Jump to content

Falcataria falcata: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Short description|Species of legume}}
{{Speciesbox
{{Speciesbox
|image = Starr 070215-4478 Falcataria moluccana.jpg
|image=Starr 070215-4478 Falcataria moluccana.jpg
|image_caption = Specimen at [[Waihee-Waiehu, Hawaii|Waiehu]], [[Maui]]
|image_caption=Specimen at [[Waihee-Waiehu, Hawaii|Waiehu]], [[Maui]]
|genus = Falcataria
|genus=Falcataria
|species = falcata
|species=falcata
|authority = (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes
|authority=(Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes
|synonyms = *''Adenanthera falcata'' <small>L. </small>
|synonyms=*''Adenanthera falcata'' <small>L. </small>
*''Adenanthera falcataria'' <small>L. </small>
*''Adenanthera falcataria'' <small>L. </small>
*''Adenanthera falcatoria'' <small>L. [Spelling variant] </small>
*''Adenanthera falcatoria'' <small>L. [Spelling variant] </small>
Line 21: Line 21:
*''Paraserianthes falcataria'' subsp. ''falcataria'' <small>(L.) I.C.Nielsen </small>
*''Paraserianthes falcataria'' subsp. ''falcataria'' <small>(L.) I.C.Nielsen </small>
*''Paraserianthes falcataria'' subsp. ''fulva'' <small>(Lane-Poole) I.C.Nielsen </small>
*''Paraserianthes falcataria'' subsp. ''fulva'' <small>(Lane-Poole) I.C.Nielsen </small>
*''Paraserianthes falcatoria'' <small>(L.) I.C.Nielsen'' [Spelling variant] </small><ref name="Plantlist" />
*''Paraserianthes falcatoria'' <small>(L.) I.C.Nielsen'' [Spelling variant] </small><ref name="Plantlist" />
}}
}}


'''''Falcataria falcata''''' (syn. ''Falcataria moluccana''), commonly known as the '''Moluccan albizia''', is a species of fast-growing tree in the family [[Fabaceae]].<ref name ="CTAHR" /> It is native to the [[Maluku Islands]], [[New Guinea]] Island, the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] (in [[Papua New Guinea]]), and the [[Solomon Islands]]. It is cultivated for timber throughout [[South Asia]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n countries. This tree is considered to be invasive in [[Hawaii]], [[American Samoa]] and several other island nations in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Indian Ocean]]s.<ref name="WildlifeHI"/><ref name="ISSG"/> It is about 30m tall tree in nature with a massive trunk and an open crown.<ref name ="WildlifeHI"/>
'''''Falcataria falcata''''' (syn. ''Falcataria moluccana''), commonly known as the '''Moluccan albizia''', is a species of fast-growing tree in the family [[Fabaceae]].<ref name="CTAHR" /> It is native to the [[Maluku Islands]], [[New Guinea]] Island, the [[Bismarck Archipelago]] (in [[Papua New Guinea]]), and the [[Solomon Islands]]. It is cultivated for timber throughout [[South Asia]]n and [[Southeast Asia]]n countries. This tree is considered to be invasive in [[Hawaii]], [[American Samoa]] and several other island nations in the [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] and [[Indian Ocean]]s.<ref name="WildlifeHI"/><ref name="ISSG"/> It is about 30m tall tree in nature with a massive trunk and an open crown.<ref name="WildlifeHI"/>


==Common names==
==Common names==
Line 35: Line 35:
*Bark – smooth, light or white colored bark.
*Bark – smooth, light or white colored bark.
*Wood – light tan with long fibers.
*Wood – light tan with long fibers.
*Wood density = 280&nbsp;kg / cubic meter (based on weight and volume at 18% moisture content)<ref name = "Romano" />
*Wood density=280&nbsp;kg / cubic meter (based on weight and volume at 18% moisture content)<ref name="Romano" />
*Chromosome number 2n = 26.<ref name="IPCN" />
*Chromosome number 2n=26.<ref name="IPCN" />


The tree has become invasive in forests in Hawaii and on other Pacific islands, like [[New Caledonia]].<ref name = "Hughes" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-08/010052239.pdf|title=Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie|last=Hequet|first=Vanessa|year=2009|pages=17|language=fr}}</ref>
The tree has become invasive in forests in Hawaii and on other Pacific islands, like [[New Caledonia]].<ref name="Hughes" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers12-08/010052239.pdf|title=Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie|last=Hequet|first=Vanessa|year=2009|pages=17|language=fr}}</ref>


