Alan Duffy (astronomer): Difference between revisions

Alan Duffy
Alan Duffy
	Duffy speaking at the Skepticon conference in Sydney, Australia on 18 November 2017
Born	1983 (age 40–41); England
Alma mater	University of Manchester
Spouse	Sarah
	Scientific career
Fields	Astronomy
Institutions	Swinburne University; University of Melbourne; ICRAR; University of Western Australia;

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Alan R Duffy (born 1983) is a professional astronomer and science communicator. He was born in England, raised in Ireland, and is currently based in Australia. He is a professor at the Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing at Swinburne University of Technology, and is the Lead Scientist at the Royal Institution of Australia.

His research is focused on using super-computers to build and test models of the growth of galaxies within vast dark matter halos, and in particular focuses on the formation of the first galaxies in the early universe during the "Epoch of Reionisation". These models aim to improve our understanding of the nature of dark matter, and the large scale properties of the universe.

Early life and studies

Duffy was born in Peterborough, England. His family migrated to Northern Ireland when he was four years old, where he attended Ballyclare High School.^[1]

His undergraduate studies in physics were conducted at the University of Manchester. He incorporated periods of study in the Netherlands on an EU scholarship, working on supercomputers at Europe's oldest observatory in Leiden University, and undertook physics at the University of Amsterdam, even though he spoke no Dutch when he started.^[2] He graduated with a MPhys (1st) in 2005. He completed his PhD in Astronomy and Astrophysics at Jodrell Bank Observatory based in the University of Manchester in 2009, with his thesis entitled "Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe".^[1]^[3]^[4]

Academic career

As Duffy was completing his doctorate, work was starting on the Australian component of the world's largest astronomical facility, the Square Kilometre Array. His doctoral work had covered similar topics, and he was invited to join the first stage of this telescope; the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). He moved to Perth, Western Australia in 2009 to take up the position at the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research. Three years later, he moved to Melbourne to accept an academic post as Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the University of Melbourne, where he investigated the formation of the first galaxies in the early universe.^[1]^[3] Then in 2014 he took up the position of associate professor at Swinburne University of Technology, still based in Melbourne.^[5]^[6]

His supercomputer simulations have shown that in very early galaxies, the rate of star formation was not enough to consume the infalling cold gas. Earlier models had assumed this was essentially molecular hydrogen, but the model from Duffy and the DRAGONS ("Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation") consortium also accounted for atomic (non-molecular) hydrogen. As a result, there was a deficit in the amount of gas that could form stars compared to the amount flowing in.^[7]^[8] By modelling the galaxies like an economy, Duffy was able to show that the early galaxies were in a "Great Galactic Recession". Those simulations focusing on the dark matter around galaxies demonstrate that without the dark matter, there would not have been enough time since the start of the universe for our galaxy to form.^[9]

He has attempted to directly detect this dark matter as part of SABRE ("Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection"), an international research consortium with teams in Italy, USA and Australia. SABRE is constructing the southern hemisphere's first dark matter detector 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) underground in a gold mine in Stawell, Victoria.^[10]^[11]^[12] He is also part of two Australian Research Council Centres of Excellence, investigating the origin of matter (ASTRO-3D) and seeing the Universe with gravitational waves (OzGrav),^[13] and he was a member of the worldwide OWLS (OverWhelmingly Large Simulations) collaboration.^[14]

Science communications

In October 2017, the Royal Institution of Australia announced that it appointed Duffy as its Lead Scientist.^[15]

Duffy appears regularly on ABC's Breakfast News TV, ABC Radio Sydney, ABC Radio Melbourne, Ten's The Project, Nine's Today Weekends and TripleJ's Hack show, where he explains developments in science and space.^[16] He writes a regular column in The Conversation^[17] and the science magazine Cosmos.^[18]

He has presented at TEDx in the Sydney Opera House.^[19] He was the Ambassador for the Sydney Science Festival 2016,^[20] and host for Famelab showcasing Australian research and achievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.^[21] He hosted an Evening with Neil DeGrasse Tyson at the Melbourne Convention Centre, interviewed onstage Lawrence Krauss^[22] as well as Brian Greene,^[23] and presented in a national tour for BBC Worldwide's The Science of Doctor Who.^[24] He was a featured speaker at the Australian Skeptics' national conventions in 2017^[25] and 2018.^[26] In 2018 he was a host of ABC's Stargazing Live series.^[27]

He wrote and starred in a 2012 science documentary about dark matter, Dark. Since December 2012 he has co-hosted the YouTube series Pint in the Sky with Katie Mack,^[28] and in March 2017 he started a new podcast, Cosmic Vertigo with co-host Amanda Bauer.^[29] As part of Science Week 2017, Duffy and Katie Mack launched a virtual reality tour of the Universe, using custom-made headsets and a free app.^[30]

Duffy's good looks have helped to attract media attention – MamaMia commented that "Unfortunately, I couldn’t hear what he was saying over the sound of his cheekbones."^[31]

Personal life

In January 2016, Duffy married Sarah Clarke. He qualified as an Australian citizen in October 2014.^[1]

Duffy has a keen interest in science fiction, telling the Belfast Telegraph:

Sci-fi was a big inspiration. My mum had remarried and my stepdad at the time was a ferocious nerd like me. We watched everything – Star Trek, Star Wars, all the classic sci-fi books by Asimov and Arthur C Clarke – and it opened up this world to me of all these possibilities... And, of course, Stephen Hawking's books – how could you not want to study physics? There are these incredible concepts – black holes, the universe expanding – that are so bizarre and yet are actually part of our world.^[1]

Awards and recognition

2012 – He was named one of Western Australia Sunday Times magazine's "Best and Brightest".^[32]
2013 – Victorian State Finalist in the Fresh Science Award for science communication.^[33]
2013 – Commendation in the Astronomical Society of Australia's Louise Webster Prize for "outstanding research by a scientist early in their post-doctoral career".^[34]
2015 – He was named as one of Men’s Style magazine's Men of Influence in 2015, "recognising the achievements of a diverse range of Australian men under 45 years of age".^[35]
2015 – Commonwealth Bank's Australian of the Day.^[36]
2016 – Finalist for Club Melbourne Fellowship^[37]^[38]
2016 – Finalist for the Australian Museum's Eureka Prize for promoting understanding of Australian science research.^[39]
2016 – Australia's Chief Scientist Alan Finkel named Duffy an "Australian Science Superhero".^[40]
2018 – Winner of the Australian Museum's Celestino Eureka Prize for Promoting Understanding of Science (one of the Eureka Prizes).^[41]^[42]

Publications

As of August 2017^[update], NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) lists 29 publications by Duffy, which have 1,487 citations^[43] while Cornell University's arXiv lists 31 of his papers, covering a range of topics in general astronomy and cosmology.^[44]

Duffy, Alan R.; Battye, Richard A.; Davies, Rod D.; Moss, Adam; Wilkinson, Peter N. (1 January 2008). "Galaxy redshift surveys selected by neutral hydrogen using the Five-hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 383 (1): 150–160. arXiv:0707.2316. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.383..150D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12537.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
Duffy, Alan R.; Schaye, Joop; Kay, Scott T.; Dalla Vecchia., Claudio (March 2008). "Structure of Dark Matter Halos in Cosmological Simulations" (PDF). Proceedings of Cosmology 2008 – 43rd Rencontres de Moriond. Bibcode:2008PhDT........34B. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Duffy, Alan R.; Schaye, Joop; Kay, Scott T.; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla (1 October 2008). "Dark matter halo concentrations in theWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probeyear 5 cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 390 (1): L64 – L68. arXiv:0804.2486. Bibcode:2008MNRAS.390L..64D. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00537.x. ISSN 1745-3925. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
- Duffy, Alan R.; Schaye, Joop; Kay, Scott T.; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla (1 July 2011). "Erratum: Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 415 (1): L85. arXiv:0804.2486. Bibcode:2011MNRAS.415L..85D. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01080.x. ISSN 1745-3925. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Schaye, Joop; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla; Booth, C. M.; Wiersma, Robert P. C.; Theuns, Tom; Haas, Marcel R.; Bertone, Serena; Duffy, Alan R.; McCarthy, I. G.; Voort, Freeke van de (1 March 2010). "The physics driving the cosmic star formation history". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 402 (3): 1536–1560. arXiv:0909.5196. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.1536S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16029.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Duffy, Alan R.; Schaye, Joop; Kay, Scott T.; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla; Battye, Richard A.; Booth, C. M. (11 July 2010). "Impact of baryon physics on dark matter structures: a detailed simulation study of halo density profiles". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 405 (4): 2161. arXiv:1001.3447. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.405.2161D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16613.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Duffy, Alan R.; Kay, Scott T.; Battye, Richard A.; Booth, C. M.; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla; Schaye, Joop (11 March 2012). "Modelling neutral hydrogen in galaxies using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 420 (4): 2799–2818. arXiv:1107.3720. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.420.2799D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19894.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Duffy, Alan R.; Meyer, Martin J.; Staveley-Smith, Lister; Bernyk, Maksym; Croton, Darren J.; Koribalski, Bärbel S.; Gerstmann, Derek; Westerlund, Stefan (11 November 2012). "Predictions for ASKAP neutral hydrogen surveys". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 426 (4): 3385–3402. arXiv:1208.5592. Bibcode:2012MNRAS.426.3385D. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21987.x. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
Duffy, A. R.; Moss, A.; Staveley-Smith, L. (2 January 2013). "Cosmological Surveys with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia. 29 (2): 202–211. arXiv:1103.3944. Bibcode:2012PASA...29..202D. doi:10.1071/AS11013.
Bryan, S. E.; Kay, S. T.; Duffy, A. R.; Schaye, J.; Vecchia, C. D.; Booth, C. M. (11 March 2013). "The impact of baryons on the spins and shapes of dark matter haloes". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 429 (4): 3316–3329. arXiv:1207.4555. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.429.3316B. doi:10.1093/mnras/sts587. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Malarecki, J. M.; Staveley-Smith, L.; Saripalli, L.; Subrahmanyan, R.; Jones, D. H.; Duffy, A. R.; Rioja, M. (11 June 2013). "Giant radio galaxies – I. Intergalactic barometers". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 432 (1): 200–224. arXiv:1303.4825. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.432..200M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stt471. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Correa, C. A.; Wyithe, J. S. B.; Schaye, J.; Duffy, A. R. (2014). "The physical origin of the universal accretion history of dark matter halos". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (2): 1514–1520. arXiv:1409.5228. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.450.1514C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv689.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Duffy, Alan R. (1 August 2014). "Probing the nature of dark energy through galaxy redshift surveys with radio telescopes". Annalen der Physik. 526 (7–8): 283–293. arXiv:1405.7465. Bibcode:2014AnP...526..283D. doi:10.1002/andp.201400059. ISSN 1521-3889.
Duffy, A. R.; Wyithe, J. S. B.; Mutch, S. J.; Poole, G. B. (1 October 2014). "Low-mass galaxy formation and the ionizing photon budget during reionization". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 443 (4): 3435–3443. arXiv:1405.7459. Bibcode:2014MNRAS.443.3435D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu1328. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
Bernyk, Maksym; Croton, Darren J.; Tonini, Chiara; Hodkinson, Luke; Hassan, Amr H.; Garel, Thibault; Duffy, Alan R.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Hegarty, Sarah (2016). "The Theoretical Astrophysical Observatory: Cloud-based Mock Galaxy Catalogs". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 223 (1): 9. arXiv:1403.5270. Bibcode:2016ApJS..223....9B. doi:10.3847/0067-0049/223/1/9. ISSN 0067-0049.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

