Fieryblack shiner: Difference between revisions
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| synonyms = ''Notropis pyrrhomelas''<small>(Cope, 1870)</small><br>''Photogenis pyrrhomelas'' <small>Cope, 1870</small> |
| synonyms = ''Notropis pyrrhomelas''<small>(Cope, 1870)</small><br>''Photogenis pyrrhomelas'' <small>Cope, 1870</small> |
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The '''fieryblack shiner''' (''Cyprinella pyrrhomelas'') is a species of fish in the family [[Cyprinidae]]. It is endemic to the [[United States]], |
The '''fieryblack shiner''' (''Cyprinella pyrrhomelas'') is a species of fish in the family [[Cyprinidae]]. It is endemic to the [[United States]], where it occurs in the [[Santee River|Santee]] and [[Pee Dee River|Pee Dee]] river drainages in [[North Carolina|North]] and [[South Carolina]].<ref>{{FishBase species |genus= Cyprinella|species= pyrrhomelas| month = February | year = 2014}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
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The fieryblack shiner is a small fish, 47-110 millimeters, with vertical, diamond-shaped scales that are characteristic of the ''Cyprinella'' genus. Markings include a red snout, a narrow black stripe along the black, a black edge on the [[caudal fin]], and a black back on the sides of the head behind the [[gill cover]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fieryblack Shiner - Cyprinella pyrrhomelas |url=http://www.scaquarium.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Fieryblack-Shiner.pdf |access-date=15 April 2015 |website=South Carolina Aquarium}}</ref> During breeding season, males' snouts turn bright red, their backs turn blue, the caudal fin is marked with a bright red and white band, and all other fines turn white. Males use their large and colorful fins for mating displays during breeding. Males have been observed circling each other with fins flared in a territorial display.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arndt |first=Rudolf G. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fVZHbQ7eJLQC&newbks=0&hl=en |title=Freshwater Fishes of South Carolina |last2=Quattro |first2=Joseph M. |last3=Foltz |first3=Jeffrey W. |date=2009 |publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-57003-680-4 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref> |
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Females deposit eggs in sheltered locations such as submerged logs and crevices. They spawn multiple times between May and June, rather than releasing eggs all at once. |
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== Distribution and habitat == |
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Fieryblack shiners are found in North and South Carolina, above the [[Atlantic Seaboard Fall Line|Fall Line]] from the [[Piedmont (United States)|Piedmont Region]] to the mountains in the Pee Dee and Santee rivers. It requires cool, clear water in creeks and small to moderately sized rivers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bettinger |first=Jason |date=2015 |title=Fieryblack Shiner Cyprinella pyrrhomelas |url=https://www.dnr.sc.gov/swap/supplemental/freshwaterfish/fieryblackshiner2015.pdf |access-date=15 April 2022 |website=South Carolina Department of Natural Resources}}</ref> |
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Prior to 1990, the fieryblack shiner was not present in the watershed of the [[Savannah River]], but surveys have identified them in the [[Chattooga River|Chattooga River system]]. It is likely that they were introduced to the new location through releases from bait buckets.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fieryblack Shiner (Cyprinella pyrrhomelas) - Species Profile |url=https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=519 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=nas.er.usgs.gov}}</ref> |
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== Status == |
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The fieryblack shiner is not listed federally or in either North or South Carolina as a species of special concern. They are considered secure in North Carolina, though there are concerns for their long-term status because of their limited distribution. Information on population size and status is also limited. |
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=== Threats === |
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The fieryblack shiner faces many of the same challenges as those by other fish species: pollution, deforestation, encroaching human development, and [[siltation]] from poor land use practices. The development of [[Interstate 85|I-85]] between [[Charlotte, North Carolina]] and [[Greenville, South Carolina]] poses potential risk to this and other fish species. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 14:31, 15 April 2022
| Fieryblack shiner | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Cypriniformes |
| Family: | Cyprinidae |
| Subfamily: | Leuciscinae |
| Clade: | Pogonichthyinae |
| Genus: | Cyprinella |
| Species: | C. pyrrhomelas
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| Binomial name | |
| Cyprinella pyrrhomelas (Cope, 1870)
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| Synonyms | |
|
Notropis pyrrhomelas(Cope, 1870) | |
The fieryblack shiner (Cyprinella pyrrhomelas) is a species of fish in the family Cyprinidae. It is endemic to the United States, where it occurs in the Santee and Pee Dee river drainages in North and South Carolina.[2]
Description
The fieryblack shiner is a small fish, 47-110 millimeters, with vertical, diamond-shaped scales that are characteristic of the Cyprinella genus. Markings include a red snout, a narrow black stripe along the black, a black edge on the caudal fin, and a black back on the sides of the head behind the gill cover.[3] During breeding season, males' snouts turn bright red, their backs turn blue, the caudal fin is marked with a bright red and white band, and all other fines turn white. Males use their large and colorful fins for mating displays during breeding. Males have been observed circling each other with fins flared in a territorial display.[4]
Females deposit eggs in sheltered locations such as submerged logs and crevices. They spawn multiple times between May and June, rather than releasing eggs all at once.
Distribution and habitat
Fieryblack shiners are found in North and South Carolina, above the Fall Line from the Piedmont Region to the mountains in the Pee Dee and Santee rivers. It requires cool, clear water in creeks and small to moderately sized rivers.[5]
Prior to 1990, the fieryblack shiner was not present in the watershed of the Savannah River, but surveys have identified them in the Chattooga River system. It is likely that they were introduced to the new location through releases from bait buckets.[6]
Status
The fieryblack shiner is not listed federally or in either North or South Carolina as a species of special concern. They are considered secure in North Carolina, though there are concerns for their long-term status because of their limited distribution. Information on population size and status is also limited.
Threats
The fieryblack shiner faces many of the same challenges as those by other fish species: pollution, deforestation, encroaching human development, and siltation from poor land use practices. The development of I-85 between Charlotte, North Carolina and Greenville, South Carolina poses potential risk to this and other fish species.
References
- ^ NatureServe (2013). "Cyprinella pyrrhomelas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T202085A15362452. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T202085A15362452.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Cyprinella pyrrhomelas". FishBase. February 2014 version.
- ^ "Fieryblack Shiner - Cyprinella pyrrhomelas" (PDF). South Carolina Aquarium. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ Arndt, Rudolf G.; Quattro, Joseph M.; Foltz, Jeffrey W. (2009). Freshwater Fishes of South Carolina. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 123. ISBN 978-1-57003-680-4.
- ^ Bettinger, Jason (2015). "Fieryblack Shiner Cyprinella pyrrhomelas" (PDF). South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
- ^ "Fieryblack Shiner (Cyprinella pyrrhomelas) - Species Profile". nas.er.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2022-04-15.
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