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Born in [[London]],<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1214/ss/1177012600| title = A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett| year = 1989| last1 = Olkin | first1 = I. | journal = Statistical Science| volume = 4| issue = 2| pages = 151–163| doi-access = free}}</ref> Bartlett was raised in a poor family but won a scholarship to [[Latymer Upper School]] in [[Hammersmith]], where he was inspired to the study of [[statistics]] by a chapter in Hall and Knight's ''Algebra''. In 1929, he won a scholarship to [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] where he read [[mathematics]], graduating with the rank of [[Wrangler (University of Cambridge)|wrangler]]. He attended lectures on statistics by [[John Wishart (statistician)|John Wishart]], on [[theory of relativity|relativity]] by [[Arthur Eddington]] and on [[quantum mechanics]] by [[Paul Dirac]]. In one of his lectures Wishart described his geometric derivation of the Wishart distribution. Overnight Bartlett worked out a proof using characteristic functions. Bartlett was Wishart's first post-graduate student and they wrote two papers together. This was the beginning of Bartlett's involvement with multivariate analysis. During his Queens years, he [[rowing (sport)|rowed]] for the college.<ref name="Williams2006">{{cite book|author=Wiiliams, Richard H.|author2=Zimmerman, Donald W.|author3=Ross, Donald C.|author4=Zumbo, Bruno D.|chapter=Chapter 11. Maurice Bartlett: Time Series and Multivariate Statistics|title=Twelve British Statisticians|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2aPig4bwX0gC&pg=PA72|year=2006|publisher=Bitingduck Press LLC|isbn=978-1-932482-44-7|pages=72–76}}</ref>
Born in [[London]],<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1214/ss/1177012600| title = A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett| year = 1989| last1 = Olkin | first1 = I. | journal = Statistical Science| volume = 4| issue = 2| pages = 151–163| doi-access = free}}</ref> Bartlett was raised in a poor family but won a scholarship to [[Latymer Upper School]] in [[Hammersmith]], where he was inspired to the study of [[statistics]] by a chapter in Hall and Knight's ''Algebra''. In 1929, he won a scholarship to [[Queens' College, Cambridge]] where he read [[mathematics]], graduating with the rank of [[Wrangler (University of Cambridge)|wrangler]]. He attended lectures on statistics by [[John Wishart (statistician)|John Wishart]], on [[theory of relativity|relativity]] by [[Arthur Eddington]] and on [[quantum mechanics]] by [[Paul Dirac]]. In one of his lectures Wishart described his geometric derivation of the Wishart distribution. Overnight Bartlett worked out a proof using characteristic functions. Bartlett was Wishart's first post-graduate student and they wrote two papers together. This was the beginning of Bartlett's involvement with multivariate analysis. During his Queens years, he [[rowing (sport)|rowed]] for the college.<ref name="Williams2006">{{cite book|author=Wiiliams, Richard H.|author2=Zimmerman, Donald W.|author3=Ross, Donald C.|author4=Zumbo, Bruno D.|chapter=Chapter 11. Maurice Bartlett: Time Series and Multivariate Statistics|title=Twelve British Statisticians|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2aPig4bwX0gC&pg=PA72|year=2006|publisher=Bitingduck Press LLC|isbn=978-1-932482-44-7|pages=72–76}}</ref>


