Sunshine Protection Act: Difference between revisions
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[[Time zone]]s were first [[Standard time in the United States|introduced in the United States]] in 1883 by railroad companies.<ref name="TNY">{{cite news |last1=Burdick |first1=Alan |title=Can We Fix Daylight-Saving Time for Good? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-we-fix-daylight-saving-time-for-good |access-date=21 March 2021 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=12 March 2017 |language=en-us}}</ref> In 1918, they were codified into federal law by the [[Standard Time Act]], which also included a provision for nationwide [[daylight saving time]] modeled after European laws designed to save energy during [[World War I]], but that component was repealed a year later due to protests by farmers.<ref name="TNY" /> Many states subsequently introduced daylight saving time, and in 1966, the [[Uniform Time Act]] standardized the dates when it begins and ends.<ref name="TNY" /> Hawaii, most of Arizona, and the U.S. territories have [[Permanent time observation in the United States|opted to observe permanent standard time]],<ref name="NCSL">{{cite web |title=Daylight Saving Time {{!}} State Legislation |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/daylight-savings-time-state-legislation.aspx |publisher=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]] |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> but the Uniform Time Act forbids observation of permanent daylight saving time.<ref name="TNY" /> |
[[Time zone]]s were first [[Standard time in the United States|introduced in the United States]] in 1883 by railroad companies.<ref name="TNY">{{cite news |last1=Burdick |first1=Alan |title=Can We Fix Daylight-Saving Time for Good? |url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/can-we-fix-daylight-saving-time-for-good |access-date=21 March 2021 |work=[[The New Yorker]] |date=12 March 2017 |language=en-us}}</ref> In 1918, they were codified into federal law by the [[Standard Time Act]], which also included a provision for nationwide [[daylight saving time]] modeled after European laws designed to save energy during [[World War I]], but that component was repealed a year later due to protests by farmers.<ref name="TNY" /> Many states subsequently introduced daylight saving time, and in 1966, the [[Uniform Time Act]] standardized the dates when it begins and ends.<ref name="TNY" /> Hawaii, most of Arizona, and the U.S. territories have [[Permanent time observation in the United States|opted to observe permanent standard time]],<ref name="NCSL">{{cite web |title=Daylight Saving Time {{!}} State Legislation |url=https://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/daylight-savings-time-state-legislation.aspx |publisher=[[National Conference of State Legislatures]] |access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref> but the Uniform Time Act forbids observation of permanent daylight saving time.<ref name="TNY" /> |
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The [[Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act (1973)]] enacted year-round Daylight Saving Time for a two-year experiment between January 6, 1974 and April 7, 1975, but Congress later |
The [[Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act (1973)]] enacted year-round Daylight Saving Time for a two-year experiment between January 6, 1974 and April 7, 1975, but Congress later ended the experiment early on October 27, 1974 and did not make it permanent<ref name="mercurynews-dst-too-far">{{cite web|title=The year Daylight Saving Time went too far|date=October 30, 2016|publisher=San Jose Mercury News|author=Susan Steade|url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2016/10/30/the-year-daylight-saving-time-went-too-far/}}</ref> due to concerns about darkness on winter mornings.<ref name="New York Times 1974">{{Cite news |last=Ripley |first=Anthony |date=October 1, 1974 |title=Senate Votes Return to Standard Time For Four Months and Sends Bill to Ford |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/01/archives/senate-votes-return-to-standard-time-for-four-months-and-sends-bill.html?fbclid=IwAR33jixHqlknqxSoyHKQRH5N3-tif6Kf0CjO3XuYiz_AIdcaNfTQukRcbcw |access-date=March 15, 2022 |work=[[New York Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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Researchers have observed numerous ill effects of the annual transitions between daylight saving time and standard time. These include reduced worker productivity, increased [[heart attack]]s and [[stroke]]s, and increased [[traffic incident]]s.