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{{Main|Rugby union in Russia}}
{{Main|Rugby union in Russia}}
{{See also|Rugby union in the Soviet Union}}
{{See also|Rugby union in the Soviet Union}}
[[Rugby union]] is a growing sport in Russia. [[Russia national rugby union team|Russia]] is ranked 17th worldwide by the [[International Rugby Board]] (IRB),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html|title=Official IRB Rankings|website=Irb.com|access-date=16 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810042746/http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html|archive-date=10 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> with over one hundred clubs and close to 20,000 players nationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000087/index.html|title=Official Russia Playing Numbers|website=Irb.com|access-date=16 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021032812/http://www.irb.com/unions/union%3D11000087/index.html|archive-date=21 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
[[Rugby union]] is a growing sport in Russia. [[Russia national rugby union team|Russia]] was ranked 25th worldwide by the [[International Rugby Board]] (IRB) in March 2022,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html|title=Official IRB Rankings|website=Irb.com|access-date=16 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110810042746/http://www.irb.com/rankings/full.html|archive-date=10 August 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> with over one hundred clubs and close to 20,000 players nationally.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irb.com/unions/union=11000087/index.html|title=Official Russia Playing Numbers|website=Irb.com|access-date=16 December 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071021032812/http://www.irb.com/unions/union%3D11000087/index.html|archive-date=21 October 2007|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


Russian domestic rugby went professional in 2005 with the launch of the [[Professional Rugby League]]. After a post-Soviet lull, Russian players are again signing with major clubs in England and France.
Russian domestic rugby went professional in 2005 with the launch of the [[Professional Rugby League]]. After a post-Soviet lull, Russian players are again signing with major clubs in England and France.
Line 102: Line 102:
[[Krasnoyarsk]], a large Siberian city, has traditionally been the stronghold of Russian rugby union. Domestic matches are covered in the local media, and the intra-city derby match between sides Krasny Yar and Enisei-STM can attract large crowds.
[[Krasnoyarsk]], a large Siberian city, has traditionally been the stronghold of Russian rugby union. Domestic matches are covered in the local media, and the intra-city derby match between sides Krasny Yar and Enisei-STM can attract large crowds.


[[Rugby football]] in the [[Russian Empire]] pre-dated the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] by a number of years, but it was only played sporadically. It appears to have been the first (non-indigenous) football code to be played in Russia, around a decade before the introduction of [[association football]].<ref name=Riordan1>Riordan, James ''Sport in Soviet Society — development of sport and physical education in Russia and the USSR'' ([[Cambridge University Press]], [[Cambridge]], England, 1977) p22</ref> Mr Hopper, a Scotsman, who worked in Moscow arranged a match in the 1880s; the first football match was in 1892.<ref name=Riordan1/> In 1886, however, the Russian police clamped down on rugby because they considered it "brutal, and liable to incite demonstrations and riots"<ref name=Riordan1/> Condemnation by the tsar's police probably deterred many people from playing, and records of rugby over the next thirty years are sparse.
[[Rugby football]] in the [[Russian Empire]] pre-dated the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]] by a number of years, but it was only played sporadically. It appears to have been the first (non-indigenous) football code to be played in Russia, around a decade before the introduction of [[association football]].<ref name=Riordan1>Riordan, James ''Sport in Soviet Society — development of sport and physical education in Russia and the USSR'' ([[Cambridge University Press]], [[Cambridge]], England, 1977) p22</ref> Hopper, a Scotsman, who worked in Moscow arranged a match in the 1880s; the first football match was in 1892.<ref name=Riordan1/> In 1886, however, the Russian police clamped down on rugby because they considered it "brutal, and liable to incite demonstrations and riots"<ref name=Riordan1/> Condemnation by the tsar's police probably deterred many people from playing, and records of rugby over the next thirty years are sparse.


