Bahun: Difference between revisions

Bahun
Khas Brahmin
	A Bahun (Brahmin) priest in Nepal
Regions with significant populations
Nepal	3,226,903 12.2% of Nepal (2011)
Languages
	Nepali (Khas-Kura), Dotyali, Sanskrit
Religion
	Hinduism 99.56% (2011)

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Bahun (Template:Lang-ne) or Khas Brahmin^[2] (Template:Lang-ne) is a caste (Varna) among Khas people of Nepal. Their origins are from Indo-Aryans Khasa tribe of Nepal and South Asia. According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahun is the second most populous group after Chhetri, another Varna within the hill Hindus in Nepal.^[3]

According to 1854 Muluki Ain (Nepalese Legal Code), Bahuns were regarded as caste among sacred thread bearers (Tagadhari) and twice-born Hindus.^[4]

Origin

Traditionally, Bahuns were members of the Khas community together with Chhetris (Khas Kshatriyas).^[2] Possibly due to political power of the Khasa Malla kingdom, Khas Bahun and Khas Rajput (Chhetris) had high social status as indigenous plain Brahmins and Rajputs in the present-day western Nepal.^[2] Bahuns, regarded as upper class Khas group together with Chhetri, were associated mostly with the Gorkha Kingdom.^[5]^[5]^[6] Bahuns were original inhabitants of Karnali region of Nepal. The immigration of Brahmins into Nepal increased significantly from 1324 and continued upto 1769 due to the foreign invasion in the western portion of the Indian subcontinent.^[7]^{[dubious – discuss]}

Clans

Bahuns were divided into two clans on the basis of residency. The Bahun residents east of Mahakali river were known as Purbiya Bahun and west of the river were known as Kumai Bahun.^[8] Kumai or Kumain is a direct derivative of Kumaoni, meaning residents of Kumaon.^[8] Some Family names of Bahuns include Acharya, Adhikari, Aryal, Baral, Bhatta, Bhattarai, Devkota, Dhakal, Dhungana, Dhungel, Dhital, Dahal, Ghimire, Gyawali, Gautam, Kafle, Khanal, Khatiwada, Kandel, Koirala, Lamasal, Mishra, Nepal, Niraula, Ojha, Pyakurel, Parajuli, Pandey, Panta, Pokharel, Paudel, Regmi, Rimal, Rijal, Silwal, Subedi, Sedai, Saptkota, Thapaliya, Timilsina, Tripathi, Tiwari, Upreti, Wagle etc. ^{[citation needed]}

Demography

According to the 2011 Nepal census, Bahuns (referred as Hill-Brahmin) are the second most populous group after Chhetri with 12.2% of Nepal's population (or 32,26,903 people).^[9] Bahun are the second largest Hindu group with a population of 3,212,704 (99.6% of Bahuns).^[9] Bahuns are the largest group in 15 districts in Nepal: Jhapa, Morang, Kathmandu, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Kaski, Syangja, Parbat, Gulmi and Arghakhanchi. Among these, Bahuns in Parbat (35.7%), Arghakhanchi (32.8%), Syangja (30.9%), Chitwan (28.6%), Kaski (27.8%) and Gulmi (25.2%) consist more than 25% of the district population. Kathmandu has largest Bahun population with 410,126 people (23.5%).^[9]

Bahuns have the highest civil service representation with 39.2% of Nepal's bureaucracy while having only 12.1% of Nepal's total population. The civil service representation to population ratio is 3.2 times for Bahuns which is fourth in Nepal. Chhetris represent 5.6 times in civil services to their percentage of population, which is the highest in Nepal.^[10] As per the Public Service Commission, Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in F.Y. 2017-18 even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, other caste and tibetan tribes, people with disability and those from the backward regions.^[11] Similarly, in the fiscal 2018–19, Bahuns (34.87%) and Chhetris (19.63%) maintained 55% of their proportion in civil service as per Public Service Commission.^[12]

Notable people

References

^ "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-04-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c John T Hitchcock 1978, pp. 116–119.
^ "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF).
^ Sherchan 2001, p. 14.
^ ^a ^b Whelpton 2005, p. 31.
^ {{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal%7Ctitle=Nepal -
^ Witzel 1993, p. 266.
^ ^a ^b Subba 1989, p. 30.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2019-11-26.
^ Dhakal, Amit (11 June 2014). "निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण". Setopati.
^ "Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs". kathmandupost.com.
^ "Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service". kathmandupost.com.
^ "Chabilal Upadhyaya - Wikipedia". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2021-04-17.
^ Raj, Prakash A. (2006). Dancing Democracy: The power of a Third Eye. Rupa & Company. ISBN 9788129109460.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Girija Prasad Koirala: The architect of democracy in Nepal". Dawn. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ Westminster legacies. UNSW Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-86840-848-4. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
^ "Flight of a free bird". My Republica. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ Goldenberg, Suzanne (4 May 1999). "Man Mohan Adhikari". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^ "CPN Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal elected as 39th Prime Minister of Nepal". Xinhuanet. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
^ "Prachanda elected Prime Minister of Nepal". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
^ "CPN-UML Comrades Apart". Spotlight Nepal Magazine. Retrieved 2017-12-13.
^ "Caste no bar". Nepali Times. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2018.