The accretion history of dark matter haloes – in three parts:

- Correa, C. A.; Wyithe, J. S. B.; Schaye, J.; Duffy, A. R. (21 June 2015). "The accretion history of dark matter haloes – I. The physical origin of the universal function". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (2): 1514–1520. arXiv:1409.5228. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.450.1514C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv689. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Correa, C. A.; Wyithe, J. S. B.; Schaye, J.; Duffy, A. R. (21 June 2015). "The accretion history of dark matter haloes – II. The connections with the mass power spectrum and the density profile". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (2): 1521–1537. arXiv:1501.04382. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.450.1521C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv697. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Correa, Camila A.; Wyithe, J. Stuart B.; Schaye, Joop; Duffy, Alan R. (11 September 2015). "The accretion history of dark matter haloes – III. A physical model for the concentration–mass relation". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 452 (2): 1217–1232. arXiv:1502.00391. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.452.1217C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1363. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy formation simulation:

- Poole, Gregory B.; Angel, Paul W.; Mutch, Simon J.; Power, Chris; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, Stuart B. (1 July 2016). "Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy formation simulation – I. The dynamical lives of high-redshift galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 459 (3): 3025–3039. arXiv:1512.00559. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.459.3025P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw674. hdl:1959.3/421514. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Angel, Paul W.; Poole, Gregory B.; Ludlow, Aaron D.; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Mutch, Simon J.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (21 June 2016). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – II. Spin and concentration parameters for dark matter haloes during the epoch of reionization". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 459 (2): 2106–2117. arXiv:1512.00560. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.459.2106A. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw737. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Mutch, Simon J.; Geil, Paul M.; Poole, Gregory B.; Angel, Paul W.; Duffy, Alan R.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (11 October 2016). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – III. Modelling galaxy formation and the epoch of reionization". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 462 (1): 250–276. arXiv:1512.00562. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.462..250M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1506. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Liu, Chuanwu; Mutch, Simon J.; Angel, P. W.; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Poole, Gregory B.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (11 October 2016). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – IV. UV luminosity functions of high-redshift galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 462 (1): 235–249. arXiv:1512.00563. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.462..235L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1015. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Geil, Paul M.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Angel, Paul W.; Duffy, Alan R.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (11 October 2016). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation V: morphology and statistical signatures of reionization". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 462 (1): 804–817. arXiv:1512.00564. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.462..804G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1718. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Mutch, Simon J.; Liu, Chuanwu; Poole, Gregory B.; Geil, Paul M.; Duffy, Alan R.; Trenti, Michele; Oesch, Pascal A.; Illingworth, Garth D.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (21 December 2016). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation– VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 463 (4): 3556–3562. arXiv:1605.08054. Bibcode:2016MNRAS.463.3556M. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2187. hdl:1959.3/423663. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Liu, Chuanwu; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Angel, P. W.; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (1 March 2017). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation – VII. The sizes of high-redshift galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 465 (3): 3134–3142. arXiv:1608.00819. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.465.3134L. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw2912. hdl:1959.3/435215. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Qin, Yuxiang; Duffy, Alan R.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Geil, Paul M.; Angel, Paul W.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (21 May 2017). "Dark-ages Reionization & Galaxy Formation Simulation VIII. Suppressed growth of dark matter halos during the Epoch of Reionization". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 467 (2): stx083. arXiv:1701.03538. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.467.1678Q. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx083. hdl:1959.3/436762. ISSN 0035-8711. Retrieved 17 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Duffy, Alan R.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Geil, Paul M.; Kim, Han-Seek; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (21 September 2017). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – IX. Economics of reionizing galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 470 (3): 3300–3315. arXiv:1705.07255. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.470.3300D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1242. ISSN 0035-8711.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Qin, Yuxiang; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Liu, Chuanwu; Angel, Paul W.; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (2017). "Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation – X. The small contribution of quasars to reionization". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 472 (2): 2009. arXiv:1703.04895. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.472.2009Q. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1909.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Park, Jaehong; Kim, Han-Seek; Liu, Chuanwu; Trenti, M.; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (15 March 2017). "Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation XI: Clustering and halo masses of high redshift galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 472 (2): 1995. arXiv:1703.05419. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.472.1995P. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1884.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Geil, Paul M.; Mutch, Simon J.; Poole, Gregory B.; Duffy, Alan R.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (2017). "Dark-ages reionization & galaxy formation simulation XII: Bubbles at dawn". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 472 (2): 1324. arXiv:1704.05175. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.472.1324G. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1841.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
- Qin, Yuxiang; Mutch, Simon J.; Duffy, Alan R.; Geil, Paul M.; Poole, Gregory B.; Mesinger, Andrei; Wyithe, J. Stuart B. (11 April 2017). "Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation – XIII. AGN quenching of high redshift star formation in ZF-COSMOS-20115". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 471 (4): 4345–4354. arXiv:1704.03274. Bibcode:2017MNRAS.471.4345Q. doi:10.1093/mnras/stx1852.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Jones, Chris (27 May 2015). "Dr Alan Duffy: Why this Ballyclare boffin has stars in his eyes". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ Duffy, Alan (2 September 2016). "A Letter To My 17-Year-Old Self, By Astronomer And Astrophysicist Alan Duffy". Junkee. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ ^a ^b Green, Sue (9 April 2016). "Stargazer teaches earthly realities". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ Duffy, Alan R (2009). "Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe". Thesis. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
^ "Staff, Associate Professor Alan Duffy". swin.edu.au. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
^ Kivivali, Lea (24 March 2014). "Astronomer Alan Duffy joins Swinburne". www.swinburne.edu.au. Swinburne news. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
^ "The Great Galactic Recession". Cosmos. 25 July 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ "People". dragons.ph.unimelb.edu.au. DRAGONS – Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ Alan Duffy is working to solve the mystery of Dark Matter (radio broadcast). Conversations with Richard Fidler. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 April 2015. 19:00 minutes in. Retrieved 23 August 2017.
^ "Astrophysicist Alan Duffy is mining for dark matter". Conversations with Richard Fidler. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ Kivivali, Lea (20 May 2016). "Swinburne researchers join the underground hunt for the universe's dark side". Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ Duffy, Alan (17 September 2015). "How we plan to bring dark matter to light". The Conversation. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ Scott, Julia (8 September 2016). "New ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery announced". Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ Schaye, Joop; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla; Booth, C. M.; Wiersma, Robert P. C.; Theuns, Tom; Haas, Marcel R.; Bertone, Serena; Duffy, Alan R.; McCarthy, I. G.; van de Voort, Freeke (1 March 2010). "The physics driving the cosmic star formation history". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 402 (3): 1536–1560. arXiv:0909.5196. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.1536S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16029.x.
^ LeMessurier, Julie (9 October 2017). "ALAN DUFFY TO JOIN AUSTRALIA'S SCIENCE CHANNEL" (PDF). riaus.org.au.
^ "Alan Duffy". ABC News. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ "Alan Duffy". The Conversation. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ "Alan Duffy's author page". Cosmos Magazine.
^ "Alan Duffy". TEDxSydney. Retrieved 22 August 2017.
^ "Sydney Science Festival 2016". National Science Week. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ Samata, Cahli (5 May 2017). "The highlights of the FameLab National Final 2017". Particle. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ "Lawrence Krauss: The Greatest Story Ever Told... So Far". www.swf.org.au. Sydney Writers' Festival. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
^ Kivivali, Lea (8 March 2016). "Dr Alan Duffy to host evening with Brian Greene". Swinburne News. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
^ Bochenski, Natalie (6 May 2014). "Scientists delve into Doctor Who". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ "Skepticon". Inspiring Australia. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ "Australian Skeptics National Convention 2018". skeptics.com.au. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
^ "Our Focus: Stargazing – ABC". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 17 August 2018.
^ Pint in the Sky playlist on YouTube
^ Condie, Sarah (27 March 2017). "New podcast takes us to the dizzy heights". Cosmos magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
^ Kivivali, Lea (11 August 2017). "Explore the Final Frontier through the eyes of Australia's famed astronomers". Swinburne News. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
^ Robin, Joanna (30 September 2015). "A post for anyone who just asked 'Jeez, who's that bloody hot astronomer?'". Mamamia. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ "WA's best and brightest achievers". The Sunday Times. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ "Fresh Science 2013 state finalists". freshscience.org.au. Science in Public Pty Ltd. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ "The Louise Webster Prize". asa.astronomy.org.au. The Astronomical Society of Australia. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
^ "Men of Influence 2015" (PDF). Men’s Style magazine. 2015. p. 112.
^ "Our 190th Australian of the Day, Dr Alan Duffy". www.facebook.com. Commonwealth Bank of Australia. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
^ "Club Melbourne Fellowship finalists revealed". www.clubmelbourne.com.au. Club Melbourne. July 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
^ Kivivali, Lea (7 July 2016). "Dr Alan Duffy shortlisted for Club Melbourne Fellowship". Swinburne University News. Retrieved 27 August 2017.
^ "2016 Eureka Prizes Finalists". www.australianmuseum.net.au. Australian Museum. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ "Australian Science Superheroes 2016 – Alan Duffy". www.chiefscientist.gov.au. Office of Australia's Chief Scientist. Retrieved 10 August 2017.
^ "Swinburne's Alan Duffy wins Eureka Prize for promoting science". www.swinburne.edu.au. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
^ The Science Show – Eureka awards recognise high achievers in science. ABC Radio National. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
^ "Author Query Results for Alan R Duffy". adsabs.harvard.edu. SAO/NASA. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
^ "Search results for au:Duffy_A". arXiv.org. Cornell University Library. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

