Moyale: Difference between revisions
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Moyale is recognized and administrated by two regions |
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{{Infobox settlement |
{{Infobox settlement |
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| official_name = Moyale |
| official_name = Moyale |
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| native_name = {{native name|om|Moyyaale}} |
| native_name = {{native name|So|Moyale}} / {{native name|om|Moyyaale}} |
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| native_name_lang = om |
| native_name_lang = om |
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| settlement_type = Town |
| settlement_type = Town |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ethiopia##Location within the Horn of Africa##Location within Africa |
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ethiopia##Location within the Horn of Africa##Location within Africa |
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| pushpin_relief = |
| pushpin_relief = |
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| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |
| subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]] |
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| subdivision_name = {{flag|Ethiopia}} |
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Ethiopia}} |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Ethiopia|Regions]] |
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of Ethiopia|Regions (2)]] |
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| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Oromia|Region}} |
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Somali|Region}} / {{flag|Oromia|Region}} |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[List of zones of Ethiopia|Zones]] |
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of zones of Ethiopia|Zones (2)]] |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Borena Zone|Borena]] |
| subdivision_name2 = [[Dhawa Zone|Dhawa]] / [[Borena Zone|Borena]] |
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|subdivision_type3 = [[Districts of Ethiopia|Woreda (2)]] |
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| subdivision_name3 = [[Moyale, Oromia (woreda)|Moyale]] |
| subdivision_name3 = [[Moyale, Somali (woreda)|Moyale]] / [[Moyale, Oromia (woreda)|Moyale]] |
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| established_title = |
| established_title = |
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| established_date = |
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'''Moyale''' is a [[market town]] |
'''Moyale''' is a [[market town]], found between the border of [[Ethiopia]] and [[Kenya]], and is the administrative centre for two Ethiopian woredas; [[Moyale, Somali (woreda)|Moyale]] of [[Somali Region]] and [[Moyale, Oromia (woreda)|Moyale]] of [[Oromia|Oromia Region]]. |
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Moyale is the main [[border post]] on the [[Nairobi]]-[[Addis Ababa]] road, lying north of the [[Dide Galgalu Desert]]. It is known for its [[traditional architecture]]. |
Moyale is the main [[border post]] on the [[Nairobi]]-[[Addis Ababa]] road, lying north of the [[Dide Galgalu Desert]]. It is known for its [[traditional architecture]]. |
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In November 2009, Ethiopian Prime Minister [[Meles Zenawi]] announced plans to extend the Ethiopian railroad to Moyale. This would facilitate Kenyan plans, which at the time were at an advanced stage, to develop the port of [[Lamu]] and connect it to the Kenyan side of Moyale with a tarmac road.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4736 "Kenya, Ethiopia for joint infrastructure (November 24, 2009)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720153956/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4736 |date=July 20, 2011 }}, press release of the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (accessed 28 December 2009)</ref> |
In November 2009, Ethiopian Prime Minister [[Meles Zenawi]] announced plans to extend the Ethiopian railroad to Moyale. This would facilitate Kenyan plans, which at the time were at an advanced stage, to develop the port of [[Lamu]] and connect it to the Kenyan side of Moyale with a tarmac road.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4736 "Kenya, Ethiopia for joint infrastructure (November 24, 2009)"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720153956/http://www.mfa.gov.et/Press_Section/publication.php?Main_Page_Number=4736 |date=July 20, 2011 }}, press release of the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (accessed 28 December 2009)</ref> |