==Uses==
==Uses==
*Commercial uses – ''Falcataria falcata'' softwood is used to make match-sticks, chopsticks, shipping pallets, and wooden boxes. The pulp is used for paper-making.<ref name ="NUS"/> Plywood production and veneer based products have increasingly been an important use for these trees.<ref name = "Romano"/>
*Commercial uses – ''Falcataria falcata'' softwood is used to make match-sticks, chopsticks, shipping pallets, and wooden boxes. The pulp is used for paper-making.<ref name="NUS"/> Plywood production and veneer based products have increasingly been an important use for these trees.<ref name="Romano"/>
*Traditional uses – Whole tree trunks are carved for seagoing canoes. Also used extensively for firewood in [[Timor-Leste]] and elsewhere.
*Traditional uses – Whole tree trunks are carved for seagoing canoes. Also used extensively for firewood in [[Timor-Leste]] and elsewhere.
*Agroforestry – Grown as a coffee shade tree. Inter-cropped with Eucalyptus to add nitrogen. Used for agroforestry with pineapple and other crops in [[Indonesia]] and [[Timor-Leste]].
*Agroforestry – Grown as a coffee shade tree. Inter-cropped with Eucalyptus to add nitrogen. Used for agroforestry with pineapple and other crops in [[Indonesia]] and [[Timor-Leste]].
Line 49: Line 49:


In [[Borneo]] the following moth species have been identified as feeding on ''Falcataria falcata''.<ref name="Borneo" />
In [[Borneo]] the following moth species have been identified as feeding on ''Falcataria falcata''.<ref name="Borneo" />
*''[[Lymantria brunneiplaga]]'' – Family [[Lymantriidae]]
*''[[Lymantria brunneiplaga]]'' – Family [[Lymantriidae]]
*''[[Hypochrosis cryptopyrrhata]]'' – Family [[Geometridae]]
*''[[Hypochrosis cryptopyrrhata]]'' – Family [[Geometridae]]
*''[[Erygia spissa]]'' – Family [[Erebidae]]
*''[[Erygia spissa]]'' – Family [[Erebidae]]
Line 59: Line 59:
*''[[Xystrocera festiva]]'' – Coleoptera: Family [[Cerambycidae]]. Large groups of larvae feed under the bark can cause tree death in plantation forestry.
*''[[Xystrocera festiva]]'' – Coleoptera: Family [[Cerambycidae]]. Large groups of larvae feed under the bark can cause tree death in plantation forestry.


The industrial [[tree plantation]] wood ''Falcataria falcata'' was found to be susceptible to the species of drywood termites, ''[[Cryptotermes cynocephalus]]'', in trials in the [[Philippines]].<ref name = "Romano" /> This tree species has also been found to be susceptible to the subterranean termite species ''[[Coptotermes formosanus]]'' in tests conducted in [[Indonesia]]<ref name = "Arinana" /> and [[Hawaii]].<ref name ="Grace" /> The [[Formosan subterranean termite]]s consumed 49 ± 4.0&nbsp;µg/termite/day of ''F. falcata'' wood in the Indonesian Standard (SNI) laboratory tests or 66 ± 6.5&nbsp;µg/termite/day under the Japanese Standard (JIS) tests for termite susceptibility.<ref name = "Arinana" />
The industrial [[tree plantation]] wood ''Falcataria falcata'' was found to be susceptible to the species of drywood termites, ''[[Cryptotermes cynocephalus]]'', in trials in the [[Philippines]].<ref name="Romano" /> This tree species has also been found to be susceptible to the subterranean termite species ''[[Coptotermes formosanus]]'' in tests conducted in [[Indonesia]]<ref name="Arinana" /> and [[Hawaii]].<ref name="Grace" /> The [[Formosan subterranean termite]]s consumed 49 ± 4.0&nbsp;µg/termite/day of ''F. falcata'' wood in the Indonesian Standard (SNI) laboratory tests or 66 ± 6.5&nbsp;µg/termite/day under the Japanese Standard (JIS) tests for termite susceptibility.<ref name="Arinana" />