Russia qualified and competed in the [[2011 Rugby World Cup]] in [[New Zealand]] as Europe 2 after finishing second in the 2008–10 ENC. This was the team's debut in the tournament, where they faced [[Australian rugby union team|Australia]], [[Irish rugby union team|Ireland]], [[Italian rugby union team|Italy]] and the [[United States rugby union team|United States]] in Group C of the tournament. Being the second-lowest-ranked team in the tournament, Russia performed comparatively well in their opening match, running the USA close in an encounter which was lost 6–13. This was followed by comprehensive losses against Italy (53–17), Ireland (62–12) and Australia (68–22).
Russia qualified and competed in the [[2011 Rugby World Cup]] in New Zealand as Europe 2 after finishing second in the 2008–10 ENC. This was the team's debut in the tournament, where they faced [[Australian rugby union team|Australia]], [[Irish rugby union team|Ireland]], [[Italian rugby union team|Italy]] and the [[United States rugby union team|United States]] in Group C of the tournament. Being the second-lowest-ranked team in the tournament, Russia performed comparatively well in their opening match, running the USA close in an encounter which was lost 6–13. This was followed by comprehensive losses against Italy (53–17), Ireland (62–12) and Australia (68–22).


==Rugby league==
==Rugby league==

Revision as of 23:26, 25 March 2022

Part of a series on the
Culture of Russia
Culture of Russia
Society
Topics
Symbols

The most popular sport in Russia is soccer.[1] According to Yandex search analysis results rating of the most popular sports among Russians: "Football topped the list of the most popular sports in Russia" with 5 to 10 million requests. Ice Hockey came in second with handball, basketball, futsal, boxing, auto racing, volleyball, athletics, tennis and chess rounding out the top ten rankings.[2] Other popular sports include bandy, biathlon, figure skating, weightlifting, gymnastics, wrestling, martial arts, rugby union, and skiing.[3]

The Soviet Union (USSR) competed in the Olympic Games for the first time at the 1952 Summer Olympics. Soviet and later Russian athletes never finished below fourth place in the number of gold and total medals collected at the Summer Olympics in which they competed. Russia has the most medals stripped for doping violations (51), the most of any country, four times the number of the runner-up, and nearly a third of the global total. The Russian team was partially banned from the 2016 Rio Olympics and 2018 Winter Olympics due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.[4][5] Russian athletes were allowed to participate at the 2018 Olympics under a neutral flag with a name "Olympic Athletes from Russia".

The 6th International Maxi-Marathon of Nuclear Workers on Moscow's central Vasilyevsky Spusk Square, 2001. Participants are workers from 14 countries having nuclear power plants in their territories.

Football

Russian football fans with a gigantic "Victory for Russia!" banner, featuring the Russian Bear on the background of the Russian flag
See also: Football in Russia and 2018 FIFA World Cup

Football is the number one sport in the country.[6][7][8][9] A high proportion of men are interested in it to a certain extent (and many children play it regularly) and women also join men when it comes to the national team.[citation needed] The Russian Premier League has a fairly high degree of competitiveness.[citation needed] Notable foreign players have played in the league as well as local players.[10][11][12]

Russia was awarded the 2018 FIFA World Cup on 2 December 2018, hosting the tournament for the first time.[13][14][15] The event took place from 14 June to 15 July 2018, in which the Russian team had its best performance since the 1966 tournament, reaching the quarter-finals for the first time since the breakup of the Soviet Union, where they lost to eventual finalists Croatia.[16]

On 28 February 2022, due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and in accordance with a recommendation by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), FIFA and UEFA suspended the participation of Russia, including in the Qatar 2022 World Cup. The Russian Football Union unsuccessfully appealed the FIFA and UEFA bans to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, which upheld the bans.[17]

Ice hockey

See also: Ice hockey in Russia and Russia men's national ice hockey team
President Dmitry Medvedev meets with the 2008 national hockey team.
Vladimir Putin and Russian team captain Alexander Ovechkin

The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is made up mostly of Russian teams. Russian teams have won every KHL championship.[citation needed] Russia has won the World Championships a number of times:

Year Location Result
1993 Dortmund / Munich,  Germany Gold
2008 Quebec City / Halifax,  Canada Gold
2009 Bern / Kloten,   Switzerland Gold
2012 Helsinki,  Finland / Stockholm,  Sweden Gold
2014 Minsk,  Belarus Gold

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Ice Hockey Federation suspended Russia from all levels of competition.[18]

Volleyball

Sergey Tetyukhin was a member of Russia's national volleyball team.
  • Gold medals (2002, 2011, 2013),5 silver medals (1993, 1998, 2000, 2007, 2010), 6 bronze medals (1997, 1997, 2001, 2006, 2008, 2009)[citation needed]