Bibliography

Dor Bahadur Bista (1991). Fatalism and Development: Nepal's Struggle for Modernization. Orient Blackswan. ISBN 978-81-250-0188-1.
Subba, Tanka Bahadur (1989). Dynamics of a hill society: Nepalis in Darjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas. Mittal Publications. ISBN 9788173041143.
John T Hitchcock (1978). "An Additional Perspective on the Nepali Caste System". In James F. Fisher (ed.). Himalayan Anthropology: The Indo-Tibetan Interface. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-90-279-7700-7.
Richard Burghart (1984). "The Formation of the Concept of Nation-State in Nepal". The Journal of Asian Studies. 44 (1): 101–125. doi:10.2307/2056748. JSTOR 2056748.
Whelpton, John (2005). A History of Nepal. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521804707.
Sherchan, Sanjay (2001). Democracy, pluralism and Change: An Inquiry into Nepalese context. Chhye Pahhuppe. ISBN 9789993354390.
Nepala Rajakiya Pragya Pratisthana (2001). Journal of Nepalese Literature, Art and Culture. Vol. 4. Nepal: Royal Nepal Academy.
Witzel, Michael (1993). "Toward a History of the Brahmins". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 113: 264–268. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 603031.

[cbsb-1] "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2017-04-09.

[FOOTNOTEJohn_T_Hitchcock1978116–119-2] John T Hitchcock 1978, pp. 116–119.

[cbs2-3] "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF).

[FOOTNOTESherchan200114-4] Sherchan 2001, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEWhelpton200531-5] Whelpton 2005, p. 31.

[6] {{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Nepal%7Ctitle=Nepal -

[FOOTNOTEWitzel1993266-7] Witzel 1993, p. 266.

[FOOTNOTESubba198930-8] Subba 1989, p. 30.

[cbs-9] "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2019-11-26.

[10] Dhakal, Amit (11 June 2014). "निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण". Setopati.

[11] "Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs". kathmandupost.com.

[12] "Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service". kathmandupost.com.

[13] "Chabilal Upadhyaya - Wikipedia". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2021-04-17.

[14] Raj, Prakash A. (2006). Dancing Democracy: The power of a Third Eye. Rupa & Company. ISBN 9788129109460.

[dawn-15] "Girija Prasad Koirala: The architect of democracy in Nepal". Dawn. 23 March 2010. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[16] Westminster legacies. UNSW Press. 2005. ISBN 978-0-86840-848-4. Retrieved 2009-05-15.

[myrepublica-17] "Flight of a free bird". My Republica. 7 March 2011. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[18] Goldenberg, Suzanne (4 May 1999). "Man Mohan Adhikari". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2017.

[19] "CPN Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal elected as 39th Prime Minister of Nepal". Xinhuanet. Retrieved 2017-12-13.

[20] "Prachanda elected Prime Minister of Nepal". The Hindu. Retrieved 2017-12-13.

[21] "CPN-UML Comrades Apart". Spotlight Nepal Magazine. Retrieved 2017-12-13.

[22] "Caste no bar". Nepali Times. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 12 February 2018.

