Anemone

Anemone
Anemone ranunculoides in flower
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Ranunculaceae
Genus:	Anemone L.
Species
see text

Anemone (Anemone) (from the Gr. Άνεμος, wind), is a genus of about 120 species of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae in the north and south temperate zones. They are closely related to Pasque flower (Pulsatilla) and Hepatica (Hepatica); some botanists include both of these genera within Anemone.

The plants are perennial herbs with an underground rootstock, and radical, more or less deeply cut, leaves. The elongated flower stem bears one or several, white, red, blue or rarely yellow, flowers; there is an involucre of three leaflets below each flower. The fruits often bear long hairy styles which aid their distribution by the wind ("windflower" is a common name sometimes used for members of the genus).

Species

There are about 120 species, including:

• Anemone altaica
• Anemone apennina
• Anemone baicalensis
• Anemone baldensis
• Anemone biarmiensis
• Anemone biflora
• Anemone blanda — Blue Anemone
• Anemone bucharica
• Anemone canadensis
• Anemone capensis
• Anemone caroliniana
• Anemone caucasica
• Anemone coerulea
• Anemone coronaria — Poppy Anemone
• Anemone cylindrica
• Anemone deltoidea
• Anemone demissa
• Anemone dichotoma
• Anemone elongata
• Anemone eranthoides

A collage of Anemone coronaria of various colours, in a field in Israel. Anemone coronaria comes in shades of red, pink, purple, blue and white, but the most common colour is red.

• Anemone fanninii
• Anemone flaccida
• Anemone glauciifolia
• Anemone gortschakowii
• Anemone heldreichiana
• Anemone hortensis
• Anemone hupehensis — Chinese Anemone
  • Anemone hupehensis var. japonica — Japanese Anemone
• Anemone keiskeana
• Anemone lancifolia
• Anemone leveillei
• Anemone lithophila
• Anemone magellanica
• Anemone mexicana
• Anemone multifida
• Anemone narcissiflora — Narcissus Anemone
• Anemone nemorosa — Wood Anemone
• Anemone nikoensis
• Anemone obtusiloba
• Anemone palmata
• Anemone parviflora
• Anemone pavonina
• Anemone petiolulosa
• Anemone polyanthes
• Anemone quinquefolia — Wood Anemone
• Anemone raddeana
• Anemone ranunculoides — Yellow Woodland Anemone
• Anemone reflexa
• Anemone riparia
• Anemone rivularis
• Anemone rupicola
• Anemone sibirica
• Anemone sylvestris — Snowdrop Windflower
• Anemone tetrasepala
• Anemone tomentosa
• Anemone trifolia
• Anemone trullifolia
• Anemone tschernjaewii
• Anemone tuberosa
• Anemone villosissima
• Anemone virginiana
• Anemone vitifolia
• Anemone zephyra

Cultivation and uses

Anemone coronaria

Many of the species are favourite garden plants; among the best known is Anemone coronaria, often called the poppy anemone, a tuberous-rooted plant, with parsley-like divided leaves, and large showy poppy-like blossoms on stalks of from 15–20 cm high; the flowers are of various colours, but the principal are scarlet, crimson, blue, purple and white. There are also double-flowered varieties, in which the stamens in the centre are replaced by a tuft of narrow petals. It is an old garden favourite, and of the double forms there are named varieties.

They grow best in a loamy soil, enriched with well-rotted manure, which should be dug in below the tubers. These may be planted in October, and for succession in January, the autumn-planted ones being protected by a covering of leaves or short stable litter. They will flower in May and June, and when the leaves have ripened should be taken up into a dry room till planting time. They are easily raised from the seed, and a bed of the single varieties is a valuable addition to a flower-garden, as it affords, in a warm situation, an abundance of handsome and often brilliant spring flowers, almost as early as the snowdrop or crocus.

The genus contains many other spring-flowering plants, of which A. hortensis and A. fulgens have less divided leaves and splendid rosy-purple or scarlet flowers; they require similar treatment. Anemone hupehensis, and its white cultivar 'Honorine Joubert', the latter especially, are amongst the finest of autumn-flowering hardy perennials; they grow well in light soil, and reach 60–100 cm in height, blooming continually for several weeks. A group of dwarf species, represented by the native British A. nemorosa and A. apennina, are amongst the most beautiful of spring flowers for planting in woods and shady places.

Anemone species are sometimes targeted by cutworms, the larvae of noctuid moths such as Angle Shades and Heart and Dart.

Main article: List of anemone diseases

Meaning

The meaning of the anemone flower is "forsaken" and also "a dying hope". The flower Anemone could also be used to signify Anticipation.

References

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)