The Russian women's national volleyball team is ranked 8th in the FIVB World Rankings. Record for achievements of the Russian women's volleyball team:

Russia featured a women's national team in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup.[19]

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Volleyball Federation stripped Russia of hosting the men's World Cup in August 2022.[18]

Bandy

The Russia national bandy team in the World Championship 2012

One traditionally popular sport is bandy (informally called "Russian hockey"). It is considered a national sport,[20] and is one of the biggest spectator sports.[21] According to one survey, it is the third most popular sport in Russia.[22] The Federation of International Bandy was founded in 1955, by the Soviet Union and three Nordic countries. Bandy is the only sport to enjoy the patronage of the Russian Orthodox Church since they're very interested in strengthening their national traditions.[23]

The Soviet national team won all the Bandy World Championships from the start 1957 until 1979. After 10 rounds of the 2011–2012 Russian Bandy League the average attendance was 3,887.[24] The national team for women took the silver medal in the six first World Championships. In the 2014 WCS, the first gold medal came.

After the International Olympic Committee’s recommendations following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Federation of International Bandy excluded Russia from participating in the 2022 Women's Bandy World Championship.[25] The men's 2020–22 Bandy World Championship was cancelled on 1 March 2022, after Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the United States announced that they would not take part in the competition in Russia due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine.[26][27][28][29] Before the start of their games, the players of four Russian bandy teams formed a ‘Z’ on the field, which is the letter symbolizing the Russian tanks that have invaded Ukraine.[30]

Biathlon

Biathlon is the most popular winter sport in Russia and ranking 1st in overall polls and TV viewership for the winter seasons. Russia has had successful biathletes and has won Olympic and World medals.[citation needed] As a result of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Biathlon Union banned the participation of Russian athletes and officials at its international events, and began procedures to suspend the Russian Biathlon Federation.[31][32]

Figure skating

Vladimir Putin and the Russian figure skating team at the 2014 Winter Olympics

Figure skating is another popular sport in Russia. In the 1960s the Soviet Union won a number of medals in figure skating, especially in pairs skating and ice dancing. At every Winter Olympics from 1964 through 2006, a Soviet or Russian pair won gold. The streak ended in 2010 when a Chinese pair won gold in 2010 Winter Olympics, a Russian pair returned to winning gold in pairs at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi.[citation needed]

The Russian Figure Skating Championships are held annually to determine the national champions of Russia. Skaters compete in men's singles, women's singles, pair skating, and ice dancing. The first Russian national competition was held in 1878 in St. Petersburg. Between 1924 and 1990 Russian national championships in figure skating were not held. During this time, Russian skaters competed at the Soviet Figure Skating Championships.[citation needed]

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Skating Union banned all athletes from Russia from events until further notice.[33]

Speed skating

Vladimir Putin and head coach of the Russian short track speed skating team Sébastien Cross

Long track speed skating has a tradition in Russia since the Russian Empire, and then in the Soviet Union. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation won medals in speed skating in World Championships and World Cups.[citation needed] Although short track speed skating is not as popular as long track in terms of results in Russia, it saw a major boost in popularity after the 2014 Sochi Olympics[citation needed].

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Skating Union banned all speed skating athletes from Russia from events until further notice.[34]

Other winter sports

Other winter sports the Soviets and Russians have participated in are bobsleigh, skeleton, and luge.

After the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, the International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation suspended the participation of Russian athletes and officials.[35] It also suspended the Bobsleigh Federation of Russia until its next Congress in July 2022.[36]

Also after the Russian invasion, the International Luge Federation banned all Russian athletes, coaches, and officials from its events.[37] It also suspended all Russian officials appointed to its Commissions and Working Groups by the Executive Board, and made Russia ineligible to host any of its events.[18]

Basketball

Basketball is a popular sport in Russia. The Russian national basketball team is the heir of the Soviet Union national basketball team and has won several international titles.

Russia is home to several internationally recognized players such as Andrei Kirilenko, and 2016 NBA Champion Timofey Mozgov.

PBC CSKA Moscow is the second most successful team in the history of European club competitions.