In 1933, Bartlett was recruited by [[Egon Pearson]] to the new statistics department at [[University College, London]]. Pearson was already working with [[Jerzy Neyman]]. Also in the college were [[Ronald A. Fisher]] and [[J. B. S. Haldane]]. Bartlett was stimulated by all of them, most of all by the work of Fisher, criticising some of it (for example, [[fiducial inference]]) while developing other parts (for example [[conditional inference]]). Relations between the two men fluctuated; sometimes Bartlett was in Fisher's good books, but often not. In 1934, Bartlett became statistician at the [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]] agricultural research station at Jealott's Hill. Not only did he deal with practical problems but he worked on statistical theory, as well as on problems in [[genetics]] but he became interested in the characterisation of [[Intelligence (trait)|intelligence]]. He remembered Jealott's Hill as the best working environment of his career. Bartlett left ICI for the [[University of Cambridge]] in 1938 but at the outset of [[World War II]] was mobilised into the [[Ministry of Supply (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Supply]], conducting [[rocket]] research alongside [[Frank Anscombe]], [[David George Kendall|David Kendall]] and [[Patrick Alfred Pierce Moran|Pat Moran]].
In 1933, Bartlett was recruited by [[Egon Pearson]] to the new statistics department at [[University College, London]]. Pearson was already working with [[Jerzy Neyman]]. Also in the college were [[Ronald A. Fisher]] and [[J. B. S. Haldane]]. Bartlett was stimulated by all of them, most of all by the work of Fisher, criticising some of it (for example, [[fiducial inference]]) while developing other parts (for example [[conditional inference]]). Relations between the two men fluctuated; sometimes Bartlett was in Fisher's good books, but often not. In 1934, Bartlett became statistician at the [[Imperial Chemical Industries|ICI]] agricultural research station at [[Jealott's_Hill]]. Not only did he deal with practical problems but he worked on statistical theory, as well as on problems in [[genetics]] but he became interested in the characterisation of [[Intelligence (trait)|intelligence]]. He remembered Jealott's Hill as the best working environment of his career. Bartlett left ICI for the [[University of Cambridge]] in 1938 but at the outset of [[World War II]] was mobilised into the [[Ministry of Supply (United Kingdom)|Ministry of Supply]], conducting [[rocket]] research alongside [[Frank Anscombe]], [[David George Kendall|David Kendall]] and [[Patrick Alfred Pierce Moran|Pat Moran]].


After the war Bartlett's renewed Cambridge work focused on [[time-series analysis]] and [[stochastic process]]. With [[José Enrique Moyal|Jo Moyal]] he planned a large book on probability, but the collaboration did not work out and Bartlett went ahead and published his own book on stochastic processes. He made a number of visits to the United States. In 1947 he became professor of mathematical statistics at the [[School of Mathematics, University of Manchester|University of Manchester]] where he not only developed his interests in [[epidemiology]] but also served as an able and active administrator. In 1960, he took up the chair of statistics at [[University College, London]] before serving the last eight years of his academic life as professor of biomathematics at the [[University of Oxford]]. He retired in 1975.
After the war Bartlett's renewed Cambridge work focused on [[time-series analysis]] and [[stochastic process]]. With [[José Enrique Moyal|Jo Moyal]] he planned a large book on probability, but the collaboration did not work out and Bartlett went ahead and published his own book on stochastic processes. He made a number of visits to the United States. In 1947 he became professor of mathematical statistics at the [[School of Mathematics, University of Manchester|University of Manchester]] where he not only developed his interests in [[epidemiology]] but also served as an able and active administrator. In 1960, he took up the chair of statistics at [[University College, London]] before serving the last eight years of his academic life as professor of biomathematics at the [[University of Oxford]]. He retired in 1975.

Revision as of 08:17, 10 February 2022

M. S. Bartlett
Born(1910-06-18)18 June 1910
London, England
Died8 January 2002(2002-01-08) (aged 91)
Exmouth, Devon, England
NationalityBritish
Alma materUniversity of Cambridge
AwardsGuy Medal (Silver, 1952) (Gold, 1969)
Weldon Memorial Prize (1971)
Fellow of the Royal Society[1]
Scientific career
Doctoral advisorJohn Wishart
Doctoral studentsDavid George Kendall
Maurice Priestley
Alladi Ramakrishnan

Maurice Stevenson Bartlett FRS[1] (18 June 1910 – 8 January 2002) was an English statistician who made particular contributions to the analysis of data with spatial and temporal patterns. He is also known for his work in the theory of statistical inference and in multivariate analysis.[2][3][4][5]

Biography

Born in London,[6] Bartlett was raised in a poor family but won a scholarship to Latymer Upper School in Hammersmith, where he was inspired to the study of statistics by a chapter in Hall and Knight's Algebra. In 1929, he won a scholarship to Queens' College, Cambridge where he read mathematics, graduating with the rank of wrangler. He attended lectures on statistics by John Wishart, on relativity by Arthur Eddington and on quantum mechanics by Paul Dirac. In one of his lectures Wishart described his geometric derivation of the Wishart distribution. Overnight Bartlett worked out a proof using characteristic functions. Bartlett was Wishart's first post-graduate student and they wrote two papers together. This was the beginning of Bartlett's involvement with multivariate analysis. During his Queens years, he rowed for the college.[7]

In 1933, Bartlett was recruited by Egon Pearson to the new statistics department at University College, London. Pearson was already working with Jerzy Neyman. Also in the college were Ronald A. Fisher and J. B. S. Haldane. Bartlett was stimulated by all of them, most of all by the work of Fisher, criticising some of it (for example, fiducial inference) while developing other parts (for example conditional inference). Relations between the two men fluctuated; sometimes Bartlett was in Fisher's good books, but often not. In 1934, Bartlett became statistician at the ICI agricultural research station at Jealott's_Hill. Not only did he deal with practical problems but he worked on statistical theory, as well as on problems in genetics but he became interested in the characterisation of intelligence. He remembered Jealott's Hill as the best working environment of his career. Bartlett left ICI for the University of Cambridge in 1938 but at the outset of World War II was mobilised into the Ministry of Supply, conducting rocket research alongside Frank Anscombe, David Kendall and Pat Moran.