<ref name="TNY" /> Researchers have also observed ill effects of standard time compared to daylight saving time,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-19 |title=Time Well Spent: An Economic Analysis of Daylight Saving Time Legislation |url=http://wakeforestlawreview.com/2008/01/time-well-spent-an-economic-analysis-of-daylight-saving-time-legislation/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Wake Forest Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> including increased crime,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Doleac |first1=Jennifer L. |last2=Sanders |first2=Nicholas J. |title=Under the Cover of Darkness: How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Activity |journal=[[Review of Economics and Statistics]] |date=December 2015 |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=1093–1103 |doi=10.1162/REST_a_00547|s2cid=57566972 }}</ref> more frequent traffic incidents, increased prevalence of [[seasonal depression]],<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last1=Whelan |first1=Catherine |title=Some Senators Want Permanent Daylight Saving Time |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/13/976859476/some-senators-want-permanent-daylight-saving-time |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |date=13 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and greater [[Energy in the United States|energy usage]].<ref name="TNY" /> |
Researchers have observed numerous ill effects of the annual transitions between daylight saving time and standard time. These include reduced worker productivity, increased [[heart attack]]s and [[stroke]]s, and increased [[traffic incident]]s.<ref name="TNY" /> Researchers have also observed ill effects of standard time compared to daylight saving time,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-01-19 |title=Time Well Spent: An Economic Analysis of Daylight Saving Time Legislation |url=http://wakeforestlawreview.com/2008/01/time-well-spent-an-economic-analysis-of-daylight-saving-time-legislation/ |access-date=2022-03-07 |website=Wake Forest Law Review |language=en-US}}</ref> including increased crime,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Doleac |first1=Jennifer L. |last2=Sanders |first2=Nicholas J. |title=Under the Cover of Darkness: How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Activity |journal=[[Review of Economics and Statistics]] |date=December 2015 |volume=97 |issue=5 |pages=1093–1103 |doi=10.1162/REST_a_00547|s2cid=57566972 }}</ref> more frequent traffic incidents, increased prevalence of [[seasonal depression]],<ref name="NPR">{{cite news |last1=Whelan |first1=Catherine |title=Some Senators Want Permanent Daylight Saving Time |url=https://www.npr.org/2021/03/13/976859476/some-senators-want-permanent-daylight-saving-time |access-date=22 March 2021 |work=[[NPR]] |date=13 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> and greater [[Energy in the United States|energy usage]].<ref name="TNY" /> |
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Revision as of 03:26, 16 March 2022
.svg) | |
| Long title | A bill to make daylight savings time permanent, and for other purposes. |
|---|---|
| Enacted by | the 117th United States Congress |
| Sponsored by | Vern Buchanan (R‑FL 16th) Marco Rubio (R‑FL) |
| Number of co-sponsors | 23 |
| Codification | |
| Acts affected | Uniform Time Act |
| Legislative history | |
| |
The Sunshine Protection Act is a proposed United States federal law that would make U.S. daylight saving time permanent.[1][2][3]
Background
Time zones were first introduced in the United States in 1883 by railroad companies.[4] In 1918, they were codified into federal law by the Standard Time Act, which also included a provision for nationwide daylight saving time modeled after European laws designed to save energy during World War I, but that component was repealed a year later due to protests by farmers.[4] Many states subsequently introduced daylight saving time, and in 1966, the Uniform Time Act standardized the dates when it begins and ends.[4] Hawaii, most of Arizona, and the U.S. territories have opted to observe permanent standard time,[5] but the Uniform Time Act forbids observation of permanent daylight saving time.[4]
The Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act (1973) enacted year-round Daylight Saving Time for a two-year experiment between January 6, 1974 and April 7, 1975, but Congress later ended the experiment early on October 27, 1974 and did not make it permanent[6] due to concerns about darkness on winter mornings.[7]
Researchers have observed numerous ill effects of the annual transitions between daylight saving time and standard time. These include reduced worker productivity, increased heart attacks and strokes, and increased traffic incidents.[4] Researchers have also observed ill effects of standard time compared to daylight saving time,[8] including increased crime,[9] more frequent traffic incidents, increased prevalence of seasonal depression,[10] and greater energy usage.[4]