Rugby union

Main article: Rugby union in Russia
See also: Rugby union in the Soviet Union

Rugby union is a growing sport in Russia. Russia was ranked 25th worldwide by the International Rugby Board (IRB) in March 2022,[38] with over one hundred clubs and close to 20,000 players nationally.[39]

Russian domestic rugby went professional in 2005 with the launch of the Professional Rugby League. After a post-Soviet lull, Russian players are again signing with major clubs in England and France.

Krasnoyarsk, a large Siberian city, has traditionally been the stronghold of Russian rugby union. Domestic matches are covered in the local media, and the intra-city derby match between sides Krasny Yar and Enisei-STM can attract large crowds.

Rugby football in the Russian Empire pre-dated the Russian Revolution by a number of years, but it was only played sporadically. It appears to have been the first (non-indigenous) football code to be played in Russia, around a decade before the introduction of association football.[40] Hopper, a Scotsman, who worked in Moscow arranged a match in the 1880s; the first football match was in 1892.[40] In 1886, however, the Russian police clamped down on rugby because they considered it "brutal, and liable to incite demonstrations and riots"[40] Condemnation by the tsar's police probably deterred many people from playing, and records of rugby over the next thirty years are sparse.

Russia qualified and competed in the 2011 Rugby World Cup in New Zealand as Europe 2 after finishing second in the 2008–10 ENC. This was the team's debut in the tournament, where they faced Australia, Ireland, Italy and the United States in Group C of the tournament. Being the second-lowest-ranked team in the tournament, Russia performed comparatively well in their opening match, running the USA close in an encounter which was lost 6–13. This was followed by comprehensive losses against Italy (53–17), Ireland (62–12) and Australia (68–22).

Rugby league

Main article: Rugby league in Russia

Rugby league is a growing sport in Russia. Russia is ranked 16th worldwide by the Rugby League International Federation (RLIF),[41] with over 2,000 participants nationwide.

Russian domestic rugby league is played at youth, student and adult levels.

Australian rules football

The first Australian rules football clubs in Russia were created in May 2011, with groups starting practice matches in Moscow and Krasnoyarsk within a few weeks of each other. Both fledgling clubs have been started by an expat Australian, but with the remainder of the playing group consisting of local Russians.[42][43]

Russia competed at the 2011 AFL 9s Euro Cup in Belfast, finishing in 10th place (out of 18), with wins over Catalunya and Denmark and losses to Croatia and Wales.

In 2013 there are five Australian Football clubs playing in a Moscow competition almost exclusively Russians. They are the Bees, Cherkizon, Shooters, Cosmic Pirates and Slava.

In 2015 St. Petersburg Cats team firstly took part in Gagarin Cup, ANZAC Cup and Concrete and Steel cup. In 2015 May, the ANZAC Day Cup was played for the first time in Saint Petersburg at the Kolomyagi Stadium. The visiting team representing Moscow was the Lazy Koalas. The result was very lopsided, but the fact that a formal game was played outside Australia at all for such an insignificant sport was considered a success. Scores: Lazy Koalas (Moscow) 221 defeated Saint Petersburg 13 with the game called off at halftime due to a mercy rule taking effect. In 2016 Russian national team took part in AFL Europe Cup in Lisbon

Tennis

Maria Sharapova is Russia's most successful tennis athlete. She is also the highest earning female athlete.

Since the end of the Soviet era, tennis has grown in popularity and Russia has produced a number of famous tennis players. In recent years, the number of top Russian women players has been considerable, with both Maria Sharapova and Dinara Safina reaching number one in the WTA rankings. Anastasia Myskina became the first Russian woman to win a grand slam when she won the 2004 French Open. Maria Sharapova has won five Grand Slam titles overall making her the most successful Russian player of all time. Other Russian women to achieve international success include Elena Dementieva, Ekaterina Makarova, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Nadia Petrova, Vera Zvonareva, Elena Vesnina, Anna Chakvetadze, Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova and Anna Kournikova. The Russian Federation has won the Fed Cup 4 times, in 2004, 2005, 2007 and 2008.

At the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Russia swept the women's tennis podium with Elena Dementieva winning the gold, Dinara Safina and Vera Zvonareva the silver and bronze, respectively. As of 16 October 2009, two Russian women were ranked in the WTA tour's top 10; with an additional two in the Top 20.