==Diseases==
==Diseases==
Line 84: Line 84:
==References==
==References==
<references>
<references>
<!-- <ref name="6subfamilies">{{cite journal | author = The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). | year = 2017 | title = A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny | journal = [[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] | volume = 66 | issue = 1 | pages = 44–77 | doi = 10.12705/661.3| doi-access = free }}</ref> -->
<!-- <ref name="6subfamilies">{{cite journal |author=The Legume Phylogeny Working Group (LPWG). |year=2017 |title=A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=66 |issue=1 |pages=44–77 |doi=10.12705/661.3|doi-access=free }}</ref> -->
<ref name="Plantlist">{{Cite web | url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/ild-42690 | title=Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes — the Plant List}}</ref>
<ref name="Plantlist">{{Cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/ild-42690 |title=Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes — the Plant List}}</ref>
<ref name ="CTAHR">Common Forest Trees: Albizia falcataria http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Albizia_falcataria.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211645/http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Albizia_falcataria.pdf |date=2015-09-23 }}</ref>
<ref name="CTAHR">Common Forest Trees: Albizia falcataria http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Albizia_falcataria.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211645/http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Albizia_falcataria.pdf |date=2015-09-23 }}</ref>
<ref name="WildlifeHI">{{Cite web | url=http://wildlifeofhawaii.com/flowers/1415/falcataria-moluccana-moluccan-albizia/ | title=Falcataria moluccana - Moluccan Albizia, Molucca Albizia, Peacocksplume, Batai, Bataiwood, Moluccan Sau - Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers}}</ref>
<ref name="WildlifeHI">{{Cite web |url=http://wildlifeofhawaii.com/flowers/1415/falcataria-moluccana-moluccan-albizia/ |title=Falcataria moluccana - Moluccan Albizia, Molucca Albizia, Peacocksplume, Batai, Bataiwood, Moluccan Sau - Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers}}</ref>
<ref name="ISSG">{{Cite web | url=http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1249 | title=GISD}}</ref>
<ref name="ISSG">{{Cite web |url=http://www.issg.org/database/species/ecology.asp?si=1249 |title=GISD}}</ref>
<ref name = "Romano">Romano, A.D., & Acda, M.N. 2017. Feeding preference of the drywood termite ''Cryptotermes cynocephalus'' (Kalotermitidae) against industrial tree plantation species in the Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1161–1164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.026</ref>
<ref name="Romano">Romano, A.D., & Acda, M.N. 2017. Feeding preference of the drywood termite ''Cryptotermes cynocephalus'' (Kalotermitidae) against industrial tree plantation species in the Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1161–1164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.026</ref>
<ref name="IPCN">{{PFAF |ID=13054888 |Albizia falcata |ProjektID= }}</ref>
<ref name="IPCN">{{PFAF |ID=13054888 |Albizia falcata |ProjektID=}}</ref>
<ref name = "Hughes">Hughes, R.F., Johnson, M.T. & Uowolo, A., 2011. The invasive alien tree ''Falcataria moluccana'':
<ref name="Hughes">Hughes, R.F., Johnson, M.T. & Uowolo, A., 2011. The invasive alien tree ''Falcataria moluccana'':
its impacts and management. XIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Sept. 11–16, 2011 – Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA. http://www.invasive.org/proceedings/pdfs/Hughes.pdf</ref>
its impacts and management. XIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Sept. 11–16, 2011 – Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA. http://www.invasive.org/proceedings/pdfs/Hughes.pdf</ref>
<ref name ="NUS">{{Cite web | url=http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/dna/organisms/hdetails/530/9 | title=Falcataria moluccana}}</ref>
<ref name="NUS">{{Cite web |url=http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/dna/organisms/hdetails/530/9 |title=Falcataria moluccana}}</ref>
<ref name="Haines">{{cite journal|authors=W.P. Haines, K.E. Barton, and P. Conant | year=2013| title=Defoliation of the invasive tree ''Falcataria moluccana'' on Hawaii Island by the native koa looper moth (Geometridae: ''Scotorythra paludicola''), and evaluation of five Fabaceous trees as larval hostplants| journal=[[Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society]] | volume=45 | pages=129–139 | url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/31010/PHES45_129-139.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref>
