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'''Slovenia''' is situated at the crossroads of [[Central Europe|central]] and [[southeast Europe]], touching the [[Alps]] and bordering the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The Alps—including the [[Julian Alps]], the [[Kamnik Alps|Kamnik]]-[[Savinja Alps]] and the [[Karawanks|Karawank]] chain, as well as the [[Pohorje]] massif—dominate northern Slovenia along its long border to [[Austria]]. [[Slovenia]]'s [[Adriatic sea|Adriatic]] coastline stretches approximately {{convert|47|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from [[Italy]] to [[Croatia]]. Its part south of Sava river belongs to Balkan peninsula – [[Balkans]].
'''Slovenia''' is situated at the crossroads of [[Central Europe|central]] and [[southeast Europe]], touching the [[Alps]] and bordering the [[Adriatic Sea]]. The Alps—including the [[Julian Alps]], the [[Kamnik Alps|Kamnik]]-[[Savinja Alps]] and the [[Karawanks|Karawank]] chain, as well as the [[Pohorje]] massif—dominate northern Slovenia along its long border to [[Austria]]. [[Slovenia]]'s [[Adriatic sea|Adriatic]] coastline stretches approximately {{convert|47|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} from [[Italy]] to [[Croatia]]. Its part south of Sava river belongs to Balkan peninsula – [[Balkans]].


The term ''[[karst]]'' originated in southwestern Slovenia's [[Karst Plateau]] ({{lang-sl|Kras}}), a [[limestone]] region of underground rivers, gorges, and caves, between [[Ljubljana]] and the [[Mediterranean]].
The term ''[[karst]]'' originated in southwestern Slovenia's [[Karst Plateau]] ({{lang-sl|Kras}}), a [[limestone]] region of underground rivers, gorges, and caves, between [[Ljubljana]] and the [[Mediterranean]].


On the [[Pannonian plain]] to the east and northeast, toward the [[Croatia]]n and [[Hungary|Hungarian]] borders, the landscape is essentially flat. However, the majority of Slovenian terrain is hilly or mountainous, with around 90% of the surface 200 meters or more above sea level.
On the [[Pannonian plain]] to the east and northeast, toward the [[Croatia]]n and [[Hungary|Hungarian]] borders, the landscape is essentially flat. However, the majority of Slovenian terrain is hilly or mountainous, with around 90% of the surface 200 meters or more above sea level.
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==Climate==
==Climate==
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map SVN present.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification]] types of Slovenia]]
[[File:Koppen-Geiger Map SVN present.svg|thumb|[[Köppen climate classification]] types of Slovenia]]
Humid subtropical climate (Cfa) on the coast, oceanic climate (Cfb) in most of Slovenia, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters (Dfb) in the plateaus and mountains on the north, subpolar (Dfc) and tundra (ET) climate above the treeline on the highest mountain peaks. Precipitation is high away from the coast, with the spring being particularly prone to rainfall. Slovenia's Alps have frequent snowfalls during the winter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geckogo.com/Guide/Slovenia/Natural-Environment/Climate/ |title=Slovenia Natural Environment |publisher=Geckogo.com |access-date=2012-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305004052/http://www.geckogo.com/Guide/Slovenia/Natural-Environment/Climate |archive-date=5 March 2010 |df=dmy }}</ref>
Humid subtropical climate (Cfa) on the coast, oceanic climate (Cfb) in most of Slovenia, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters (Dfb) in the plateaus and mountains on the north, subpolar (Dfc) and tundra (ET) climate above the treeline on the highest mountain peaks. Precipitation is high away from the coast, with the spring being particularly prone to rainfall. Slovenia's Alps have frequent snowfalls during the winter.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geckogo.com/Guide/Slovenia/Natural-Environment/Climate/ |title=Slovenia Natural Environment |publisher=Geckogo.com |access-date=2012-11-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305004052/http://www.geckogo.com/Guide/Slovenia/Natural-Environment/Climate |archive-date=5 March 2010 }}</ref>
<ref>[[:File:Slovenia K%C3%B6ppen.svg]]</ref>
<ref>[[:File:Slovenia K%C3%B6ppen.svg]]</ref>


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===International agreements===
===International agreements===
* '''Party to''': [[Air Pollution]], [[Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants]], [[Air Pollution-Sulphur 94]], [[Biodiversity]], [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]], [[Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]], [[Endangered Species]], [[Hazardous Wastes]], [[Law of the Sea]], [[Marine Dumping]], [[Nuclear Test Ban]], [[Ozone Layer Protection]], Ship Pollution ([[MARPOL 73/78]]), [[Wetlands]], [[Whaling]]
* '''Party to''': [[Air Pollution]], [[Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants]], [[Air Pollution-Sulphur 94]], [[Biodiversity]], [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|Climate Change]], [[Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol]], [[Endangered Species]], [[Hazardous Wastes]], [[Law of the Sea]], [[Marine Dumping]], [[Nuclear Test Ban]], [[Ozone Layer Protection]], Ship Pollution ([[MARPOL 73/78]]), [[Wetland]]s, [[Whaling]]
* '''Signed, but not ratified''':
* '''Signed, but not ratified''':