Russia also boasts two former number-1 men's players—Safina's older brother Marat Safin and Yevgeny Kafelnikov. Both Kafelnikov and Safin have won two Grand Slam titles each with Kafelnikov winning the 1996 French Open and 1999 Australian Open. Safin won his first major at the US Open in 2000 and his second at the 2005 Australian Open. Kafelnikov also won a gold medal at the 2000 Olympic Games. Other Russian men that have made the top 50 include Nikolay Davydenko, Igor Andreev, Igor Kunitsyn, and Mikhail Youzhny with Davydenko reaching as high as world number 3. The Russian men won the two Davis Cup (2002, 2006) and one ATP Cup (2021) title.

Russia has also seen a wave of new talent coming through the men’s rankings over the past few years with Daniil Medvedev, Andrey Rublev and Karen Khachanov breaking into the world’s top ten. Of these players, Daniil Medvedev has been the most successful with thirteen career titles and a current ranking of No. 2 in the world (as of October 1st, 2021). His best Grand Slam result is winning the US Open final in 2021, becoming the first Russian man to win a US Open in 21 years.

Gymnastics

Rhythmic gymnastics

Yana Kudryavtseva

Rhythmic gymnastics is considered one of the most popular sports in Russia. In addition, it is considered in general that Russia has the best rhythmic gymnasts. Evgenia Kanaeva, three-time all around world champion and first and only back to back gold medallist at the Olympic games, Yulia Barsukova, Irina Tchachina, Galina Beloglazova, Irina Devina, Tatiana Druchinina, Elena Karpuchina, Tatiana Kravtchenko, Galima Shugurova, Oxana Kostina, Alina Kabaeva, Natalia Lipkovskaya, Daria Dmitrieva, Amina Zaripova, Daria Kondakova, Laysan Utiasheva, Zarina Gizikova, Daria Shkurikhina, Vera Sessina, Margarita Mamun, Yelena Posevina, Anastasia Maksimova, Olga Ilina, Anna Gavrilenko, Karolina Sevastyanova, Anastasia Bliznyuk, Alina Makarenko, Ksenia Dudkina, Anastasia Nazarenko, Uliana Donskova, Margarita Aliychuk, Yanina Batyrchina, Tatiana Gorbunova, Maria Titova, Aleksandra Soldatova, Yana Kudryavtseva, Daria Svatkovskaya, Dina Averina, Arina Averina, Veronika Polyakova, Yulia Bravikova, Daria Dubova, Sofya Skomorokh and Diana Borisova are amongst Russia's successful and top rhythmic gymnasts. There are many rhythmic gymnastics clubs in Russia and the most famous one is the Gazprom School which Irina Viner teaches rhythmic gymnasts in Novogorsk, Moscow, where the Russian national team is also based.

Artistic gymnastics

Svetlana Khorkina

Before the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991, Soviet gymnasts dominated both men's and women's gymnastics commencing with the introduction of the full women's program into the Olympics and the overall increased standardization of the Olympic Gymnastics competition format which happened in 1952. From 1952 to 1992 inclusive, the Soviet women's squad won almost every single team title in World Championship competition and at the Summer Olympics: the only four exceptions were the 1984 Olympics, which they did not attend, and the 1966, 1979 and 1987 World Championships. Some of the famous Soviet gymnasts were from the Russian SFSR, or of Russian origin born in the former SSR.

Following the breakup of the Soviet Union, they competed together as one nation for the last time at the 1992 Summer Olympics as a "Unified Team" winning the gold. though not as dominant as the Soviet Union and with the emergence of new countries excelling in gymnastics and having a gymnast apparatus specialist, Russia has maintained the tradition of gymnastics excellence, medalling at every Worlds and Olympic competition in both MAG and WAG disciplines, except in the 2008 Olympics, where the Russian women team did not win any medals. Notable Russian gymnasts include: Svetlana Khorkina, Alexei Nemov, Nikolai Andrianov, Alexander Dityatin, Larissa Latynina, Yelena Shushunova, Elena Zamolodchikova, Natalia Yurchenko, Elena Mukhina, Olga Mostepanova, Yuri Titov, Anton Golotsutskov, Yekaterina Lobaznyuk, Yelena Produnova, Natalia Shaposhnikova, Ludmilla Tourischeva, Anastasia Grishina, Aleksandr Balandin, Maria Paseka, Nikolai Kuksenkov, Ksenia Afanasyeva, Aliya Mustafina, Denis Ablyazin, Emin Garibov, Viktoria Komova, David Belyavskiy, Nikita Nagornyy, Maria Kharenkova, Nikita Ignatyev, Daria Spiridonova, Angelina Melnikova, Natalia Kapitonova, Andrei Makolov, Elena Eremina and Seda Tutkhalyan.