External links

Duffy's Official website
Duffy's staff page at Swinburne University Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing
Alan Duffy at IMDb

[Ballyclare-1] Jones, Chris (27 May 2015). "Dr Alan Duffy: Why this Ballyclare boffin has stars in his eyes". Belfast Telegraph. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

[2] Duffy, Alan (2 September 2016). "A Letter To My 17-Year-Old Self, By Astronomer And Astrophysicist Alan Duffy". Junkee. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

[Green_2016-3] Green, Sue (9 April 2016). "Stargazer teaches earthly realities". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

[4] Duffy, Alan R (2009). "Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe". Thesis. Retrieved 17 August 2017.

[5] "Staff, Associate Professor Alan Duffy". swin.edu.au. Retrieved 28 August 2017.

[6] Kivivali, Lea (24 March 2014). "Astronomer Alan Duffy joins Swinburne". www.swinburne.edu.au. Swinburne news. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[7] "The Great Galactic Recession". Cosmos. 25 July 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

[8] "People". dragons.ph.unimelb.edu.au. DRAGONS – Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

[9] Alan Duffy is working to solve the mystery of Dark Matter (radio broadcast). Conversations with Richard Fidler. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 9 April 2015. 19:00 minutes in. Retrieved 23 August 2017.

[Conversation_2016-10] "Astrophysicist Alan Duffy is mining for dark matter". Conversations with Richard Fidler. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 30 June 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2017.

[11] Kivivali, Lea (20 May 2016). "Swinburne researchers join the underground hunt for the universe's dark side". Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved 22 August 2017.

[12] Duffy, Alan (17 September 2015). "How we plan to bring dark matter to light". The Conversation. Retrieved 22 August 2017.

[13] Scott, Julia (8 September 2016). "New ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery announced". Swinburne University of Technology. Retrieved 22 August 2017.

[14] Schaye, Joop; Vecchia, Claudio Dalla; Booth, C. M.; Wiersma, Robert P. C.; Theuns, Tom; Haas, Marcel R.; Bertone, Serena; Duffy, Alan R.; McCarthy, I. G.; van de Voort, Freeke (1 March 2010). "The physics driving the cosmic star formation history". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 402 (3): 1536–1560. arXiv:0909.5196. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.1536S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16029.x.

[15] LeMessurier, Julie (9 October 2017). "ALAN DUFFY TO JOIN AUSTRALIA'S SCIENCE CHANNEL" (PDF). riaus.org.au.

[16] "Alan Duffy". ABC News. 13 November 2014. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[17] "Alan Duffy". The Conversation. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[18] "Alan Duffy's author page". Cosmos Magazine.

[19] "Alan Duffy". TEDxSydney. Retrieved 22 August 2017.

[20] "Sydney Science Festival 2016". National Science Week. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[21] Samata, Cahli (5 May 2017). "The highlights of the FameLab National Final 2017". Particle. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[22] "Lawrence Krauss: The Greatest Story Ever Told... So Far". www.swf.org.au. Sydney Writers' Festival. 25 May 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.

[23] Kivivali, Lea (8 March 2016). "Dr Alan Duffy to host evening with Brian Greene". Swinburne News. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[24] Bochenski, Natalie (6 May 2014). "Scientists delve into Doctor Who". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[25] "Skepticon". Inspiring Australia. 4 September 2017. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[26] "Australian Skeptics National Convention 2018". skeptics.com.au. Retrieved 18 August 2018.

[27] "Our Focus: Stargazing – ABC". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 17 August 2018.

[28] Pint in the Sky playlist on YouTube

[29] Condie, Sarah (27 March 2017). "New podcast takes us to the dizzy heights". Cosmos magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2017.

[30] Kivivali, Lea (11 August 2017). "Explore the Final Frontier through the eyes of Australia's famed astronomers". Swinburne News. Retrieved 29 August 2017.

[31] Robin, Joanna (30 September 2015). "A post for anyone who just asked 'Jeez, who's that bloody hot astronomer?'". Mamamia. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

[32] "WA's best and brightest achievers". The Sunday Times. 28 January 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

[33] "Fresh Science 2013 state finalists". freshscience.org.au. Science in Public Pty Ltd. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

[34] "The Louise Webster Prize". asa.astronomy.org.au. The Astronomical Society of Australia. Retrieved 27 August 2017.

[35] "Men of Influence 2015" (PDF). Men’s Style magazine. 2015. p. 112.

[36] "Our 190th Australian of the Day, Dr Alan Duffy". www.facebook.com. Commonwealth Bank of Australia. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 19 August 2017.

[37] "Club Melbourne Fellowship finalists revealed". www.clubmelbourne.com.au. Club Melbourne. July 2016. Retrieved 27 August 2017.

[38] Kivivali, Lea (7 July 2016). "Dr Alan Duffy shortlisted for Club Melbourne Fellowship". Swinburne University News. Retrieved 27 August 2017.

[39] "2016 Eureka Prizes Finalists". www.australianmuseum.net.au. Australian Museum. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

[40] "Australian Science Superheroes 2016 – Alan Duffy". www.chiefscientist.gov.au. Office of Australia's Chief Scientist. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

[41] "Swinburne's Alan Duffy wins Eureka Prize for promoting science". www.swinburne.edu.au. 30 August 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.

[42] The Science Show – Eureka awards recognise high achievers in science. ABC Radio National. 31 August 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2019.

[43] "Author Query Results for Alan R Duffy". adsabs.harvard.edu. SAO/NASA. Retrieved 17 August 2017.