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 ==Demography==
-According to the [[2011 Nepal census]], Bahuns (referred as Hill-Brahmin) are the second most populous group after khasas/Chhetri with 12.2% of Nepal's population (or 32,26,903 people).<ref name="cbs">{{Cite web|url=http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918043750/http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bahun are the second largest [[Hindu]] group with a population of 3,212,704 (99.6% of Bahuns).<ref name="cbs"/> Bahuns are the largest group in 15 districts in Nepal: [[Jhapa district|Jhapa]], [[Morang district|Morang]], [[Kathmandu district|Kathmandu]], [[Chitwan district|Chitwan]], [[Nawalparasi district|Nawalparasi]], [[Rupandehi district|Rupandehi]], [[Kaski district|Kaski]], [[Syangja district|Syangja]], [[Parbat district|Parbat]], [[Gulmi district|Gulmi]] and [[Arghakhanchi district|Arghakhanchi]]. Among these, Bahuns in [[Parbat district|Parbat]] (35.7%), [[Arghakhanchi district|Arghakhanchi]] (32.8%), [[Syangja district|Syangja]] (30.9%), [[Chitwan district|Chitwan]] (28.6%), [[Kaski district|Kaski]] (27.8%) and [[Gulmi district|Gulmi]] (25.2%) consist more than 25% of the district population. [[Kathmandu district|Kathmandu]] has largest Bahun population with 410,126 people (23.5%).<ref name="cbs"/>
+According to the [[2011 Nepal census]], Bahuns (referred as Hill-Brahmin) are the second most populous group after Chhetri with 12.2% of Nepal's population (or 32,26,903 people).<ref name="cbs">{{Cite web|url=http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|title=Nepal Census 2011|access-date=2019-11-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918043750/http://cbs.gov.np/image/data/Population/Population%20Monograph%20of%20Nepal%202014/Population%20Monograph%20V02.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-18|url-status=dead}}</ref> Bahun are the second largest [[Hindu]] group with a population of 3,212,704 (99.6% of Bahuns).<ref name="cbs"/> Bahuns are the largest group in 15 districts in Nepal: [[Jhapa district|Jhapa]], [[Morang district|Morang]], [[Kathmandu district|Kathmandu]], [[Chitwan district|Chitwan]], [[Nawalparasi district|Nawalparasi]], [[Rupandehi district|Rupandehi]], [[Kaski district|Kaski]], [[Syangja district|Syangja]], [[Parbat district|Parbat]], [[Gulmi district|Gulmi]] and [[Arghakhanchi district|Arghakhanchi]]. Among these, Bahuns in [[Parbat district|Parbat]] (35.7%), [[Arghakhanchi district|Arghakhanchi]] (32.8%), [[Syangja district|Syangja]] (30.9%), [[Chitwan district|Chitwan]] (28.6%), [[Kaski district|Kaski]] (27.8%) and [[Gulmi district|Gulmi]] (25.2%) consist more than 25% of the district population. [[Kathmandu district|Kathmandu]] has largest Bahun population with 410,126 people (23.5%).<ref name="cbs"/>
-Bahuns have the highest civil service representation with 39.2% of Nepal's bureaucracy while having only 12.1% of Nepal's total population. The civil service representation to population ratio is 3.2 times for Bahuns which is fourth in Nepal. khasa/Chhetris represent 5.6 times in civil services to their percentage of population, which is the highest in Nepal.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Amit|last=Dhakal|url=http://archive.setopati.com/raajneeti/12636/|title= निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण|date=11 June 2014|newspaper= Setopati}}</ref> As per the [[Public Service Commission (Nepal)|Public Service Commission]], Brahmins (33.3%) and khasa/Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in [[Fiscal year|F.Y.]] 2017-18 even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, other caste and tibetan tribes, people with disability and those from the backward regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/10/16/brahmins-and-chhetris-land-most-government-jobs|title=Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref> Similarly, in the fiscal 2018–19, Bahuns (34.87%) and khasas/Chhetris (19.63%) maintained 55% of their proportion in civil service as per Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/11/12/brahmins-and-chhetris-continue-to-dominate-entry-into-civil-service|title=Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref>
+Bahuns have the highest civil service representation with 39.2% of Nepal's bureaucracy while having only 12.1% of Nepal's total population. The civil service representation to population ratio is 3.2 times for Bahuns which is fourth in Nepal. Chhetris represent 5.6 times in civil services to their percentage of population, which is the highest in Nepal.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Amit|last=Dhakal|url=http://archive.setopati.com/raajneeti/12636/|title= निजामती सेवामा सबैभन्दा बढी प्रतिनिधित्व राजपूत, कायस्थ र तराई ब्राम्हण|date=11 June 2014|newspaper= Setopati}}</ref> As per the [[Public Service Commission (Nepal)|Public Service Commission]], Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in [[Fiscal year|F.Y.]] 2017-18 even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, other caste and tibetan tribes, people with disability and those from the backward regions.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/miscellaneous/2018/10/16/brahmins-and-chhetris-land-most-government-jobs|title=Brahmins and Chhetris land most government jobs|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref> Similarly, in the fiscal 2018–19, Bahuns (34.87%) and Chhetris (19.63%) maintained 55% of their proportion in civil service as per Public Service Commission.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2019/11/12/brahmins-and-chhetris-continue-to-dominate-entry-into-civil-service|title=Brahmins and Chhetris continue to dominate entry into civil service|website=kathmandupost.com}}</ref>
 ==Notable people==