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== External links ==
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
{{commonscat}}
* [http://www.geopedia.si/ – Geodesic Institute of Slovenia – Detailed Topographic and Orthophoto maps of Slovenia]
* [http://www.geopedia.si/ – Geodesic Institute of Slovenia – Detailed Topographic and Orthophoto maps of Slovenia]



Revision as of 03:47, 12 March 2022

Slovenia is situated at the crossroads of central and southeast Europe, touching the Alps and bordering the Adriatic Sea. The Alps—including the Julian Alps, the Kamnik-Savinja Alps and the Karawank chain, as well as the Pohorje massif—dominate northern Slovenia along its long border to Austria. Slovenia's Adriatic coastline stretches approximately 47 km (29 mi) from Italy to Croatia. Its part south of Sava river belongs to Balkan peninsula – Balkans.

The term karst originated in southwestern Slovenia's Karst Plateau (Template:Lang-sl), a limestone region of underground rivers, gorges, and caves, between Ljubljana and the Mediterranean.

On the Pannonian plain to the east and northeast, toward the Croatian and Hungarian borders, the landscape is essentially flat. However, the majority of Slovenian terrain is hilly or mountainous, with around 90% of the surface 200 meters or more above sea level.

Map of Slovenia

Location

Slovenia's location is where southeastern and Central Europe meet, where the Eastern Alps border the Adriatic Sea between Austria and Croatia. The 15th meridian east almost corresponds to the middle line of the country in the direction west–east.[1]

Geographic coordinates

Aerial view of Lake Bled

Extreme geographical points of Slovenia:

The maximum north–south distance is 1°28' or 163 km (101 mi).
The maximum east–west distance is 3°13' or 248 km (154 mi).

The geometric centre of Slovenia (GEOSS) is located at 46°07′11.8″N 14°48′55.2″E / 46.119944°N 14.815333°E / 46.119944; 14.815333.

Since 2016, the geodetic system of Slovenia with the elevation benchmark of 0 m has its origin at the Koper tide gauge station. Until then, it referred to the Sartorio mole in Trieste (see metres above the Adriatic).[2]

Area

Mount Triglav
  • Total: 20,273 km2
  • Land: 20,151 km2
  • Water: 122 km2
  • Comparison: slightly smaller than New Jersey

Borders

  • Land boundaries
  • Coastline: 46.6 m (~ 47 km)
  • Maritime claims:

The entire Slovenian coastline is located on the Gulf of Trieste. Towns along the coastline include:

Regions

Historical regions

Slovenia is traditionally divided into eight regions.

The traditional Slovenian regions, based on the former division of Slovenia into the four Habsburg crown lands (Carniola, Carinthia, Styria, and the Littoral) and their parts, are:

The last two are usually considered together as the Littoral Region (Primorska). White Carniola (Bela krajina), otherwise part of Lower Carniola, is usually considered a separate region, as is the Central Sava Valley (Zasavje), which is otherwise a part of Upper and Lower Carniola and Styria.

Slovenian Littoral has no natural island, but there is a plan on building an artificial one.

Climate

Köppen climate classification types of Slovenia

Humid subtropical climate (Cfa) on the coast, oceanic climate (Cfb) in most of Slovenia, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters (Dfb) in the plateaus and mountains on the north, subpolar (Dfc) and tundra (ET) climate above the treeline on the highest mountain peaks. Precipitation is high away from the coast, with the spring being particularly prone to rainfall. Slovenia's Alps have frequent snowfalls during the winter.[3] [4]

Terrain

A short coastal strip on the Adriatic Sea, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east.

There is only one natural island in Slovenia: Bled Island in Lake Bled in the country's northwest. Lake Bled and Bled Island are Slovenia's most popular tourist destination.[5]

Elevation extremes

Natural resources

Lignite coal, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests

Land use

  • Arable land: 8.53%
  • Permanent crops: 1.43%
  • Other: 90.04% (2005)
  • Irrigated land: 100 km2 (2003)
  • Natural hazards: minor flooding and earthquakes

Environment

Current issues

The Sava River polluted with domestic and industrial waste; pollution of coastal waters with heavy metals and toxic chemicals; forest damage near Koper from air pollution (originating at metallurgical and chemical plants) and resulting acid rain.

International agreements

See also

References

  1. ^ Jenko, Marjan (2005). "O pomenu meridiana 15° vzhodno od Greenwicha" [About the Significance of the 15th Degree to the East of Greenwich Meridian] (PDF). Geodetski vestnik (in Slovenian). Vol. 49, no. 4. pp. 637–638. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  2. ^ a b "S pomočjo mareografske postaje v Kopru do novega geodetskega izhodišča za Slovenijo" [With the Help of a Tide Gauge Station in Koper to A New Geodetic Origin Point for Slovenia] (in Slovenian). Slovenian Environment Agency. 23 November 2016.
  3. ^ "Slovenia Natural Environment". Geckogo.com. Archived from the original on 5 March 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2012.
  4. ^ File:Slovenia Köppen.svg
  5. ^ "Slovenia to re-direct tourism at country's most popular tourist site". 22 December 2017.