[44] "Search results for au:Duffy_A". arXiv.org. Cornell University Library. Retrieved 10 August 2017.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{About|the professional astronomer|other people with the same name|Alan Duffy (disambiguation)}}
 {{Short description| Professional astronomer and science communicator (born 1983).}}
+{{About|the professional astronomer|other people with the same name|Alan Duffy (disambiguation)}}
 {{Use Australian English|date=September 2017}}
 {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2019}}
@@ Line 40: / Line 40: @@
 }}
-'''Alan R Duffy''' (born 1983) is a professional [[astronomer]] and [[Science communication|science communicator]].  He was born in England, raised in Ireland, and is currently based in Australia.  He is a Professor at the [[Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing]] at [[Swinburne University of Technology]], and is the Lead Scientist at the [[Royal Institution of Australia]].
+'''Alan R Duffy''' (born 1983) is a professional [[astronomer]] and [[Science communication|science communicator]].  He was born in England, raised in Ireland, and is currently based in Australia.  He is a professor at the [[Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing]] at [[Swinburne University of Technology]], and is the Lead Scientist at the [[Royal Institution of Australia]].
 His research is focused on using [[super-computer]]s to build and test models of the growth of galaxies within vast dark matter halos, and in particular focuses on the formation of the first galaxies in the early universe during the "Epoch of [[Reionisation]]".  These models aim to improve our understanding of the nature of [[dark matter]], and the large scale properties of the universe.
@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 ==Early life and studies==
-Duffy was born in [[Peterborough]], England.  His family migrated to Northern Ireland when he was four years old, where he attended [[Ballyclare High School]].<ref name=Ballyclare>{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Chris|title=Dr Alan Duffy: Why this Ballyclare boffin has stars in his eyes|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/dr-alan-duffy-why-this-ballyclare-boffin-has-stars-in-his-eyes-31256104.html|accessdate=10 August 2017|work=Belfast Telegraph |date=27 May 2015|language=en}}</ref>
+Duffy was born in [[Peterborough]], England.  His family migrated to Northern Ireland when he was four years old, where he attended [[Ballyclare High School]].<ref name=Ballyclare>{{cite news|last1=Jones|first1=Chris|title=Dr Alan Duffy: Why this Ballyclare boffin has stars in his eyes|url=http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/features/dr-alan-duffy-why-this-ballyclare-boffin-has-stars-in-his-eyes-31256104.html|access-date=10 August 2017|work=Belfast Telegraph |date=27 May 2015|language=en}}</ref>
-His undergraduate studies in physics were conducted at the [[Manchester University|University of Manchester]].  He incorporated periods of study in the Netherlands on an EU scholarship, working on supercomputers at Europe's oldest observatory in [[Leiden University]], and undertook physics at the [[University of Amsterdam]], even though he spoke no Dutch when he started.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan|title=A Letter To My 17-Year-Old Self, By Astronomer And Astrophysicist Alan Duffy|url=http://junkee.com/letter-17-year-old-self-astronomer-astrophysicist-alan-duffy/83129|accessdate=23 August 2017|work=Junkee|date=2 September 2016}}</ref>  He graduated with a [[Master of Physics|MPhys]] (1st) in 2005.
+His undergraduate studies in physics were conducted at the [[Manchester University|University of Manchester]].  He incorporated periods of study in the Netherlands on an EU scholarship, working on supercomputers at Europe's oldest observatory in [[Leiden University]], and undertook physics at the [[University of Amsterdam]], even though he spoke no Dutch when he started.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan|title=A Letter To My 17-Year-Old Self, By Astronomer And Astrophysicist Alan Duffy|url=http://junkee.com/letter-17-year-old-self-astronomer-astrophysicist-alan-duffy/83129|access-date=23 August 2017|work=Junkee|date=2 September 2016}}</ref>  He graduated with a [[Master of Physics|MPhys]] (1st) in 2005.
-He completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in Astronomy and Astrophysics at [[Jodrell Bank]] Observatory based in the University of Manchester in 2009, with his thesis entitled "Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe".<ref name=Ballyclare/><ref name=Green_2016>{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Sue|title=Stargazer teaches earthly realities|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/stargazer-teaches-earthly-realities-20160402-gnwv9d|accessdate=10 August 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=9 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R|title=Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe|journal=Thesis|date=2009|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503055|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref>
+He completed his [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]] in Astronomy and Astrophysics at [[Jodrell Bank]] Observatory based in the University of Manchester in 2009, with his thesis entitled "Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe".<ref name=Ballyclare/><ref name=Green_2016>{{cite news|last1=Green|first1=Sue|title=Stargazer teaches earthly realities|url=http://www.smh.com.au/business/workplace-relations/stargazer-teaches-earthly-realities-20160402-gnwv9d|access-date=10 August 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=9 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R|title=Investigation of large scale structure in the Universe|journal=Thesis|date=2009|url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503055|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref>
 ==Academic career==
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 He moved to [[Perth]], Western Australia in 2009 to take up the position at the [[International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research]].
 Three years later, he moved to [[Melbourne]] to accept an academic post as Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the [[University of Melbourne]], where he investigated the formation of the first galaxies in the early universe.<ref name=Ballyclare/><ref name=Green_2016/>
-Then in 2014 he took up the position of Associate Professor at Swinburne University of Technology, still based in Melbourne.<ref>{{cite web|title=Staff, Associate Professor Alan Duffy|url=http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/staff/aduffy.html|website=swin.edu.au|access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2014/03/alan-duffy-joins-swinburne-as-research-fellow-and-science-communicator.php|title=Astronomer Alan Duffy joins Swinburne|last=Kivivali|first=Lea|date=24 March 2014|website=www.swinburne.edu.au|publisher=Swinburne news|language=en-au|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>
+Then in 2014 he took up the position of associate professor at Swinburne University of Technology, still based in Melbourne.<ref>{{cite web|title=Staff, Associate Professor Alan Duffy|url=http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/staff/aduffy.html|website=swin.edu.au|access-date=28 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2014/03/alan-duffy-joins-swinburne-as-research-fellow-and-science-communicator.php|title=Astronomer Alan Duffy joins Swinburne|last=Kivivali|first=Lea|date=24 March 2014|website=www.swinburne.edu.au|publisher=Swinburne news|language=en-au|access-date=29 August 2017}}</ref>
 [[File:Duffy galaxy gas simulation.png|thumb|Duffy's simulation of the density of gas in and around a galaxy just over a billion years after the Big Bang. New gas is arriving at too great a rate for the galaxy to convert it into stars and the gas piles up.]]
-His supercomputer simulations have shown that in very early galaxies, the rate of star formation was not enough to consume&nbsp;the infalling cold gas.  Earlier models had assumed this was essentially molecular hydrogen, but the model from Duffy and the DRAGONS ("Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation") consortium also accounted for&nbsp;atomic (non-molecular) hydrogen.  As a result, there was a deficit in the amount of gas that could form&nbsp;stars compared to the amount flowing in.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Great Galactic Recession|journal=Cosmos|date=25 July 2017|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/the-great-galactic-recession|accessdate=23 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=People |url=http://dragons.ph.unimelb.edu.au/people.html |website=dragons.ph.unimelb.edu.au |publisher=DRAGONS – Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation |accessdate=23 August 2017}}</ref> By modelling the galaxies like an economy, Duffy was able to show that the early galaxies were in a "Great Galactic Recession". Those simulations focusing on the dark matter around galaxies demonstrate that without the dark matter, there would not have been enough time since the start of the universe for our galaxy to form.<ref>{{cite AV media
+His supercomputer simulations have shown that in very early galaxies, the rate of star formation was not enough to consume&nbsp;the infalling cold gas.  Earlier models had assumed this was essentially molecular hydrogen, but the model from Duffy and the DRAGONS ("Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation") consortium also accounted for&nbsp;atomic (non-molecular) hydrogen.  As a result, there was a deficit in the amount of gas that could form&nbsp;stars compared to the amount flowing in.<ref>{{cite journal|title=The Great Galactic Recession|journal=Cosmos|date=25 July 2017|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/the-great-galactic-recession|access-date=23 August 2017|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=People |url=http://dragons.ph.unimelb.edu.au/people.html |website=dragons.ph.unimelb.edu.au |publisher=DRAGONS – Dark-ages, Reionization And Galaxy-formation Observables Numerical Simulation |access-date=23 August 2017}}</ref> By modelling the galaxies like an economy, Duffy was able to show that the early galaxies were in a "Great Galactic Recession". Those simulations focusing on the dark matter around galaxies demonstrate that without the dark matter, there would not have been enough time since the start of the universe for our galaxy to form.<ref>{{cite AV media
  | date = 9 April 2015
  | title = Alan Duffy is working to solve the mystery of Dark Matter
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 }}</ref>