Swimming and diving

Number of swimming pools in Russia, 1993–2013
Alexander Popov

Swimming is mostly an elite sport for most Russians, however before the dissolution of the USSR, swimming was an institutionalized and recreational sport. Russia has not achieved the same success as that of the Soviet Union nevertheless there has still been a few notable Russian swimmers. Russia has performed well in synchronized swimming at the Olympic Games and World Championships since the 2000 Sydney Olympics.[citation needed]

In March 2022, after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, FINA banned all Russians from competing at the 2022 World Aquatics Championships, and withdrew the 2022 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) from being held in Russia.[44] This came after indefinitely banning athletes and officials of Russia from wearing the colours of Russia, swimming representing Russia with Russia's name, and the playing of Russia's national anthem in the case an athlete from Russia won an event.[45]

Athletics

Russian Pole vaulter Yelena Isinbayeva

Russia has maintained strong results particularly in High jump, Long jump, track athletics, Hurdling, Pole vault, racewalking, Hammer throw, Triple jump, Javelin throw, Heptathlon. Some well known Russian athletes include Yelena Isinbayeva, Anna Chicherova, Ivan Ukhov, Tatyana Lysenko, Yuliya Zaripova, Natalya Antyukh, Mikhail Ryzhov, Andrey Silnov, Aleksandr Ivanov, Ekaterina Koneva, Yelena Slesarenko, Sergey Shubenkov, Mariya Kuchina, Yuriy Borzakovskiy, Darya Klishina, Aleksandr Menkov, Aleksey Fyodorov, Elena Lashmanova, Lyukman Adams, Daniil Tsyplakov, Ilya Shkurenyov.

Russia was banned from the 2017 and 2019 World Championships because of state-sponsored doping.

Orienteering

Main article: Russian Orienteering Federation

The Russian Orienteering Federation (Russian: Федерация Спортивного Ориентирования (ФСО)) is the Russian national organisation of orienteering. It is a full member of the International Orienteering Federation.[46]

Boxing

Alexander Povetkin
See also: Russian fist fighting

Russia is a boxing country powerhouse with many world title holders, Olympic champions and legends of the sport. Successful professional and amateur boxers include: Alexander Povetkin, Nikolai Valuev, Dmitry Bivol, Eduard Troyanovsky, Aleksei Tishchenko, Kostya Tszyu, Evgeny Tishchenko, Sergey Kovalev, Albert Tumenov, Magomed Abdusalamov, Shamil Sabirov, Oleg Maskaev, Dmitry Kudryashov, Boris Kuznetsov, Aleksandr Lebziak, Sofya Ochigava, Oleg Saitov, Georgy Balakshin, Oleg Grigoryev, Vassily Solomin, Nikolay Korolyov, Raimkul Malakhbekov, Evgeny Makarenko, Alexander Maletin, Alexei Lezin, Gennady Kovalev, Sergey Kazakov, Matvey Korobov, Sultan Ibragimov, Artur Beterbiyev, Misha Aloyan, Denis Boytsov, Dmitry Chudinov, Fedor Chudinov, Gennadiy Shatkov, Grigory Drozd, Egor Mekhontsev, David Ayrapetyan, Boris Lagutin, Denis Lebedev, Rashid Magomedov, Ruslan Provodnikov, Viktor Rybakov, Vladimir Safronov, Stanislav Stepashkin, Valerian Sokolov, Vasilii Egorov, Vitaly Dunaytsev,

Judo

Russia has become a key player in sport of Judo, even under the Soviet Union, it has produced multiple Olympic champions and medalists. The popularity was increased under President Vladimir Putin promoting the sport, and with Russia producing multiple Olympic and World champions. Notable judokas over the decades include: Vladimir Nevzorov, Kamal Khan-Magomedov, Alexander Mikhaylin, Oleg Stepanov, Anatoly Laryukov, Beslan Mudranov, Tamerlan Tmenov, Ivan Nifontov, Arsen Galstyan, Sergei Kosorotov, Mansur Isaev, Nikolai Solodukhin, Elena Ivashchenko, Kirill Denisov, Tagir Khaybulaev, Sergei Kosmynin, Vitali Kuznetsov, Natalia Kuziutina, Vitaliy Makarov, Serhiy Novikov, Mikhail Pulyaev, Dmitri Sergeyev, Yury Styopkin,

Martial arts

Fedor Emelianenko
Batu Khasikov

Mixed martial arts is another popular sport producing many world class international and national fighters.