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Moyale is located at the frontier between the traditional territories of the [[Somali people|Somali]] and [[Oromo people]]s living in the southwestern part of Ethiopia.<ref>[http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/(httpEnvelopes)/AA0C62769222BE31802570B8005A6F3B?OpenDocument "Somali-Oromo border referendum of December 2004"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430113732/http://www.internal-displacement.org/idmc/website/countries.nsf/%28httpEnvelopes%29/AA0C62769222BE31802570B8005A6F3B?OpenDocument |date=2009-04-30 }}, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre website (accessed 11 February 2009)</ref> Thus this business town is disputed between the two dominant ethnic groups who are [[Oromos]] and [[Somalis]]. Moyale saw [[Moyale clashes|four days of ethnic clashes]] in July 2012 over a long-standing land dispute between [[Borana Oromo people|Borana]] and [[Garre]] communities,<ref name=BBC287>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-19028609 |title=Ethiopia: 20,000 flee Moyale clashes - Red Cross |date=28 July 2012 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> exacerbated by drought conditions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/07/201272815020266178.html |title=Many killed in Ethiopia ethnic clashes |date=28 July 2012 |publisher=Al Jazeera |access-date=28 July 2012}}</ref> The fighting left at least eighteen dead, and more than twenty thousand people fled across the border into Kenya.<ref name=BBC287 /> |
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==Demographics== |
==Demographics== |
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For the Ethiopian share of Moyale, based on figures from the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] in 2005, it has an estimated total population of 25,038 of whom 13,665 are men and 11,373 are women.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics], Table B.4</ref> The 1994 Ethiopian census reported that the Ethiopian side of Moyale had a total population of 13,962, of whom 7,411 were men and 6,551 were women. (This total also includes an estimate for parts of the town of Moyale, which were not counted; for these parts of the town, it was estimated there were 3,419 inhabitants, of whom 1,752 were men and 1,667 were women.) The eight largest ethnic groups reported in Moyale were the [[Borana Oromo]] (50.25%), [[Garre|Garre somali]] (30.30%), the [[Burji people|Burji]] (9.75%), the [[Amhara people|Amhara]] (7.42%), the [[ |
For the Ethiopian share of Moyale, based on figures from the [[Central Statistical Agency (Ethiopia)|Central Statistical Agency]] in 2005, it has an estimated total population of 25,038 of whom 13,665 are men and 11,373 are women.<ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/text_files/2005_national_statistics.htm CSA 2005 National Statistics], Table B.4</ref> The 1994 Ethiopian census reported that the Ethiopian side of Moyale had a total population of 13,962, of whom 7,411 were men and 6,551 were women. (This total also includes an estimate for parts of the town of Moyale, which were not counted; for these parts of the town, it was estimated there were 3,419 inhabitants, of whom 1,752 were men and 1,667 were women.) The eight largest ethnic groups reported in Moyale were the [[Borana Oromo]] (50.25%), [[Garre|Garre somali]] (30.30%), the [[Burji people|Burji]] (9.75%), the [[Amhara people|Amhara]] (7.42%), the [[Degoodi|Degoodi |
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Somali]] (4.95%), the [[Welayta people|Welayta]] (4.82%), and the [[Silt'e people|Silt'e]] (4.28%).<ref name=CSA>[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck04%5Ck04_partI.pdf ''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region'', Vol. 1, part 1], Tables 2.1, 2.3, 2.14, 2.17 (accessed 6 April 2009)</ref>. [[Oromo language|Oromo]] was spoken as a first language by 55.30%, second were 25.70% spoke by [[Somali language|Somali]], 15.96% spoke [[Burji language|Burji]], 3.96% spoke [[Welayta language|Welayta]], and 3.62% spoke [[Silt'e language|Silt'e]].<ref name=CSA/> |
Somali]] (4.95%), the [[Welayta people|Welayta]] (4.82%), and the [[Silt'e people|Silt'e]] (4.28%).<ref name=CSA>[http://www.csa.gov.et/surveys/Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%201994/survey0/data/docs%5Creport%5CStatistical_Report%5Ck04%5Ck04_partI.pdf ''1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region'', Vol. 1, part 1], Tables 2.1, 2.3, 2.14, 2.17 (accessed 6 April 2009)</ref>. [[Oromo language|Oromo]] was spoken as a first language by 55.30%, second were 25.70% spoke by [[Somali language|Somali]], 15.96% spoke [[Burji language|Burji]], 3.96% spoke [[Welayta language|Welayta]], and 3.62% spoke [[Silt'e language|Silt'e]].<ref name=CSA/> |
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Revision as of 09:27, 9 April 2022
Moyale
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Town | |
  Moyale Location within Ethiopia .svg) Moyale Location within the Horn of Africa  Moyale Location within Africa | |
| Coordinates: 3°31′37″N 39°03′22″E / 3.527°N 39.056°E | |
| Country |  Ethiopia |
| Regions (2) |  Somali /  Oromia |
| Zones (2) | Dhawa / Borena |
| Woreda (2) | Moyale / Moyale |
| Elevation | 1,090 m (3,580 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 400.000 to 600.0000 thousand |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (EAT) |
Moyale is a market town, found between the border of Ethiopia and Kenya, and is the administrative centre for two Ethiopian woredas; Moyale of Somali Region and Moyale of Oromia Region.
Moyale is the main border post on the Nairobi-Addis Ababa road, lying north of the Dide Galgalu Desert. It is known for its traditional architecture.