-He has attempted to directly detect this dark matter as part of SABRE ("Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection"), an international research consortium with teams in Italy, USA and Australia.  SABRE is constructing the southern hemisphere's first dark matter detector {{convert|1|km}} underground in a gold mine in [[Stawell, Victoria]].<ref name="Conversation_2016">{{cite web|title=Astrophysicist Alan Duffy is mining for dark matter|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2016/06/30/4491861.htm|website=Conversations with Richard Fidler|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|accessdate=22 August 2017|language=en-au|date=30 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kivivali|first1=Lea|title=Swinburne researchers join the underground hunt for the universe's dark side|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/05/swinburne-researchers-join-the-underground-hunt-for-the-universes-dark-side.php|publisher=Swinburne University of Technology|accessdate=22 August 2017|language=en-AU|date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan|title=How we plan to bring dark matter to light|url=https://theconversation.com/how-we-plan-to-bring-dark-matter-to-light-46989|work=The Conversation|accessdate=22 August 2017|language=en|date=17 September 2015}}</ref> He is also part of two [[Australian Research Council]] Centres of Excellence, investigating the origin of matter ([[ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics|ASTRO-3D]]) and seeing the Universe with [[gravitational wave]]s (OzGrav),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Scott|first1=Julia|title=New ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery announced|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/09/new-arc-centre-of-excellence-for-gravitational-wave-discovery-announced.php|publisher=Swinburne University of Technology|accessdate=22 August 2017|language=en-AU|date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
+He has attempted to directly detect this dark matter as part of SABRE ("Sodium-iodide with Active Background REjection"), an international research consortium with teams in Italy, USA and Australia.  SABRE is constructing the southern hemisphere's first dark matter detector {{convert|1|km}} underground in a gold mine in [[Stawell, Victoria]].<ref name="Conversation_2016">{{cite web|title=Astrophysicist Alan Duffy is mining for dark matter|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2016/06/30/4491861.htm|website=Conversations with Richard Fidler|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|access-date=22 August 2017|language=en-au|date=30 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Kivivali|first1=Lea|title=Swinburne researchers join the underground hunt for the universe's dark side|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/05/swinburne-researchers-join-the-underground-hunt-for-the-universes-dark-side.php|publisher=Swinburne University of Technology|access-date=22 August 2017|language=en-AU|date=20 May 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan|title=How we plan to bring dark matter to light|url=https://theconversation.com/how-we-plan-to-bring-dark-matter-to-light-46989|work=The Conversation|access-date=22 August 2017|language=en|date=17 September 2015}}</ref> He is also part of two [[Australian Research Council]] Centres of Excellence, investigating the origin of matter ([[ARC Centre of Excellence for All-Sky Astrophysics|ASTRO-3D]]) and seeing the Universe with [[gravitational wave]]s (OzGrav),<ref>{{cite web|last1=Scott|first1=Julia|title=New ARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave Discovery announced|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/09/new-arc-centre-of-excellence-for-gravitational-wave-discovery-announced.php|publisher=Swinburne University of Technology|access-date=22 August 2017|language=en-AU|date=8 September 2016}}</ref>
 and he was a member of the worldwide OWLS (OverWhelmingly Large Simulations) collaboration.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Schaye|first1=Joop|last2=Vecchia|first2=Claudio Dalla|last3=Booth|first3=C. M.|last4=Wiersma|first4=Robert P. C.|last5=Theuns|first5=Tom|last6=Haas|first6=Marcel R.|last7=Bertone|first7=Serena|last8=Duffy|first8=Alan R.|last9=McCarthy|first9=I. G.|last10=van de Voort|first10=Freeke|title=The physics driving the cosmic star formation history|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 March 2010|volume=402|issue=3|pages=1536–1560|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16029.x|bibcode=2010MNRAS.402.1536S|arxiv=0909.5196}}</ref>
@@ Line 79: / Line 79: @@
 In October 2017, the [[Royal Institution of Australia]] announced that it appointed Duffy as its Lead Scientist.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://riaus.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/171009-MediaRelease-Alan-Duffy-to-join-Australias-Science-Channel-1.pdf|title=ALAN DUFFY TO JOIN AUSTRALIA'S SCIENCE CHANNEL|last=LeMessurier|first=Julie|date=9 October 2017|website=riaus.org.au}}</ref>
-Duffy appears regularly on [[ABC News Breakfast|ABC's Breakfast News]] TV, [[ABC Radio Sydney]], [[ABC Radio Melbourne]], Ten's ''[[The Project (Australian TV program)|The Project]]'', Nine's ''[[Today (Australian TV program)|Today Weekends]]'' and TripleJ's ''[[Hack (radio program)|Hack]]'' show, where he explains developments in science and space.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan Duffy|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/alan-duffy/5887736|website=ABC News|accessdate=20 August 2017|language=en-AU|date=13 November 2014}}</ref>
+Duffy appears regularly on [[ABC News Breakfast|ABC's Breakfast News]] TV, [[ABC Radio Sydney]], [[ABC Radio Melbourne]], Ten's ''[[The Project (Australian TV program)|The Project]]'', Nine's ''[[Today (Australian TV program)|Today Weekends]]'' and TripleJ's ''[[Hack (radio program)|Hack]]'' show, where he explains developments in science and space.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan Duffy|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/alan-duffy/5887736|website=ABC News|access-date=20 August 2017|language=en-AU|date=13 November 2014}}</ref>
-He writes a regular column in ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan Duffy|url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/alan-duffy-95986|website=The Conversation|accessdate=20 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> and the science magazine ''[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Alan Duffy's author page|journal=Cosmos Magazine|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributors/alan-duffy|language=en}}</ref>
+He writes a regular column in ''[[The Conversation (website)|The Conversation]]''<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan Duffy|url=https://theconversation.com/profiles/alan-duffy-95986|website=The Conversation|access-date=20 August 2017|language=en}}</ref> and the science magazine ''[[Cosmos (magazine)|Cosmos]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Alan Duffy's author page|journal=Cosmos Magazine|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/contributors/alan-duffy|language=en}}</ref>
-He has presented at [[TEDx]] in the [[Sydney Opera House]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan Duffy|url=https://tedxsydney.com/contributor/alan-duffy/|website=TEDxSydney|accessdate=22 August 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref>
+He has presented at [[TEDx]] in the [[Sydney Opera House]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Alan Duffy|url=https://tedxsydney.com/contributor/alan-duffy/|website=TEDxSydney|access-date=22 August 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref>
-He was the Ambassador for the Sydney Science Festival 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sydney Science Festival 2016|url=https://www.scienceweek.net.au/sydney-science-festival-2016/|website=National Science Week|accessdate=20 August 2017}}</ref> and host for [[Cheltenham Science Festival#FameLab|Famelab]] showcasing Australian research and achievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Samata |first1=Cahli |title=The highlights of the FameLab National Final 2017 |url=https://particle.scitech.org.au/people/highlights-famelab-2017/ |work=Particle |accessdate=20 August 2017 |date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
+He was the Ambassador for the Sydney Science Festival 2016,<ref>{{cite web|title=Sydney Science Festival 2016|url=https://www.scienceweek.net.au/sydney-science-festival-2016/|website=National Science Week|access-date=20 August 2017}}</ref> and host for [[Cheltenham Science Festival#FameLab|Famelab]] showcasing Australian research and achievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Samata |first1=Cahli |title=The highlights of the FameLab National Final 2017 |url=https://particle.scitech.org.au/people/highlights-famelab-2017/ |work=Particle |access-date=20 August 2017 |date=5 May 2017}}</ref>
-He hosted an Evening with&nbsp;[[Neil deGrasse Tyson|Neil DeGrasse Tyson]] at the Melbourne Convention Centre, interviewed onstage [[Lawrence M. Krauss|Lawrence Krauss]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawrence Krauss: The Greatest Story Ever Told... So Far|url=https://www.swf.org.au/festivals/festival-2017/lawrence-krauss-the-greatest-story-ever-told-so-far/|website=www.swf.org.au|publisher=Sydney Writers' Festival|accessdate=31 August 2017|language=en|date=25 May 2017}}</ref> as well as [[Brian Greene]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/03/dr-alan-duffy-to-host-evening-with-brian-greene.php|title=Dr Alan Duffy to host evening with Brian Greene|last=Kivivali|first=Lea|date=8 March 2016|work=Swinburne News|access-date=29 August 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref> and presented in a national tour for [[BBC Worldwide]]'s ''[[The Science of Doctor Who]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bochenski|first1=Natalie|title=Scientists delve into Doctor Who|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/scientists-delve-into-doctor-who-20140506-zr5q3.html|accessdate=20 August 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 May 2014}}</ref>
+He hosted an Evening with&nbsp;[[Neil deGrasse Tyson|Neil DeGrasse Tyson]] at the Melbourne Convention Centre, interviewed onstage [[Lawrence M. Krauss|Lawrence Krauss]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Lawrence Krauss: The Greatest Story Ever Told... So Far|url=https://www.swf.org.au/festivals/festival-2017/lawrence-krauss-the-greatest-story-ever-told-so-far/|website=www.swf.org.au|publisher=Sydney Writers' Festival|access-date=31 August 2017|language=en|date=25 May 2017}}</ref> as well as [[Brian Greene]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/03/dr-alan-duffy-to-host-evening-with-brian-greene.php|title=Dr Alan Duffy to host evening with Brian Greene|last=Kivivali|first=Lea|date=8 March 2016|work=Swinburne News|access-date=29 August 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref> and presented in a national tour for [[BBC Worldwide]]'s ''[[The Science of Doctor Who]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bochenski|first1=Natalie|title=Scientists delve into Doctor Who|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/scientists-delve-into-doctor-who-20140506-zr5q3.html|access-date=20 August 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=6 May 2014}}</ref>