After the war Bartlett's renewed Cambridge work focused on time-series analysis and stochastic process. With Jo Moyal he planned a large book on probability, but the collaboration did not work out and Bartlett went ahead and published his own book on stochastic processes. He made a number of visits to the United States. In 1947 he became professor of mathematical statistics at the University of Manchester where he not only developed his interests in epidemiology but also served as an able and active administrator. In 1960, he took up the chair of statistics at University College, London before serving the last eight years of his academic life as professor of biomathematics at the University of Oxford. He retired in 1975.

After his retirement Bartlett remained active in statistics, visiting the Institute of Advanced Studies at the Australian National University several times. He had married Sheila, daughter of C. E. Chapman, in 1957, the couple parenting a daughter. Bartlett died in Exmouth, Devon.

Bartlett is known for Bartlett's method for estimating power spectra and Bartlett's test for homoscedasticity.

Honours

References

  1. ^ a b Whittle, P. (2004). "Maurice Stevenson Bartlett. 18 June 1910 – 8 January 2002: Elected F.R.S. 1961". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 50: 15. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2004.0002.
  2. ^ Gani, J. (2002). "Professor M. S. Bartlett FRS, 1910–2002". Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. 51 (3): 399–402. doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00327.
  3. ^ Armitage, P. (2005). "Bartlett, Maurice Stevenson". Encyclopedia of Biostatistics. doi:10.1002/0470011815.b2a17003. ISBN 047084907X.
  4. ^ Gani, J. (2002). "Obituary: Maurice Stevenson Bartlett". Journal of Applied Probability. 39 (3): 664–670. doi:10.1239/jap/1034082138.
  5. ^ M. S. Bartlett at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
  6. ^ Olkin, I. (1989). "A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett". Statistical Science. 4 (2): 151–163. doi:10.1214/ss/1177012600.
  7. ^ Wiiliams, Richard H.; Zimmerman, Donald W.; Ross, Donald C.; Zumbo, Bruno D. (2006). "Chapter 11. Maurice Bartlett: Time Series and Multivariate Statistics". Twelve British Statisticians. Bitingduck Press LLC. pp. 72–76. ISBN 978-1-932482-44-7.

Works

Books

Selected papers

  • (1933) with John Wishart, The distribution of second order moment statistics in a normal system. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 28, 455–459.
  • (1933) On the theory of statistical regression. Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh, 53, 260–283.
  • (1933) Probability and chance in the theory of statistics. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A 141 518–534.
  • (1934) The vector representation of a sample. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc., 30, 327–340.
  • (1936) Statistical information and properties of sufficiency. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A 154, 124–137.
  • (1937) Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Proc. Royal Soc. Lond. A, 160, 268–282. (reprinted with an introduction by D. A. S. Fraser S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (eds) Breakthroughs in Statistics, volume 1. Springer, New York. 1992.)
  • (1938) Methods of estimating mental factors. Nature, 141, 609–610.
  • (1939) A note on tests of significance in multivariate analysis, in Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society
  • (1941) The statistical significance of canonical correlation. Biometrika.
  • (1947) The use of transformations. Biometrics.
  • (1948) Internal and external factor analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry.
  • (1949) Fitting a straight line when both variables are subjects to error. Biometrics.
  • (1949) The statistical significance of "dispersed hits" in card-guessing experiments. Proceedings of the Society for Psychical Research, 48, 336–338.
  • (1950) Tests of significance in multivariate analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology.
  • (1950) Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 3, 77–85.

Autobiography

  • Ingram Olkin (1989) A Conversation with Maurice Bartlett, Statistical Science, 4, 151–163.
  • "Chance and Change" in J. Gani (ed) (1982) The Making of Statisticians, New York: Springer-Verlag.

Several statisticians, including Bartlett, give their life stories.

For Bartlett's correspondence with Fisher see

There are photographs at

Professional and academic associations
Preceded by President of the Manchester Statistical Society
1959–60 		Succeeded by
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