History
An early settler at Moyale was a Greek by the name of Philip Zaphiro, (later to become the British Vice Consul and Oriental Secretary to Ethiopia) who had a station which he had named "Fort Harrington". When C.W. Gwynn visited in 1908, Zaphiro's station consisted of a garden that covered several acres and his house, located on a spur projecting from the Boran highlands, and providing access through the line of cliffs that run along the border. "This route may well become some day a considerable trade artery," Gwynn predicted. "Fort Harrington is therefore well placed as a healthy administrative post and as a possible commercial centre."[1]
During World War II, both parts of the town were captured by Italians from Ethiopia in 1940, and retaken by the British on 15 July 1941.[2]
Tensions rose in the Kenyan side of Moyale in early 1999, after an Imam was shot dead during an Ethiopian raid across the Ethiopian-Kenyan border in pursuit of rebels of the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF). The Kenyan residents of the town, held demonstrations condemning the action, which they attributed to Ethiopian security men who believed he was a sympathizer of the OLF.[3] In March 2018, nine civilians were killed by the Ethiopian National Defense Force near Moyale after being misidentified as Oromo Liberation Front militants.[4]
In November 2009, Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi announced plans to extend the Ethiopian railroad to Moyale. This would facilitate Kenyan plans, which at the time were at an advanced stage, to develop the port of Lamu and connect it to the Kenyan side of Moyale with a tarmac road.[5]
Moyale is located at the frontier between the traditional territories of the Somali and Oromo peoples living in the southwestern part of Ethiopia.[6] Thus this business town is disputed between the two dominant ethnic groups who are Oromos and Somalis. Moyale saw four days of ethnic clashes in July 2012 over a long-standing land dispute between Borana and Garre communities,[7] exacerbated by drought conditions.[8] The fighting left at least eighteen dead, and more than twenty thousand people fled across the border into Kenya.[7]
Demographics
For the Ethiopian share of Moyale, based on figures from the Central Statistical Agency in 2005, it has an estimated total population of 25,038 of whom 13,665 are men and 11,373 are women.[9] The 1994 Ethiopian census reported that the Ethiopian side of Moyale had a total population of 13,962, of whom 7,411 were men and 6,551 were women. (This total also includes an estimate for parts of the town of Moyale, which were not counted; for these parts of the town, it was estimated there were 3,419 inhabitants, of whom 1,752 were men and 1,667 were women.) The eight largest ethnic groups reported in Moyale were the Borana Oromo (50.25%), Garre somali (30.30%), the Burji (9.75%), the Amhara (7.42%), the Degoodi Somali (4.95%), the Welayta (4.82%), and the Silt'e (4.28%).[10]. Oromo was spoken as a first language by 55.30%, second were 25.70% spoke by Somali, 15.96% spoke Burji, 3.96% spoke Welayta, and 3.62% spoke Silt'e.[10]
The Kenyan part of Moyale has an urban population of 9,276 (1999 census).[11]
One stop border crossing
In June 2021, the one stop border post (OSBP) crossing at Moyale began commercial operations. Officials from both countries sit together in one office and clear passengers and cargo, through immigration, customs, revenue collection and health clearance, saving time. This is the first OSBP for Ethiopia while Kenya maintains four others at Busia and Malaba with Uganda and at Namanga and Taveta with Tanzania.[12]
Climate
Moyale has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) moderated somewhat by altitude. Typically for East Africa, there are two rainy seasons: the “long rains” from March to May and the weaker, less reliable “short rains” in October and November.
| Climate data for Moyale, Kenya (1958-1994) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.4 (93.9) |
35.0 (95.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
31.7 (89.1) |
32.2 (90.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.6 (87.1) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.6 (87.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
23.9 (75.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
26.1 (79.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.1 (80.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.3 (64.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
14.4 (57.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 10.9 (0.43) |
18.5 (0.73) |
53.3 (2.10) |
176.8 (6.96) |
119.6 (4.71) |
16.8 (0.66) |
16.5 (0.65) |
16.5 (0.65) |
27.4 (1.08) |
95.8 (3.77) |
80.8 (3.18) |
38.6 (1.52) |
671.5 (26.44) |
| Source: Sistema de Clasificación Bioclimática Mundial[13] | |||||||||||||
References
- ^ C. W. Gwynn, "A Journey in Southern Abyssinia", Geographical Journal, 38 (August 1911), p. 122
- ^ Stewart, Andrew. "Forgotten Fights: The Battle of Amba Alagi 1941". National World War II Museum New Orleans. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ "Horn of Africa, Monthly Review, December '98-January '99", UN-OCHA Archive (accessed 23 February 2009)
- ^ Maasho, Aaron (March 11, 2018). Potter, Mark (ed.). "Ethiopian soldiers kill nine civilians mistaken for militants". Reuters.
- ^ "Kenya, Ethiopia for joint infrastructure (November 24, 2009)" Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, press release of the Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (accessed 28 December 2009)
- ^ "Somali-Oromo border referendum of December 2004" Archived 2009-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre website (accessed 11 February 2009)
- ^ a b "Ethiopia: 20,000 flee Moyale clashes - Red Cross". BBC News. 28 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ "Many killed in Ethiopia ethnic clashes". Al Jazeera. 28 July 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
- ^ CSA 2005 National Statistics, Table B.4
- ^ a b 1994 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Results for Oromia Region, Vol. 1, part 1, Tables 2.1, 2.3, 2.14, 2.17 (accessed 6 April 2009)
- ^ Urban Poverty All Kenya Province Through Location
- ^ Luke Anami (8 June 2021). "Kenya, Ethiopia one-stop border post at Moyale opens". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 9 June 2021.
- ^ "KENYA - MOYALE". Centro de Investigaciones Fitosociológicas. Retrieved 2011-10-05.
External links
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| National | |