-He was a featured speaker at the [[Australian Skeptics]]' national conventions in 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Skepticon |url=https://inspiringnsw.org.au/2017/09/04/skepticon/ |website=Inspiring Australia |accessdate=18 August 2018 |date=4 September 2017}}</ref> and 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Skeptics National Convention 2018 |url=https://convention.skeptics.com.au/ |website=skeptics.com.au |accessdate=18 August 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
+He was a featured speaker at the [[Australian Skeptics]]' national conventions in 2017<ref>{{cite web |title=Skepticon |url=https://inspiringnsw.org.au/2017/09/04/skepticon/ |website=Inspiring Australia |access-date=18 August 2018 |date=4 September 2017}}</ref> and 2018.<ref>{{cite web |title=Australian Skeptics National Convention 2018 |url=https://convention.skeptics.com.au/ |website=skeptics.com.au |access-date=18 August 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
-In 2018 he was a host of ABC's ''[[Stargazing Live#Stargazing Live in Australia|Stargazing Live]]'' series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Focus: Stargazing – ABC |url=http://www.abc.net.au/ourfocus/stargazing/ |website=www.abc.net.au |accessdate=17 August 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
+In 2018 he was a host of ABC's ''[[Stargazing Live#Stargazing Live in Australia|Stargazing Live]]'' series.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Focus: Stargazing – ABC |url=http://www.abc.net.au/ourfocus/stargazing/ |website=www.abc.net.au |access-date=17 August 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
-He wrote and starred in a 2012 science documentary about dark matter, ''Dark''<!--, which has been shown in 148 planetariums in 25 countries worldwide -->. Since December 2012 he has co-hosted the YouTube series ''Pint in the Sky'' with [[Katie Mack (astronomer)|Katie Mack]],<ref>{{YouTube|playlist=PL83nv8UNFC0ovxN2KyKVBtgANAS7QSVYf|title=Pint in the Sky}}</ref> and in March 2017 he started a new podcast, ''Cosmic Vertigo'' with co-host [[Amanda Bauer]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Condie|first1=Sarah|title=New podcast takes us to the dizzy heights |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/new-podcast-takes-us-to-the-dizzy-heights |accessdate=20 August 2017 |work=Cosmos magazine |date=27 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> As part of [[National Science Week#Australia|Science Week]] 2017, Duffy and [[Katie Mack (astronomer)|Katie Mack]] launched a virtual reality tour of the Universe, using custom-made headsets and a free app.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2017/08/explore-the-final-frontier-through-the-eyes-of-australias-famed-astronomers.php|title=Explore the Final Frontier through the eyes of Australia's famed astronomers|last=Kivivali|first=Lea|date=11 August 2017|work=Swinburne News|access-date=29 August 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref>
+He wrote and starred in a 2012 science documentary about dark matter, ''Dark''<!--, which has been shown in 148 planetariums in 25 countries worldwide -->. Since December 2012 he has co-hosted the YouTube series ''Pint in the Sky'' with [[Katie Mack (astronomer)|Katie Mack]],<ref>{{YouTube|playlist=PL83nv8UNFC0ovxN2KyKVBtgANAS7QSVYf|title=Pint in the Sky}}</ref> and in March 2017 he started a new podcast, ''Cosmic Vertigo'' with co-host [[Amanda Bauer]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Condie|first1=Sarah|title=New podcast takes us to the dizzy heights |url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/space/new-podcast-takes-us-to-the-dizzy-heights |access-date=20 August 2017 |work=Cosmos magazine |date=27 March 2017 |language=en}}</ref> As part of [[National Science Week#Australia|Science Week]] 2017, Duffy and [[Katie Mack (astronomer)|Katie Mack]] launched a virtual reality tour of the Universe, using custom-made headsets and a free app.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2017/08/explore-the-final-frontier-through-the-eyes-of-australias-famed-astronomers.php|title=Explore the Final Frontier through the eyes of Australia's famed astronomers|last=Kivivali|first=Lea|date=11 August 2017|work=Swinburne News|access-date=29 August 2017|language=en-AU}}</ref>
-Duffy's good looks have helped to attract media attention – ''[[Mamamia (website)|MamaMia]]'' commented that "Unfortunately, I couldn’t hear what he was saying over the sound of his cheekbones."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Robin|first1=Joanna|title=A post for anyone who just asked 'Jeez, who's that bloody hot astronomer?'.|url=http://www.mamamia.com.au/alan-duffy/|website=Mamamia|accessdate=10 August 2017|date=30 September 2015}}</ref>
+Duffy's good looks have helped to attract media attention – ''[[Mamamia (website)|MamaMia]]'' commented that "Unfortunately, I couldn’t hear what he was saying over the sound of his cheekbones."<ref>{{cite web|last1=Robin|first1=Joanna|title=A post for anyone who just asked 'Jeez, who's that bloody hot astronomer?'.|url=http://www.mamamia.com.au/alan-duffy/|website=Mamamia|access-date=10 August 2017|date=30 September 2015}}</ref>
 ==Personal life==
@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 ==Awards and recognition==
-* 2012 – He was named one of Western Australia ''[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|Sunday Times]]'' magazine's "Best and Brightest".<ref>{{cite news|title=WA's best and brightest achievers|url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/best-and-brightest/news-story/1af43f89c5b5700a124e9e198beda325|accessdate=19 August 2017|work=The Sunday Times|date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
+* 2012 – He was named one of Western Australia ''[[The Sunday Times (Western Australia)|Sunday Times]]'' magazine's "Best and Brightest".<ref>{{cite news|title=WA's best and brightest achievers|url=http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/best-and-brightest/news-story/1af43f89c5b5700a124e9e198beda325|access-date=19 August 2017|work=The Sunday Times|date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
-* 2013 – Victorian State Finalist in the Fresh Science Award for science communication.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fresh Science 2013 state finalists |url=http://freshscience.org.au/2013/statefinalists2013 |website=freshscience.org.au |publisher=Science in Public Pty Ltd |accessdate=19 August 2017}}</ref>
+* 2013 – Victorian State Finalist in the Fresh Science Award for science communication.<ref>{{cite web|title=Fresh Science 2013 state finalists |url=http://freshscience.org.au/2013/statefinalists2013 |website=freshscience.org.au |publisher=Science in Public Pty Ltd |access-date=19 August 2017}}</ref>
-* 2013 – Commendation in the Astronomical Society of Australia's [[Astronomical Society of Australia#Prizes and awards|Louise Webster Prize]] for "outstanding research by a scientist early in their post-doctoral career".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Louise Webster Prize|url=http://asa.astronomy.org.au/lwp.php|website=asa.astronomy.org.au|publisher=The Astronomical Society of Australia|accessdate=27 August 2017}}</ref>
+* 2013 – Commendation in the Astronomical Society of Australia's [[Astronomical Society of Australia#Prizes and awards|Louise Webster Prize]] for "outstanding research by a scientist early in their post-doctoral career".<ref>{{cite web|title=The Louise Webster Prize|url=http://asa.astronomy.org.au/lwp.php|website=asa.astronomy.org.au|publisher=The Astronomical Society of Australia|access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref>
 * 2015 – He was named as one of ''Men’s Style'' magazine's Men of Influence in 2015, "recognising the achievements of a diverse range of Australian men under 45 years of age".<ref>{{cite news|title=Men of Influence 2015|url=http://www.alanrduffy.com/s/Mens-Style-Magazine-Men-of-Influence-June-2015-pp109-119.pdf |work=Men’s Style magazine |date=2015 |page=112}}</ref>
-* 2015 – Commonwealth Bank's Australian of the Day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our 190th Australian of the Day, Dr Alan Duffy|url=https://www.facebook.com/commonwealthbank/videos/1087815564565089/|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=Commonwealth Bank of Australia|accessdate=19 August 2017|language=en|date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
+* 2015 – Commonwealth Bank's Australian of the Day.<ref>{{cite web|title=Our 190th Australian of the Day, Dr Alan Duffy|url=https://www.facebook.com/commonwealthbank/videos/1087815564565089/|website=www.facebook.com|publisher=Commonwealth Bank of Australia|access-date=19 August 2017|language=en|date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
-* 2016 – Finalist for Club Melbourne Fellowship<ref>{{cite web|title=Club Melbourne Fellowship finalists revealed|url=http://www.clubmelbourne.com.au/news/club-melbourne-fellowship-finalists-revealed/|website=www.clubmelbourne.com.au|publisher=Club Melbourne|accessdate=27 August 2017|date=July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kivivali|first1=Lea|title=Dr Alan Duffy shortlisted for Club Melbourne Fellowship |url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/07/title-107632-en.php|accessdate=27 August 2017|work=Swinburne University News| date=7 July 2016|language=en-au}}</ref>
+* 2016 – Finalist for Club Melbourne Fellowship<ref>{{cite web|title=Club Melbourne Fellowship finalists revealed|url=http://www.clubmelbourne.com.au/news/club-melbourne-fellowship-finalists-revealed/|website=www.clubmelbourne.com.au|publisher=Club Melbourne|access-date=27 August 2017|date=July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Kivivali|first1=Lea|title=Dr Alan Duffy shortlisted for Club Melbourne Fellowship |url=http://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2016/07/title-107632-en.php|access-date=27 August 2017|work=Swinburne University News| date=7 July 2016|language=en-au}}</ref>
-* 2016 – Finalist for the Australian Museum's [[Eureka Prizes|Eureka Prize]] for promoting understanding of Australian science research.<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Eureka Prizes Finalists|url=https://www.australianmuseum.net.au/2016-eureka-prizes-finalists|website=www.australianmuseum.net.au|publisher=Australian Museum|accessdate=10 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>
+* 2016 – Finalist for the Australian Museum's [[Eureka Prizes|Eureka Prize]] for promoting understanding of Australian science research.<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Eureka Prizes Finalists|url=https://www.australianmuseum.net.au/2016-eureka-prizes-finalists|website=www.australianmuseum.net.au|publisher=Australian Museum|access-date=10 August 2017|language=en}}</ref>
-* 2016 – Australia's Chief Scientist [[Alan Finkel]] named Duffy an "Australian Science Superhero".<ref>{{cite web|title=Australian Science Superheroes 2016 – Alan Duffy|url=http://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/2016/12/australian-science-superheroes-alan-duffy/|website=www.chiefscientist.gov.au|publisher=Office of Australia's Chief Scientist|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