Notable athletes include: Fedor Emelianenko, Batu Khasikov, Oleg Taktarov, Vitaly Minakov, Rasul Mirzaev, Julia Berezikova, Andrey Koreshkov, Vyacheslav Vasilevsky, Sergei Kharitonov, Khabib Nurmagomedov, Vladimir Mineev, Muslim Salikhov, Murad Machaev, Viktor Nemkov, Adlan Amagov, Islam Makhachev, Ramazan Ramazanov, Zubaira Tukhugov, Volk Han, Omari Akhmedov, Sultan Aliev, Vener Galiev, Ali Bagautinov, Alexander Ustinov, Rustam Khabilov, Alexander Sarnavskiy, Ruslan Magomedov, Artem Levin, Alexander Volkov, Albert Tumenov, Rashid Magomedov, Alexander Emelianenko, Bazigit Atajev, Magomedrasul Khasbulaev, Artem Vakhitov, Magomed Magomedov, Mikhail Ilyukhin, Shamil Zavurov, Bazigit Atajev, Denis Grachev, Ruslan Karaev, Milana Dudieva, Suleyman Magomedov, Alexei Papin, Aleksandr Pitchkounov, Oleksiy Oliynyk, Georgi Karakhanyan, Andrei Semenov, Alexander Shlemenko, Akop Stepanyan, Amar Suloev, Alexander Yakovlev, Michail Tsarev, Mikhail Zayats, Roman Zentsov.

Other popular martial arts form is Sambo which originated in the Soviet Union.

See also: Russian martial arts and Sambo (martial art)

Weightlifting

Maryana Naumova, the youngest Powerlifter World champion and multiple record holder

Weightlifting is another successful sport in Russia, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia ranks 16th in the all-time medal table.[citation needed] Among the most titled and popular weightlifter is Vasily Alekseyev, Russia and the Soviet Union's greatest Weightlifter who set multiple World records unprecedented in his era and was a twice Olympic champion.

Another popular strongman competition in Russia is Powerlifting, which is akin to a variant evolving from weightlifting. Russia is an active in the International Powerlifting Federation and one of the most successful countries along with the United States, Poland, Norway, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Sweden, Finland, Japan and the Ukraine. Maryana Naumova is the youngest World champion and multiple record holders in professional powerlifting tournaments and World championships.

Wrestling

The most successful wrestler of all time, and Russia's greatest wrestler, Alexander Karelin
Buvaisar Saitiev, the second most decorated wrestler of all time, after Karelin

The Soviet Union was the most successful country in the history of wrestling, Russia has continued the tradition and has produced multiple Olympic and World champions. Wrestling is the most accessible and played out sport for boys and young adults in Russia especially in the Caucasus Republics and regions (Chechnya, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, North-Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia).

Fencing

Pozdnyakov at the 2013 World Championships

Russia has maintained a strong tradition in Fencing since Tsarist Russia where it was a popular sport amongst the Russian elites, it transitioned into the Soviet Union as a sport for the Soviet fencing enthusiasts and became a visible sport for the Soviet people which reached its peak in the 1980s in terms of success and popularity of the Sport in the USSR. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, like the former Soviet Republic of Ukraine, Russia has continued the success in fencing producing multiple World and European Champions. Successful Russian fencers over the decades include: Viktor Sidyak, Galina Gorokhova, Yana Zvereva, Sofiya Velikaya, Aleksey Yakimenko, Stanislav Pozdnyakov, Valentina Rastvorova, Yekaterina Dyachenko, Kamil Ibragimov, Pavel Kolobkov, Eduard Vinokurov, Karina Aznavourian, Renal Ganeyev, Vladimir Nazlymov, Artur Akhmatkhuzin, Nikolay Kovalev, Inna Deriglazova, Tatiana Logunova, Diana Yakovleva, Umyar Mavlikhanov, Elena Novikova-Belova, Veniamin Reshetnikov, Dina Galiakbarova, Timur Safin, Aida Shanayeva, Sergey Sharikov, Yury Sisikin, Yuliya Biryukova, Yana Egorian, Violetta Kolobova, Lyubov Shutova, Anna Sivkova, Mark Rakita, Alexandra Zabelina, Aleksey Cheremisinov.