<ref name="Haines">{{cite journal|authors=W.P. Haines, K.E. Barton, and P. Conant |year=2013|title=Defoliation of the invasive tree ''Falcataria moluccana'' on Hawaii Island by the native koa looper moth (Geometridae: ''Scotorythra paludicola''), and evaluation of five Fabaceous trees as larval hostplants|journal=[[Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society]] |volume=45 |pages=129–139 |url=http://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/handle/10125/31010/PHES45_129-139.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref>
<ref name="Borneo">{{cite web|url= http://www.mothsofborneo.com/|title=Moths of Borneo|first=Jeremy Daniel|last=Holloway}}</ref>
<ref name="Borneo">{{cite web|url=http://www.mothsofborneo.com/|title=Moths of Borneo|first=Jeremy Daniel|last=Holloway}}</ref>
<ref name="Hosts">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/hostplants/ |title=nhm.ac.uk Caterpillar Host-Plant Database}}</ref>
<ref name="Hosts">{{cite web|url=http://www.nhm.ac.uk/our-science/data/hostplants/ |title=nhm.ac.uk Caterpillar Host-Plant Database}}</ref>
<ref name="Doungsa-ard">{{cite journal|authors=C. Doungsa-ard, A.R. McTaggart, A.D.W. Geering, T.U. Dalisay, J. Ray, R.G. Shivas| year=2015 | title=''Uromycladium falcatarium'' sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on ''Paraserianthes falcataria'' in south-east Asia| journal= Australasian Plant Pathology| volume=44 | pages=25–30| doi=10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z | s2cid=6055244 }} DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z</ref>
<ref name="Doungsa-ard">{{cite journal|authors=C. Doungsa-ard, A.R. McTaggart, A.D.W. Geering, T.U. Dalisay, J. Ray, R.G. Shivas|year=2015 |title=''Uromycladium falcatarium'' sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on ''Paraserianthes falcataria'' in south-east Asia|journal=Australasian Plant Pathology|volume=44 |pages=25–30|doi=10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z |s2cid=6055244 }} DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z</ref>
<ref name="Widyastuti">{{cite journal|authors=S.M. Widyastuti, Harjono, and Z.A. Surya| year=2013| title=Initial infection of ''Falcataria moluccana'' leaves and ''Acacia mangium'' phyllodes by ''Uromycladium tepperianum'' fungi in a laboratory trial| journal=JMHT (Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika – Journal of Tropical Forest Management)| volume=19 | issue=3| pages=187–193| doi=10.7226/jtfm.19.3.187| doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="Widyastuti">{{cite journal|authors=S.M. Widyastuti, Harjono, and Z.A. Surya|year=2013|title=Initial infection of ''Falcataria moluccana'' leaves and ''Acacia mangium'' phyllodes by ''Uromycladium tepperianum'' fungi in a laboratory trial|journal=JMHT (Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika – Journal of Tropical Forest Management)|volume=19 |issue=3|pages=187–193|doi=10.7226/jtfm.19.3.187|doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name="bacterio">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bacterio.net/streptomycesa.html |title=LPSN bacterio.net |access-date=2017-09-15 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923224528/http://www.bacterio.net/streptomycesa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="bacterio">{{Cite web |url=http://www.bacterio.net/streptomycesa.html |title=LPSN bacterio.net |access-date=2017-09-15 |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923224528/http://www.bacterio.net/streptomycesa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="uniprot">[https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/114695 UniProt]</ref>
<ref name="uniprot">[https://www.uniprot.org/taxonomy/114695 UniProt]</ref>
<ref name="DSM">[[Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen]] [https://www.dsmz.de/catalogues/details/culture/DSM-41761.html]</ref>
<ref name="DSM">[[Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen]] [https://www.dsmz.de/catalogues/details/culture/DSM-41761.html]</ref>
<ref name = "Arinana">{{cite journal|authors=Arinana, K. Tsunoda, E.N. Herliyana, and Y.S. Hadi| year=2012| title=Termite-susceptible species of wood for inclusion as a reference in Indonesian Standardized laboratory testing| journal=Insects |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=396–401| pmid=26466532| pmc=4553599| doi=10.3390/insects3020396}} DOI 10.3390/insects3020396</ref>
<ref name="Arinana">{{cite journal|authors=Arinana, K. Tsunoda, E.N. Herliyana, and Y.S. Hadi|year=2012|title=Termite-susceptible species of wood for inclusion as a reference in Indonesian Standardized laboratory testing|journal=Insects |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=396–401|pmid=26466532|pmc=4553599|doi=10.3390/insects3020396}} DOI 10.3390/insects3020396</ref>
<ref name = "Grace">{{cite journal|authors=J.K. Grace, D.M. Ewart, C.H.M. Tome| year=1996| title=Termite resistance of wood species grown in Hawaii| journal=Forest Products Journal| volume=46 | issue=10| pages=57–60}}</ref>
<ref name="Grace">{{cite journal|authors=J.K. Grace, D.M. Ewart, C.H.M. Tome|year=1996|title=Termite resistance of wood species grown in Hawaii|journal=Forest Products Journal|volume=46 |issue=10|pages=57–60}}</ref>
</references>
</references>