+* 2016 – Australia's Chief Scientist [[Alan Finkel]] named Duffy an "Australian Science Superhero".<ref>{{cite web|title=Australian Science Superheroes 2016 – Alan Duffy|url=http://www.chiefscientist.gov.au/2016/12/australian-science-superheroes-alan-duffy/|website=www.chiefscientist.gov.au|publisher=Office of Australia's Chief Scientist|access-date=10 August 2017}}</ref>
-* 2018 – Winner of the Australian Museum's ''Celestino Eureka Prize for Promoting Understanding of Science'' (one of the [[Eureka Prizes]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Swinburne's Alan Duffy wins Eureka Prize for promoting science |url=https://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2018/08/swinburnes-alan-duffy-wins-eureka-prize-for-promoting-science.php |website=www.swinburne.edu.au |accessdate=3 April 2019 |language=en-au |date=30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=The Science Show – Eureka awards recognise high achievers in science |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/eureka-awards-recognise-high-achievers-in-science/10188236 |accessdate=3 April 2019 |publisher=ABC Radio National |date=31 August 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
+* 2018 – Winner of the Australian Museum's ''Celestino Eureka Prize for Promoting Understanding of Science'' (one of the [[Eureka Prizes]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Swinburne's Alan Duffy wins Eureka Prize for promoting science |url=https://www.swinburne.edu.au/news/latest-news/2018/08/swinburnes-alan-duffy-wins-eureka-prize-for-promoting-science.php |website=www.swinburne.edu.au |access-date=3 April 2019 |language=en-au |date=30 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media |title=The Science Show – Eureka awards recognise high achievers in science |url=https://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/scienceshow/eureka-awards-recognise-high-achievers-in-science/10188236 |access-date=3 April 2019 |publisher=ABC Radio National |date=31 August 2018 |language=en-AU}}</ref>
 ==Publications==
-{{As of|2017|08}}, NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) lists 29 publications by Duffy, which have 1,487 citations<ref>{{cite web|title=Author Query Results for Alan R Duffy|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?db_key=AST&db_key=PRE&qform=AST&arxiv_sel=astro-ph&arxiv_sel=cond-mat&arxiv_sel=cs&arxiv_sel=gr-qc&arxiv_sel=hep-ex&arxiv_sel=hep-lat&arxiv_sel=hep-ph&arxiv_sel=hep-th&arxiv_sel=math&arxiv_sel=math-ph&arxiv_sel=nlin&arxiv_sel=nucl-ex&arxiv_sel=nucl-th&arxiv_sel=physics&arxiv_sel=quant-ph&arxiv_sel=q-bio&sim_query=YES&ned_query=YES&adsobj_query=YES&aut_xct=YES&aut_logic=OR&obj_logic=OR&author=DUFFY%2C+A+R%3B+DUFFY%2C+ALAN+R+&object=&start_mon=&start_year=2007&end_mon=&end_year=&ttl_logic=OR&title=&txt_logic=OR&text=&nr_to_return=200&start_nr=1&jou_pick=ALL&ref_stems=&data_and=ALL&group_and=ALL&start_entry_day=&start_entry_mon=&start_entry_year=&end_entry_day=&end_entry_mon=&end_entry_year=&min_score=&sort=CITATIONS&data_type=SHORT&aut_syn=YES&ttl_syn=YES&txt_syn=YES&aut_wt=1.0&obj_wt=1.0&ttl_wt=0.3&txt_wt=3.0&aut_wgt=YES&obj_wgt=YES&ttl_wgt=YES&txt_wgt=YES&ttl_sco=YES&txt_sco=YES&version=1 |website=adsabs.harvard.edu|publisher=SAO/NASA|accessdate=17 August 2017}}</ref> while Cornell University's [[arXiv]] lists 31 of his papers, covering a range of topics in general astronomy and cosmology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Search results for au:Duffy_A|url=https://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Duffy_A/0/1/0/all/0/1|website=arXiv.org|publisher=Cornell University Library|accessdate=10 August 2017}}</ref>
+{{As of|2017|08}}, NASA's Astrophysics Data System (ADS) lists 29 publications by Duffy, which have 1,487 citations<ref>{{cite web|title=Author Query Results for Alan R Duffy|url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-abs_connect?db_key=AST&db_key=PRE&qform=AST&arxiv_sel=astro-ph&arxiv_sel=cond-mat&arxiv_sel=cs&arxiv_sel=gr-qc&arxiv_sel=hep-ex&arxiv_sel=hep-lat&arxiv_sel=hep-ph&arxiv_sel=hep-th&arxiv_sel=math&arxiv_sel=math-ph&arxiv_sel=nlin&arxiv_sel=nucl-ex&arxiv_sel=nucl-th&arxiv_sel=physics&arxiv_sel=quant-ph&arxiv_sel=q-bio&sim_query=YES&ned_query=YES&adsobj_query=YES&aut_xct=YES&aut_logic=OR&obj_logic=OR&author=DUFFY%2C+A+R%3B+DUFFY%2C+ALAN+R+&object=&start_mon=&start_year=2007&end_mon=&end_year=&ttl_logic=OR&title=&txt_logic=OR&text=&nr_to_return=200&start_nr=1&jou_pick=ALL&ref_stems=&data_and=ALL&group_and=ALL&start_entry_day=&start_entry_mon=&start_entry_year=&end_entry_day=&end_entry_mon=&end_entry_year=&min_score=&sort=CITATIONS&data_type=SHORT&aut_syn=YES&ttl_syn=YES&txt_syn=YES&aut_wt=1.0&obj_wt=1.0&ttl_wt=0.3&txt_wt=3.0&aut_wgt=YES&obj_wgt=YES&ttl_wgt=YES&txt_wgt=YES&ttl_sco=YES&txt_sco=YES&version=1 |website=adsabs.harvard.edu|publisher=SAO/NASA|access-date=17 August 2017}}</ref> while Cornell University's [[arXiv]] lists 31 of his papers, covering a range of topics in general astronomy and cosmology.<ref>{{cite web|title=Search results for au:Duffy_A|url=https://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Duffy_A/0/1/0/all/0/1|website=arXiv.org|publisher=Cornell University Library|access-date=10 August 2017}}</ref>
 * {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Battye|first2=Richard A.|last3=Davies|first3=Rod D.|last4=Moss|first4=Adam|last5=Wilkinson|first5=Peter N.|title=Galaxy redshift surveys selected by neutral hydrogen using the Five-hundred metre Aperture Spherical Telescope|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 January 2008|volume=383|issue=1|pages=150–160|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12537.x|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2008MNRAS.383..150D|arxiv=0707.2316}}
-* {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Dalla Vecchia.|first4=Claudio|title=Structure of Dark Matter Halos in Cosmological Simulations|url=http://moriond.in2p3.fr/J08/proceedings/duffy.pdf| journal=Proceedings of Cosmology 2008 – 43rd Rencontres de Moriond |date=March 2008|accessdate=17 August 2017|bibcode=2008PhDT........34B}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Dalla Vecchia.|first4=Claudio|title=Structure of Dark Matter Halos in Cosmological Simulations|url=http://moriond.in2p3.fr/J08/proceedings/duffy.pdf| journal=Proceedings of Cosmology 2008 – 43rd Rencontres de Moriond |date=March 2008|access-date=17 August 2017|bibcode=2008PhDT........34B}}
-* {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Vecchia|first4=Claudio Dalla|title=Dark matter halo concentrations in theWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probeyear 5 cosmology|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|date=1 October 2008|volume=390|issue=1|pages=L64–L68|doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00537.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/390/1/L64/977017|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=1745-3925|bibcode=2008MNRAS.390L..64D|arxiv=0804.2486}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Vecchia|first4=Claudio Dalla|title=Dark matter halo concentrations in theWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probeyear 5 cosmology|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|date=1 October 2008|volume=390|issue=1|pages=L64–L68|doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00537.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/390/1/L64/977017|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=1745-3925|bibcode=2008MNRAS.390L..64D|arxiv=0804.2486}}
-** {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Vecchia|first4=Claudio Dalla|title=Erratum: Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|date=1 July 2011|volume=415|issue=1|pages=L85|doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01080.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/415/1/L85/965287|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=1745-3925|bibcode=2011MNRAS.415L..85D|arxiv=0804.2486}}
+** {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Vecchia|first4=Claudio Dalla|title=Erratum: Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters|date=1 July 2011|volume=415|issue=1|pages=L85|doi=10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01080.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article-abstract/415/1/L85/965287|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=1745-3925|bibcode=2011MNRAS.415L..85D|arxiv=0804.2486}}
-* {{cite journal|last1=Schaye|first1=Joop|last2=Vecchia|first2=Claudio Dalla|last3=Booth|first3=C. M.|last4=Wiersma|first4=Robert P. C.|last5=Theuns|first5=Tom|last6=Haas|first6=Marcel R.|last7=Bertone|first7=Serena|last8=Duffy|first8=Alan R.|last9=McCarthy|first9=I. G.|last10=Voort|first10=Freeke van de|title=The physics driving the cosmic star formation history|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 March 2010|volume=402|issue=3|pages=1536–1560|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16029.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/402/3/1536/988975|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2010MNRAS.402.1536S|arxiv=0909.5196}}
+* {{cite journal|last1=Schaye|first1=Joop|last2=Vecchia|first2=Claudio Dalla|last3=Booth|first3=C. M.|last4=Wiersma|first4=Robert P. C.|last5=Theuns|first5=Tom|last6=Haas|first6=Marcel R.|last7=Bertone|first7=Serena|last8=Duffy|first8=Alan R.|last9=McCarthy|first9=I. G.|last10=Voort|first10=Freeke van de|title=The physics driving the cosmic star formation history|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 March 2010|volume=402|issue=3|pages=1536–1560|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16029.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/402/3/1536/988975|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2010MNRAS.402.1536S|arxiv=0909.5196}}
-* {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Schaye|first2=Joop|last3=Kay|first3=Scott T.|last4=Vecchia|first4=Claudio Dalla|last5=Battye|first5=Richard A.|last6=Booth|first6=C. M.|title=Impact of baryon physics on dark matter structures: a detailed simulation study of halo density profiles|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=11 July 2010|volume=405|issue=4|pages=2161|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16613.x|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/405/4/2161/1043810|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2010MNRAS.405.2161D|arxiv=1001.3447}}
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+* {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=A. R.|last2=Wyithe|first2=J. S. B.|last3=Mutch|first3=S. J.|last4=Poole|first4=G. B.|title=Low-mass galaxy formation and the ionizing photon budget during reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 October 2014|volume=443|issue=4|pages=3435–3443|doi=10.1093/mnras/stu1328|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/443/4/3435/1009693|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2014MNRAS.443.3435D|arxiv=1405.7459}}
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 :'''The accretion history of dark matter haloes''' – in three parts:
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+** {{cite journal|last1=Correa|first1=C. A.|last2=Wyithe|first2=J. S. B.|last3=Schaye|first3=J.|last4=Duffy|first4=A. R.|title=The accretion history of dark matter haloes – I. The physical origin of the universal function|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 June 2015|volume=450|issue=2|pages=1514–1520|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv689|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/450/2/1514/982398|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2015MNRAS.450.1514C|arxiv=1409.5228}}
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+** {{cite journal|last1=Correa|first1=C. A.|last2=Wyithe|first2=J. S. B.|last3=Schaye|first3=J.|last4=Duffy|first4=A. R.|title=The accretion history of dark matter haloes – II. The connections with the mass power spectrum and the density profile|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 June 2015|volume=450|issue=2|pages=1521–1537|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv697|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/450/2/1521/982813|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2015MNRAS.450.1521C|arxiv=1501.04382}}
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+** {{cite journal|last1=Correa|first1=Camila A.|last2=Wyithe|first2=J. Stuart B.|last3=Schaye|first3=Joop|last4=Duffy|first4=Alan R.|title=The accretion history of dark matter haloes – III. A physical model for the concentration–mass relation|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=11 September 2015|volume=452|issue=2|pages=1217–1232|doi=10.1093/mnras/stv1363|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/452/2/1217/1061048|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2015MNRAS.452.1217C|arxiv=1502.00391}}
 :'''Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy formation simulation''':
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+** {{cite journal|last1=Poole|first1=Gregory B.|last2=Angel|first2=Paul W.|last3=Mutch|first3=Simon J.|last4=Power|first4=Chris|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Geil|first6=Paul M.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy formation simulation – I. The dynamical lives of high-redshift galaxies|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 July 2016|volume=459|issue=3|pages=3025–3039|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw674|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/459/3/3025/2595123|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.459.3025P|arxiv=1512.00559|hdl=1959.3/421514}}
-** {{cite journal|last1=Angel|first1=Paul W.|last2=Poole|first2=Gregory B.|last3=Ludlow|first3=Aaron D.|last4=Duffy|first4=Alan R.|last5=Geil|first5=Paul M.|last6=Mutch|first6=Simon J.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – II. Spin and concentration parameters for dark matter haloes during the epoch of reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 June 2016|volume=459|issue=2|pages=2106–2117|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw737|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/459/2/2106/2595131|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.459.2106A|arxiv=1512.00560}}
+** {{cite journal|last1=Angel|first1=Paul W.|last2=Poole|first2=Gregory B.|last3=Ludlow|first3=Aaron D.|last4=Duffy|first4=Alan R.|last5=Geil|first5=Paul M.|last6=Mutch|first6=Simon J.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – II. Spin and concentration parameters for dark matter haloes during the epoch of reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 June 2016|volume=459|issue=2|pages=2106–2117|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw737|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/459/2/2106/2595131|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.459.2106A|arxiv=1512.00560}}
-** {{cite journal|last1=Mutch|first1=Simon J.|last2=Geil|first2=Paul M.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Angel|first4=Paul W.|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Mesinger|first6=Andrei|last7=Wyithe|first7=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – III. Modelling galaxy formation and the epoch of reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=11 October 2016|volume=462|issue=1|pages=250–276|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw1506|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/462/1/250/2589396|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.462..250M|arxiv=1512.00562}}
+** {{cite journal|last1=Mutch|first1=Simon J.|last2=Geil|first2=Paul M.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Angel|first4=Paul W.|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Mesinger|first6=Andrei|last7=Wyithe|first7=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – III. Modelling galaxy formation and the epoch of reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=11 October 2016|volume=462|issue=1|pages=250–276|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw1506|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/462/1/250/2589396|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.462..250M|arxiv=1512.00562}}
-** {{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Chuanwu|last2=Mutch|first2=Simon J.|last3=Angel|first3=P. W.|last4=Duffy|first4=Alan R.|last5=Geil|first5=Paul M.|last6=Poole|first6=Gregory B.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – IV. UV luminosity functions of high-redshift galaxies|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=11 October 2016|volume=462|issue=1|pages=235–249|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw1015|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/462/1/235/2589372|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.462..235L|arxiv=1512.00563}}
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-** {{cite journal|last1=Geil|first1=Paul M.|last2=Mutch|first2=Simon J.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Angel|first4=Paul W.|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Mesinger|first6=Andrei|last7=Wyithe|first7=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation V: morphology and statistical signatures of reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=11 October 2016|volume=462|issue=1|pages=804–817|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw1718|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/462/1/804/2589976|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.462..804G|arxiv=1512.00564}}
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+** {{cite journal|last1=Mutch|first1=Simon J.|last2=Liu|first2=Chuanwu|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Geil|first4=Paul M.|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Trenti|first6=Michele|last7=Oesch|first7=Pascal A.|last8=Illingworth|first8=Garth D.|last9=Mesinger|first9=Andrei|last10=Wyithe|first10=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation– VI. The origins and fate of the highest known redshift galaxy|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 December 2016|volume=463|issue=4|pages=3556–3562|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw2187|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/463/4/3556/2646310|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2016MNRAS.463.3556M|arxiv=1605.08054|hdl=1959.3/423663}}
-** {{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Chuanwu|last2=Mutch|first2=Simon J.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Angel|first4=P. W.|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Geil|first6=Paul M.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation – VII. The sizes of high-redshift galaxies|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 March 2017|volume=465|issue=3|pages=3134–3142|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw2912|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/465/3/3134/2454769|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2017MNRAS.465.3134L|arxiv=1608.00819|hdl=1959.3/435215}}
+** {{cite journal|last1=Liu|first1=Chuanwu|last2=Mutch|first2=Simon J.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Angel|first4=P. W.|last5=Duffy|first5=Alan R.|last6=Geil|first6=Paul M.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy-formation simulation – VII. The sizes of high-redshift galaxies|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=1 March 2017|volume=465|issue=3|pages=3134–3142|doi=10.1093/mnras/stw2912|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/465/3/3134/2454769|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2017MNRAS.465.3134L|arxiv=1608.00819|hdl=1959.3/435215}}
-** {{cite journal|last1=Qin|first1=Yuxiang|last2=Duffy|first2=Alan R.|last3=Mutch|first3=Simon J.|last4=Poole|first4=Gregory B.|last5=Geil|first5=Paul M.|last6=Angel|first6=Paul W.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages&nbsp;Reionization&nbsp;&&nbsp;Galaxy&nbsp;Formation&nbsp;Simulation&nbsp;VIII. Suppressed growth of dark matter halos during the Epoch of Reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 May 2017|volume=467|issue=2|pages=stx083|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx083|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/467/2/1678/2903873|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2017MNRAS.467.1678Q|arxiv=1701.03538|hdl=1959.3/436762}}
+** {{cite journal|last1=Qin|first1=Yuxiang|last2=Duffy|first2=Alan R.|last3=Mutch|first3=Simon J.|last4=Poole|first4=Gregory B.|last5=Geil|first5=Paul M.|last6=Angel|first6=Paul W.|last7=Mesinger|first7=Andrei|last8=Wyithe|first8=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages&nbsp;Reionization&nbsp;&&nbsp;Galaxy&nbsp;Formation&nbsp;Simulation&nbsp;VIII. Suppressed growth of dark matter halos during the Epoch of Reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 May 2017|volume=467|issue=2|pages=stx083|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx083|url=https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-abstract/467/2/1678/2903873|access-date=17 August 2017|language=en|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2017MNRAS.467.1678Q|arxiv=1701.03538|hdl=1959.3/436762}}
 ** {{cite journal|last1=Duffy|first1=Alan R.|last2=Mutch|first2=Simon J.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Geil|first4=Paul M.|last5=Kim|first5=Han-Seek|last6=Mesinger|first6=Andrei|last7=Wyithe|first7=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation – IX. Economics of reionizing galaxies|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|date=21 September 2017|volume=470|issue=3|pages=3300–3315|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx1242|issn=0035-8711|bibcode=2017MNRAS.470.3300D|arxiv=1705.07255}}
 ** {{cite journal|last1=Qin|first1=Yuxiang|last2=Mutch|first2=Simon J.|last3=Poole|first3=Gregory B.|last4=Liu|first4=Chuanwu|last5=Angel|first5=Paul W.|last6=Duffy|first6=Alan R.|last7=Geil|first7=Paul M.|last8=Mesinger|first8=Andrei|last9=Wyithe|first9=J. Stuart B.|title=Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation – X. The small contribution of quasars to reionization|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume=472|issue=2|pages=2009|doi=10.1093/mnras/stx1909|year=2017|bibcode=2017MNRAS.472.2009Q|arxiv=1703.04895}}
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 ==References==
-{{Reflist|30em}}
+{{reflist}}
 == External links ==