whom Leotychidas gave in marriage to his grandson Archidamus. They had a son [[Agis II]]. |
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Archidamus' later second marriage was to Eupoleia. The [[Ephor |
Archidamus' later second marriage was to Eupoleia. The [[Ephor]]s objected to this union, arguing that due to Eupolia's short stature, “She will bear us kinglets instead of kings”. He married her nonetheless and was for that fined by the Ephors.<ref>{{Cite web|last=thehistorianshut|date=2018-06-09|title=King Archidamus II Was Fined By The Spartan Ephors Because They Thought His Wife Was Too Short|url=https://thehistorianshut.com/2018/06/09/king-archidamus-ii-was-fined-by-the-spartan-ephors-because-they-thought-his-wife-was-too-short/|access-date=2021-11-18|website=The Historian's Hut|language=en-US}}</ref> |
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To them were born a son, [[Agesilaus II]], and a daughter, [[Cynisca]]. |
To them were born a son, [[Agesilaus II]], and a daughter, [[Cynisca]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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==External links== |
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* [https://www.livius.org/ap-ark/archidamus/archidamus_ii.html Archidamus II] from [http://www.livius.org Livius.Org] |
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{{s-start}} |
{{s-start}} |
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{{s-bef|before=[[Leotychidas]]}} |
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{{ |
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of kings of Sparta#Eurypontid dynasty|Eurypontid King of Sparta]]|years=476–427 BC}} |
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{{s-aft|after=[[Agis II]]}} |
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{{s-end}} |
{{s-end}} |
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{{Kings of Sparta}} |
{{Kings of Sparta}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Archidamus 02}} |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Archidamus 02}} |
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[[Category:Eurypontid kings of Sparta]] |
[[Category:Eurypontid kings of Sparta]] |
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[[Category:5th-century BC Spartans]] |
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[[Category:5th-century BC rulers]] |
[[Category:5th-century BC rulers]] |
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[[Category:Spartans of the Peloponnesian War]] |
[[Category:Spartans of the Peloponnesian War]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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Revision as of 18:07, 7 February 2022
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (March 2013) |
Archidamus II (Template:Lang-grc-gre Archidamos) was a Eurypontid king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 476 BC to 427 BC. His father was Zeuxidamus (called Cyniscos by many Spartans). Zeuxidamus married and had a son, Archidamus. However, Zeuxidamus died before his father, Leotychidas.
After the death of his son and heir, Leotychidas married Eurydame, the sister of Menius and daughter of Diactorides. While they had no male offspring, they did have a daughter, Lampito, whom Leotychidas gave in marriage to his grandson Archidamus. They had a son Agis II.
Archidamus' later second marriage was to Eupoleia. The Ephors objected to this union, arguing that due to Eupolia's short stature, “She will bear us kinglets instead of kings”. He married her nonetheless and was for that fined by the Ephors.[1]
To them were born a son, Agesilaus II, and a daughter, Cynisca.
Rule
Archidamus ascended the Spartan throne after his grandfather, Leotychidas, was banished around 476 BC after being accused of bribery.
Archidamus was one of the kings of Sparta in the years preceding the Peloponnesian War. His coolness and presence of mind are said to have saved the Spartan state from destruction on the occasion of the great earthquake of 464 BC, but this story must be regarded as at least doubtful.[2]
In 446 BC he reached agreement with Pericles on the Thirty Years' Peace between Athens and Sparta, bringing an end to the First Peloponnesian War, which had been raging since c. 460 BC. (with the possible exception of a 5-years peace established in 451BCE).
During the negotiations that preceded the Peloponnesian War, he did his best to prevent, or at least to postpone, the inevitable struggle, but was overruled by the war party. He invaded Attica at the head of the Peloponnesian forces in the summers of 431 BC, 430 BC and 428 BC, and in 429 BC conducted operations against Plataea. He died probably in 427 BC, certainly before the summer of 426 BC, and was succeeded on the Spartan throne by his son, Agis II.[2]
Quotes
According to Thucydides in speeches attributed to Archidamus at the famous Debate at Sparta in 432 BC.[3]
"If we begin the war in haste, we'll have many delays before we end it, owing to our lack of preparation."
See also
References
- ^ thehistorianshut (2018-06-09). "King Archidamus II Was Fined By The Spartan Ephors Because They Thought His Wife Was Too Short". The Historian's Hut. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
- ^ a b One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Tod, Marcus Niebuhr (1911). "Archidamus s.v. 2". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 367.
- ^ Woodruff, Paul (1993). Thucydides on Justice, Power and Human Nature. Indianapolis, USA: Hackett.