Revision as of 00:16, 25 March 2022

Falcataria falcata
Specimen at Waiehu, Maui
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Falcataria
Species:
F. falcata
Binomial name
Falcataria falcata
(Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes
Synonyms
  • Adenanthera falcata L.
  • Adenanthera falcataria L.
  • Adenanthera falcatoria L. [Spelling variant]
  • Albizia eymae Fosberg
  • Albizia falcata sensu auct. Misapplied
  • Albizia falcata (L.) Backer [Spelling variant]
  • Albizia falcata (L.) Backer ex Merr.
  • Albizia falcataria (L.) Fosberg
  • Albizia falcatoria (L.) Fosberg [Spelling variant]
  • Albizia fulva Lane-Poole
  • Albizia fulva C.T. White & Francis
  • Albizia moluccana Miq.
  • Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) I.C.Nielsen
  • Paraserianthes falcataria subsp. falcataria (L.) I.C.Nielsen
  • Paraserianthes falcataria subsp. fulva (Lane-Poole) I.C.Nielsen
  • Paraserianthes falcatoria (L.) I.C.Nielsen [Spelling variant] [1]

Falcataria falcata (syn. Falcataria moluccana), commonly known as the Moluccan albizia, is a species of fast-growing tree in the family Fabaceae.[2] It is native to the Maluku Islands, New Guinea Island, the Bismarck Archipelago (in Papua New Guinea), and the Solomon Islands. It is cultivated for timber throughout South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. This tree is considered to be invasive in Hawaii, American Samoa and several other island nations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.[3][4] It is about 30m tall tree in nature with a massive trunk and an open crown.[3]

Common names

Falcataria falcata is cultivated throughout the wet tropical and subtropical regions of the world and so has many common names. These include: albizia (Hawaii), Moluccan albizia, sengon (Java), salawaku (Maluku), jeungjing (Indonesia), ai-samtuco (Tetun, Timor-Leste), batai (Malaysia), kerosin tree (Pohnpei), sau, Moluccan sau, and falcata (Philippines), Tamaligi (Samoa).

Description

  • Leaves – twice pinnately compound with small leaflets
  • Flowers – creamy white small flowers are faintly fragrant
  • Fruits – pods that fall from the trees when mature.
  • Bark – smooth, light or white colored bark.
  • Wood – light tan with long fibers.
  • Wood density=280 kg / cubic meter (based on weight and volume at 18% moisture content)[5]
  • Chromosome number 2n=26.[6]

The tree has become invasive in forests in Hawaii and on other Pacific islands, like New Caledonia.[7][8]

Uses

  • Commercial uses – Falcataria falcata softwood is used to make match-sticks, chopsticks, shipping pallets, and wooden boxes. The pulp is used for paper-making.[9] Plywood production and veneer based products have increasingly been an important use for these trees.[5]
  • Traditional uses – Whole tree trunks are carved for seagoing canoes. Also used extensively for firewood in Timor-Leste and elsewhere.
  • Agroforestry – Grown as a coffee shade tree. Inter-cropped with Eucalyptus to add nitrogen. Used for agroforestry with pineapple and other crops in Indonesia and Timor-Leste.

Insects found on Falcataria falcata

In Hawaii the caterpillars of the endemic Hawaiian koa looper (Scotorythra paludicola) has been found to defoliate Falcataria falcata and complete their development on this invasive tree without the larvae eating the leaves of their native host Acacia koa.[10]

In Borneo the following moth species have been identified as feeding on Falcataria falcata.[11]

In the broader Indomalayan region the following species have also been found feeding on F. falcata:

The industrial tree plantation wood Falcataria falcata was found to be susceptible to the species of drywood termites, Cryptotermes cynocephalus, in trials in the Philippines.[5] This tree species has also been found to be susceptible to the subterranean termite species Coptotermes formosanus in tests conducted in Indonesia[13] and Hawaii.[14] The Formosan subterranean termites consumed 49 ± 4.0 µg/termite/day of F. falcata wood in the Indonesian Standard (SNI) laboratory tests or 66 ± 6.5 µg/termite/day under the Japanese Standard (JIS) tests for termite susceptibility.[13]

Diseases

Falcataria falcata is the primary host of the gall rust fungus Uromycladium falcatarium,[15] and has also been recorded as a host of Uromycladium tepperianum.[16] Both of these gall rust species cause severe damage throughout all stages of the tree's growth.