Chess

See also: Soviet Chess School

Chess is a favorite pastime, and a sport that has been dominated by Russians in the post-war (1945–) era. The winner of the 1948 World Chess Championship, Russian Mikhail Botvinnik, started an era of Soviet dominance in the chess world. Until the end of the Soviet Union, there was only one non-Soviet champion.

The 1990s were dominated by Kasparov, who won most of the tournaments that he participated in and reached a then-record rating of 2851 on the July 1999 list.[47]

Today, 25 of the world's top 100 chess players are Russian.[48]

Motorsport

Daniil Kvyat

Vitaly Petrov became Russia's first Formula One driver in 2010. He drove in F1 for three seasons with the Renault and Caterham F1 teams, and scored the best result of his career when he finished third at the 2011 Australian Grand Prix. Daniil Kvyat made his debut in F1 in 2014, and took his first podium finish with a second place at the 2015 Hungarian Grand Prix.[49] The Russian Grand Prix joined the calendar for the 2014 Formula One season, held at the Sochi Autodrom. Sergey Sirotkin joined the grid in 2018 but did not continue after that season. Nikita Mazepin became the 4th Russian driver to compete in Formula 1 after it was announced that he will race for Haas F1 Team. He did compete in the 2021 Formula One World Championship, but due to the Russia Doping Scandal, he competed as a neutral competitor.[50] In 2022, the Russian Grand Prix, in the Sochi Autodrom, was scheduled and planned to go ahead, but due to the Russo-Ukrainian War that shook the world during 2022, several drivers announced they would not go to Russia and lead to the FIA declaring that the Russian Grand Prix would not go ahead.[51]After the war in Ukraine led to sanctions from the EU, including some against Uralkali, a company owned by Nikita Mazepin's father, Haas decided it was in their best interests to not include Nikita in the following season, sacking him ahead of the first race in Bahrain.[52]

Timur Timerzyanov has enjoyed success in rallycross, winning the FIA European Rallycross Championship in 2012 and 2013.

2014 Russia Grand Prix in Sochi

Russian car manufacturer Lada (known domestically as AvtoVAZ) has competed in the World Touring Car Championship, making their debut in 2008 with Russian Bears Motorsport entering Lada 110s. Lada provided factory support in 2009, with the team running three cars and upgrading to the Lada Priora during the season. The team's best performances were a pair of sixth places by James Thompson at the Race of Italy. Lada subsequently withdrew from the championship, but they returned in 2012, entering a Lada Granta WTCC driven by Thompson at a couple of race meetings. Subsequently, they announced plans to contest a full season in 2013. The team ran two cars in 2013, with a best result of a fifth place for Thompson in the Race of Russia, and expanded to a three car squad for 2014. Former World Touring Car Champion Robert Huff gave Lada their first WTCC win at the 2014 Beijing round.[53]

See also

References

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Further reading

  • Andreff, Wladimir, Oleg Bril, and Sandrine Poupaux. "Sport in Russia." in Sports Governance in the World. A Socio-Historic Approach (2012): 195-218 online.
  • Arnold, Richard. "Sport and official nationalism in modern Russia." Problems of post-communism 65.2 2018): 129-141.
  • Harte, Tim. Faster, Higher, Stronger, Comrades! Sports, Art, and Ideology in Late Russian and Early Soviet Culture (U of Wisconsin Press, 2020) online review
  • Poupaux S. "Soviet and post-Soviet sport," in W. Andreff, S. Szymanski, eds., The Handbook on the Economics of Sport (Edward Elgar, 2006) pp. 316-324.
  • Riordan, James. Sport in Soviet society: development of sport and physical education in Russia and the USSR (1980).
  • Wagg, Stephen, and David L. Andrews, eds. East plays west: Sport and the Cold War (Routledge, 2007).
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