Plesiosaur size: Difference between revisions
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==Plesiosaurs== |
==Plesiosaurs== |
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The longest known plesiosauroid was Elasmosaurus at |
The longest known plesiosauroid was Elasmosaurus at 10.3 metres (46 feet) long. |
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===Longest plesiosaurs=== |
===Longest plesiosaurs=== |
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Revision as of 01:21, 27 February 2022
 | This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Outdated information, poor wording. (December 2016) |
Plesiosaurs are a clade of extinct marine reptiles.
Record sizes
In general, plesiosaurians varied in adult length from between 1.5 metres (5 ft) to about 15 metres (49 ft). The group thus contained some of the largest marine apex predators in the fossil record, roughly equalling the longest ichthyosaurs, mosasaurids, sharks and toothed whales in size. Some plesiosaurian remains, such as a 2.9 metres (10 ft) long set of highly reconstructed and fragmentary lower jaws preserved in the Oxford University Museum and referable to Pliosaurus rossicus (previously referred to Stretosaurus[1] and Liopleurodon), indicated a length of 13 metres (43 ft).[2] However, it was recently argued that its size cannot be currently determined due to their being poorly reconstructed. MCZ 1285, a specimen currently referable to Kronosaurus queenslandicus, from the Early Cretaceous of Australia, was estimated to have a skull length of 2.85 m (9 ft).[3]
Plesiosaurs
The longest known plesiosauroid was Elasmosaurus at 10.3 metres (46 feet) long.
Longest plesiosaurs
- Elasmosaurus platyurus: 10.3 m (34 ft)[4]
- Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae: 7.8 m (26 ft)[4]
Heaviest plesiosaurs
- Elasmosaurus platyurus: 2 t (2.0 long tons; 2.2 short tons)[4]
Pliosaurs
Longest pliosaurs
- The NHM symphysis: 9.1–15.1 m (30–50 ft)[2]
- The Peterborough vertebra: 11.6–14.2 m (38–47 ft)[2](hypothetical)
- Pliosaurus rossicus/Pliosaurus macromerus: 11.4–12.7 m (37–42 ft)[2]
- Monster of Aramberri: 11.7–12.4 m (38–41 ft)[2][5]
- Pliosaurus funkei: 10–13 m (33–43 ft)[6]
- Pliosaurus kevani: 10–13 m (33–43 ft)[3]
- Kronosaurus queenslandicus: 10.5–10.9 m (34–36 ft)[2]
Heaviest pliosaurs
- The NHM symphysis: 7–32 t (6.9–31.5 long tons; 7.7–35.3 short tons)[2]
- The Peterborough vertebra: 14.6–26.6 t (14.4–26.2 long tons; 16.1–29.3 short tons)[2](hypothetical)
- Pliosaurus rossicus/Pliosaurus macromerus: 19.2 t (18.9 long tons; 21.2 short tons)[2]
- Monster of Aramberri: 14.9–17.8 t (14.7–17.5 long tons; 16.4–19.6 short tons)[2]
- Pliosaurus funkei: 10.6–17 t (10.4–16.7 long tons; 11.7–18.7 short tons)[6]
- Pliosaurus kevani: 10.6–17 t (10.4–16.7 long tons; 11.7–18.7 short tons)[3]
- Kronosaurus queenslandicus: 10.6–12.1 t (10.4–11.9 long tons; 11.7–13.3 short tons)[2]
References
- ^ Tarlo, L.B.H. (1959). "Stretosaurus gen nov., a giant pliosaur from the Kimmeridge Clay". Palaeontology. 2 (2): 39–55.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k McHenry, Colin Richard (2009). "Devourer of Gods: the palaeoecology of the Cretaceous pliosaur Kronosaurus queenslandicus" (PDF): 1–460.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Benson, R. B. J.; Evans, M.; Smith, A. S.; Sassoon, J.; Moore-Faye, S.; Ketchum, H. F.; Forrest, R. (2013). Butler, Richard J (ed.). "A Giant Pliosaurid Skull from the Late Jurassic of England". PLOS ONE. 8 (5): e65989. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...865989B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065989. PMC 3669260. PMID 23741520.
- ^ a b c O'Gorman, J.P. (2016). "A Small Body Sized Non-Aristonectine Elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia with Comments on the Relationships of the Patagonian and Antarctic Elasmosaurids". Ameghiniana. 53 (3): 245–268. doi:10.5710/AMGH.29.11.2015.2928. S2CID 133139689.
- ^ Eberhard Frey and Wolfgang Stinnesbeck Plesiosaurs, Reptiles between Grace and Awe In: Héctor E. Rivera-Sylva, Kenneth Carpenter, Eberhard Frey (2014) Dinosaurs and Other Reptiles from the Mesozoic of Mexico, Indiana University Press, p.88
- ^ a b "A new species of Pliosaurus (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) from the Middle Volgian of central Spitsbergen, Norway". Norwegian Journal of Geology. 92 (2–3): 235–258. 2012. ISSN 0029-196X.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) Low resolution pdf[permanent dead link] High resolution pdf[permanent dead link]