In the late 2010s, resolutions were passed in more than 30 states advocating for the federal government to abolish the annual transitions.[11]
Provisions
The Sunshine Protection Act would establish a permanent daylight saving time in the U.S., leading to later sunrises and sunsets during the four months in which most of the U.S. currently observes standard time, resulting in less sunlight in the morning hours and more sunlight in the evening ones. It would not mandate that the states and territories that observe permanent standard time switch to permanent daylight saving time.[3]
Legislative history
The Sunshine Protection Act was first introduced in 2018 by U.S. senator Marco Rubio (R‑FL), modeled after a 2018 Florida bill of the same name.[12] U.S. president Donald Trump tweeted that he would be willing to sign it,[13] but it failed to advance.[12] A reintroduction in 2019 by Vern Buchanan (R‑FL 16th) similarly failed.[12] The 2021 iteration was filed in the U.S. House of Representatives by Buchanan on January 4, 2021,[2] and in the U.S. Senate by Rubio on March 9, 2021.[14]
The bill received bipartisan support, and was cosponsored in the Senate by James Lankford (R‑OK), Roy Blunt (R‑MO), Sheldon Whitehouse (D‑RI), Ron Wyden, (D‑OR); Cindy Hyde-Smith, (R‑MS), Rick Scott (R‑FL), and Ed Markey (D‑MA).[3] It passed the Senate by unanimous consent on March 15, 2022.[15]
| Congress | Short title | Bill number(s) | Date introduced | Sponsor(s) | # of cosponsors | Latest status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 115th Congress | Sunshine Protection Act of 2018 | H.R. 5279 | March 14, 2018 | Vern Buchanan
(R‑FL 16th) |
3 | Died in committee |
| S. 2537 | March 12, 2018 | Marco Rubio
(R‑FL) |
0 | Died in committee | ||
| 116th Congress | Sunshine Protection Act of 2019 | H.R. 1556 | March 6, 2019 | Vern Buchanan
(R‑FL 16th) |
23 | Died in committee |
| S. 670 | March 6, 2019 | Marco Rubio
(R‑FL) |
13 | Died in committee | ||
| 117th Congress | Sunshine Protection Act of 2021 | H.R. 69 | January 4, 2021 | Vern Buchanan
(R‑FL 16th) |
33 | Referred to the Subcommittee on Consumer Protection and Commerce |
| S. 623 | March 9, 2021 | Marco Rubio
(R‑FL) |
15 | Passed the Senate on March 15, 2022, by unanimous consent |
References
- ^ Roop, Charles (March 16, 2021). "Permanent daylight saving time? What would it mean?". WCTV. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- ^ a b Ali, Shirin (March 11, 2021). "Senators once again introduce a bill to make Daylight Saving Time permanent". CNN. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- ^ a b c O'Kane, Caitlin (March 10, 2021). "Group of bipartisan senators pushes for permanent Daylight Saving Time". CBS News. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f Burdick, Alan (March 12, 2017). "Can We Fix Daylight-Saving Time for Good?". The New Yorker. Retrieved March 21, 2021.
- ^ "Daylight Saving Time | State Legislation". National Conference of State Legislatures. Retrieved March 26, 2021.
- ^ Susan Steade (October 30, 2016). "The year Daylight Saving Time went too far". San Jose Mercury News.
- ^ Ripley, Anthony (October 1, 1974). "Senate Votes Return to Standard Time For Four Months and Sends Bill to Ford". New York Times. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- ^ "Time Well Spent: An Economic Analysis of Daylight Saving Time Legislation". Wake Forest Law Review. January 19, 2008. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
- ^ Doleac, Jennifer L.; Sanders, Nicholas J. (December 2015). "Under the Cover of Darkness: How Ambient Light Influences Criminal Activity". Review of Economics and Statistics. 97 (5): 1093–1103. doi:10.1162/REST_a_00547. S2CID 57566972.
- ^ Whelan, Catherine (March 13, 2021). "Some Senators Want Permanent Daylight Saving Time". NPR. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- ^ Goble, Keith (March 8, 2019). "Action pursued in 30 states to end time changes". Land Line. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
- ^ a b c Derby, Kevin (March 10, 2021). "Marco Rubio, Rick Scott Bring Back Proposal to Make Daylight Saving Time Permanent in Florida". Florida Daily. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- ^ "Trump: Making daylight saving time permanent is 'OK with me'". Associated Press. March 11, 2019. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
- ^ "S.623 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): A bill to make daylight saving time permanent, and for other purposes". Congress.gov. United States Congress. March 9, 2021. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ Reichert, Corinne (March 15, 2022). "Senate Unanimously Passes Bill to Make Daylight Saving Time Permanent". CNET. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