Two Actinomycetales bacteria Streptomyces asiaticus and S. cangkringensis have been isolated from the rhizosphere soil surrounding F. falcata in Indonesia.[17][18][19] Although at least 10 species of Streptomyces are plant pathogens it is unclear if these two species have any negative impacts on the roots or other tissues of this tree.

  • Sapling in forest
    Sapling in forest
  • Seedling in Indonesia
    Seedling in Indonesia
  • Bark
    Bark
  • Bark
    Bark
  • Flowers and leaves
    Flowers and leaves
  • Small flowers falling on the trunk. Macro photography.
    Small flowers falling on the trunk. Macro photography.
  • Flowers in full bloom.
    Flowers in full bloom.
  • Flowers in full bloom.
    Flowers in full bloom.
  • Immature seedpods
    Immature seedpods
  • Mature seedpods
    Mature seedpods
  • Trees in forest
    Trees in forest
  • Tree crown
    Tree crown

References

  1. ^ "Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes — the Plant List".
  2. ^ Common Forest Trees: Albizia falcataria http://www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/forestry/trees/CommonTreesHI/CFT_Albizia_falcataria.pdf Archived 2015-09-23 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b "Falcataria moluccana - Moluccan Albizia, Molucca Albizia, Peacocksplume, Batai, Bataiwood, Moluccan Sau - Hawaiian Plants and Tropical Flowers".
  4. ^ "GISD".
  5. ^ a b c Romano, A.D., & Acda, M.N. 2017. Feeding preference of the drywood termite Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Kalotermitidae) against industrial tree plantation species in the Philippines. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20: 1161–1164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.08.026
  6. ^ "Albizia falcata". Plants for a Future. 13054888.
  7. ^ Hughes, R.F., Johnson, M.T. & Uowolo, A., 2011. The invasive alien tree Falcataria moluccana: its impacts and management. XIII International Symposium on Biological Control of Weeds. Sept. 11–16, 2011 – Waikoloa, Hawaii, USA. http://www.invasive.org/proceedings/pdfs/Hughes.pdf
  8. ^ Hequet, Vanessa (2009). Les espèces exotiques envahissantes de Nouvelle-Calédonie (PDF) (in French). p. 17.
  9. ^ "Falcataria moluccana".
  10. ^ "Defoliation of the invasive tree Falcataria moluccana on Hawaii Island by the native koa looper moth (Geometridae: Scotorythra paludicola), and evaluation of five Fabaceous trees as larval hostplants" (PDF). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 45: 129–139. 2013. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  11. ^ Holloway, Jeremy Daniel. "Moths of Borneo".
  12. ^ a b "nhm.ac.uk Caterpillar Host-Plant Database".
  13. ^ a b "Termite-susceptible species of wood for inclusion as a reference in Indonesian Standardized laboratory testing". Insects. 3 (2): 396–401. 2012. doi:10.3390/insects3020396. PMC 4553599. PMID 26466532. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) DOI 10.3390/insects3020396
  14. ^ "Termite resistance of wood species grown in Hawaii". Forest Products Journal. 46 (10): 57–60. 1996. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  15. ^ "Uromycladium falcatarium sp. nov., the cause of gall rust on Paraserianthes falcataria in south-east Asia". Australasian Plant Pathology. 44: 25–30. 2015. doi:10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z. S2CID 6055244. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help) DOI 10.1007/s13313-014-0301-z
  16. ^ "Initial infection of Falcataria moluccana leaves and Acacia mangium phyllodes by Uromycladium tepperianum fungi in a laboratory trial". JMHT (Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika – Journal of Tropical Forest Management). 19 (3): 187–193. 2013. doi:10.7226/jtfm.19.3.187. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  17. ^ "LPSN bacterio.net". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2017-09-15.
  18. ^ UniProt
  19. ^ Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen [1]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Falcataria_falcata&oldid=1079093899"