User:GreatLakesShips/sandbox/Overhauls/Archive 2: Difference between revisions

History
United States
Name	James B. Colgate
Namesake	James Boorman Colgate
Owner	American Steel Barge Company (1892 – 1900); Bessemer Steamship Company (1900 – 1901); Pittsburgh Steamship Company (1901 – 1915); Standard Transit Company (1915 – 1916);
Port of registry	Buffalo, New York (1892 – 1900); Duluth, Minnesota (1900 – 1916);
Builder	American Steel Barge Company, Superior, Wisconsin
Yard number	121
Laid down	December 3, 1891
Launched	September 21, 1892
In service	October 17, 1892
Out of service	October 20, 1916
Identification	US official number 77019
Fate	Sank on Lake Erie
General characteristics
Class and type	Whaleback
Tonnage	1,713 GRT; 1,318 NRT;
Length	308 feet (93.9 m)
Beam	38 feet (11.6 m)
Depth	24 feet (7.3 m)
Installed power	Engine:; 1 × 1,000 hp (750 kW) 80 rpm triple expansion steam engine; Boilers:; 2 × 160 pounds per square inch (1,100 kPa) Scotch marine boilers;
Propulsion	1 × fixed pitch propeller

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Latest revision as of 11:10, 3 April 2022

42°5′22.68″N 81°44′16.86″W / 42.0896333°N 81.7380167°W / 42.0896333; -81.7380167

History

Background

James B. Colgate was a whaleback, an innovative but unpopular ship design of the late 1880s, designed by Alexander McDougall. A Scottish immigrant, Great Lakes captain, inventor^[1] and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of barges to follow a towing vessel in heavy seas.^[2] Whalebacks were characterized by distinctive hull shapes with rounded tops, lacking conventional vertical sides, and conoidal ends.^[3] Their rounded hulls enabled water to easily slide off their decks, minimising friction, and letting them sail quickly and smoothly through the water.^[2] Their superstructure was located on turrets mounted on the main deck.^[3] The rounded contours of whalebacks gave them an unconventional appearance,^[2] and McDougall's ship and barge designs were received with considerable skepticism, resistance, and derision.^[2]^[4] As they had porcine-looking snouts for bows, some observers called them "pig boats".^[4]^[5]

After McDougall was unable to persuade existing shipbuilders to try his designs, he founded the American Steel Barge Company in Superior, Wisconsin, in 1888, and built them himself. McDougall actively promoted his design and company by sending the steamer Charles W. Wetmore to London, and starting another shipyard in Everett, Washington, which built the steamer City of Everett.^[6] Despite McDougall's further efforts to promote the design with the excursion liner Christopher Columbus, whalebacks never caught on, with only 44 of them being built.^[1]^[2]^[7]

Design and construction

Service history

Final voyage

Notes

References

^ ^a ^b About the Great Lakes (2007).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Ebeling (2001).
^ ^a ^b Minnesota Historical Society (2008).
^ ^a ^b Croil (1998).
^ Duerkop (2007).
^ Oakley (2005).
^ Leonard (1983).

Sources

Croil, James (1998). Steam Navigation and Its Relation to the Commerce of Canada and the United States. Toronto, Ontario: Montreal News Company. pp. 362–64. OCLC 1082014. Retrieved January 25, 2021. Google books has images of those pages in the chapter entitled The Turret Steamship
Duerkop, John (2007). "Some Marine Terminology". Research Resources (definition 65, "Whaleback". Kingston, Ontario: Marine Museum of the Great Lakes at Kingston. Archived from the original on March 11, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
Ebeling, Charles W. (2001). "You Call That Damn Thing a Boat?". American Heritage of Invention & Technology. 17 (2). American Heritage Publishing. ISSN 8756-7296. OCLC 11638224. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
Leonard, John (1983). "A Whaleback Quiz". Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Toronto Marine Historical Society. Retrieved January 26, 2021.
Oakley, Janet (2005). "Charles W. Wetmore arrives". Washington, United States: Washington State online history encyclopedia. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
"Remember the Whaleback Steamers". About the Great Lakes. 2007. Archived from the original on October 5, 2007. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
"Thomas Wilson – Whaleback Freighters". Saint Paul, Minnesota: Minnesota Historical Society. 2008. Retrieved January 26, 2021.

[FOOTNOTEAbout_the_Great_Lakes2007-1] About the Great Lakes (2007).

[FOOTNOTEEbeling2001-2] Ebeling (2001).

[FOOTNOTEMinnesota_Historical_Society2008-3] Minnesota Historical Society (2008).

[FOOTNOTECroil1998-4] Croil (1998).

[FOOTNOTEDuerkop2007-5] Duerkop (2007).

[FOOTNOTEOakley2005-6] Oakley (2005).

[FOOTNOTELeonard1983-7] Leonard (1983).

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@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ===Background===
 {{main|Whaleback}}
-''James B. Colgate'' was a [[whaleback]], an innovative but unpopular ship design of the late 1880s, designed by [[Alexander McDougall (1845-1923)|Alexander McDougall]]. A [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Immigration to the United States|immigrant]], Great Lakes [[captain (nautical)|captain]], inventor{{sfnp|About the Great Lakes|2007}} and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of [[barge]]s to follow a towing vessel in heavy seas.{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}} Whalebacks were characterized by distinctive [[hull (watercraft)|hull]] shapes with rounded tops, lacking conventional vertical sides, and [[conoidal]] ends.{{sfnp|Minnesota Historical Society|2008}} Their rounded hulls enabled water to easily slide off their decks, minimising friction, and letting them sail quickly and smoothly through the water.{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}} Their superstructure was located on [[Gun turret|turrets]] mounted on the main deck.{{sfnp|Minnesota Historical Society|2008}} The rounded contours of whalebacks gave them an unconventional appearance,{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}} and McDougall's ship and barge designs were received with considerable skepticism, resistance, and derision.{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}}{{sfnp|Croil|1998}} As they had porcine-looking snouts for bows, some observers called them "pig boats".{{sfnp|Duerkop|2007}}{{sfnp|Croil|1998}}
+''James B. Colgate'' was a [[whaleback]], an innovative but unpopular ship design of the late 1880s, designed by [[Alexander McDougall (1845-1923)|Alexander McDougall]]. A [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[Immigration to the United States|immigrant]], Great Lakes [[captain (nautical)|captain]], inventor{{sfnp|About the Great Lakes|2007}} and entrepreneur, McDougall developed the idea of the whaleback as a way to improve the ability of [[barge]]s to follow a towing vessel in heavy seas.{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}} Whalebacks were characterized by distinctive [[hull (watercraft)|hull]] shapes with rounded tops, lacking conventional vertical sides, and [[conoidal]] ends.{{sfnp|Minnesota Historical Society|2008}} Their rounded hulls enabled water to easily slide off their decks, minimising friction, and letting them sail quickly and smoothly through the water.{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}} Their superstructure was located on [[Gun turret|turrets]] mounted on the main deck.{{sfnp|Minnesota Historical Society|2008}} The rounded contours of whalebacks gave them an unconventional appearance,{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}} and McDougall's ship and barge designs were received with considerable skepticism, resistance, and derision.{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}}{{sfnp|Croil|1998}} As they had porcine-looking snouts for bows, some observers called them "pig boats".{{sfnp|Croil|1998}}{{sfnp|Duerkop|2007}}
 After McDougall was unable to persuade existing shipbuilders to try his designs, he founded the American Steel Barge Company in [[Superior, Wisconsin]], in 1888, and built them himself. McDougall actively promoted his design and company by sending the steamer [[SS Charles W. Wetmore|''Charles W. Wetmore'']] to [[London]], and starting another shipyard in [[Everett, Washington]], which built the steamer [[SS City of Everett|''City of Everett'']].{{sfnp|Oakley|2005}} Despite McDougall's further efforts to promote the design with the [[passenger ship|excursion liner]] [[SS Christopher Columbus|''Christopher Columbus'']], whalebacks never caught on, with only 44 of them being built.{{sfnp|About the Great Lakes|2007}}{{sfnp|Ebeling|2001}}{{sfnp|Leonard|1983}}