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More than 1,000 Orlan-10s have been produced, with 11 different variations.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |title=Уникальная отечественная разработка: эксклюзивные кадры с испытаний "Орланов" под Петербургом |work=[[Zvezda (TV channel)]]|date=2018-03-09|access-date= 2019-05-18 | via = You tube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |archive-date= 2019-03-21|url-status= live}}</ref> Over 50 UAVs were delivered for export in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1366093|title = Russia's state arms exporter to offer kamikaze drones, heavy UAVs to foreign customers | publisher = Taß}}</ref> The Orlan-10 features a composite hull that reduces its radar signature.<ref>{{Cite web | work = Air recognition | url= http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/march/4903-russia-northeastern-forces-operate-orlan-10-drones.html |title=Russia: Northeastern Forces operate Orlan-10 drones |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190322103838/http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/march/4903-russia-northeastern-forces-operate-orlan-10-drones.html |archive-date=2019-03-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> It has seen action in [[Russo-Ukrainian War |Ukraine]], [[Syrian civil war|Syria]], [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Libya]] and [[Nagorno-Karabakh]].<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = Jane's |url= https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |title= Russian UAV recovered in Libya |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503025048/https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |archive-date= 2019-05-03 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/1230533 |title=Russian peacekeepers use latest drones, video conferencing systems in Karabakh}}</ref> According to media reports, an updated variant of Orlan-10 tactical UAV was to enter service with the Russia's ground forces in 2020. The updated variant is expected to have a laser designator to allow it to pinpoint targets for precision-guided artillery and aircraft munitions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia to bring new Orlan UAV variant into service next year |url= https://www.janes.com/article/91678/russia-to-bring-new-orlan-uav-variant-into-service-next-year |access-date= 4 October 2019 |publisher=Jane's 360 |date=3 October 2019}}</ref>
More than 1,000 Orlan-10s have been produced, with 11 different variations.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |title=Уникальная отечественная разработка: эксклюзивные кадры с испытаний "Орланов" под Петербургом |work=[[Zvezda (TV channel)]]|date=2018-03-09|access-date= 2019-05-18 | via = You tube |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190321111005/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2fmL167PA8 |archive-date= 2019-03-21|url-status= live}}</ref> Over 50 UAVs were delivered for export in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/defense/1366093|title = Russia's state arms exporter to offer kamikaze drones, heavy UAVs to foreign customers | publisher = Taß}}</ref> The Orlan-10 features a composite hull that reduces its radar signature.<ref>{{Cite web | work = Air recognition | url= http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/march/4903-russia-northeastern-forces-operate-orlan-10-drones.html |title=Russia: Northeastern Forces operate Orlan-10 drones |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190322103838/http://airrecognition.com/index.php/archive-world-worldwide-news-air-force-aviation-aerospace-air-military-defence-industry/global-defense-security-news/2019-news-aerospace-industry-air-force/march/4903-russia-northeastern-forces-operate-orlan-10-drones.html |archive-date=2019-03-22 |url-status=live}}</ref> It has seen action in [[Russo-Ukrainian War |Ukraine]], [[Syrian civil war|Syria]], [[Libyan Civil War (2014–present)|Libya]] and [[Nagorno-Karabakh]].<ref>{{Cite web | publisher = Jane's |url= https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |title= Russian UAV recovered in Libya |access-date=2019-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503025048/https://www.janes.com/article/88173/russian-uav-recovered-in-libya |archive-date= 2019-05-03 |url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tass.com/world/1230533 |title=Russian peacekeepers use latest drones, video conferencing systems in Karabakh}}</ref> According to media reports, an updated variant of Orlan-10 tactical UAV was to enter service with the Russia's ground forces in 2020. The updated variant is expected to have a laser designator to allow it to pinpoint targets for precision-guided artillery and aircraft munitions.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia to bring new Orlan UAV variant into service next year |url= https://www.janes.com/article/91678/russia-to-bring-new-orlan-uav-variant-into-service-next-year |access-date= 4 October 2019 |publisher=Jane's 360 |date=3 October 2019}}</ref>


Downed Orlan-10 drones by Ukraine forces show serial numbers ranging from 11512 to 12652. This, combined with [[War in Donbass]] downed drones, suggest serial numbers ranging from 10212 and up to 12638. Thus actual production may be more than 2426 units. The serial number is prominently displayed at several places on drone.{{Citation needed |date=April 2022}}
Downed Orlan-10 drones by Ukraine forces show serial numbers ranging from 11512 to 12827.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/video_ukraine/status/1520438855060570112/photo/1| title=Another crashed russian Orlan-10.|date=30 April 2022}}</ref> This, combined with [[War in Donbass]] downed drones, suggest serial numbers ranging from 10212 and up to 12638. Thus actual production may be more than 2426 units. The serial number is prominently displayed at several places on drone.{{Citation needed |date=April 2022}}


== Operational history ==
== Operational history ==

Revision as of 16:55, 30 April 2022

Orlan-10
An Orlan-10 on display
Role Reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle
National origin Russia
Manufacturer Special Technology Center (STC)
Introduction 2010
Status In service
Primary users Russian Ground Forces
Tatmadaw[1]
Kazakhstan State Committee for National Security[2][3]
Armed Forces of Kazakhstan[4]
Number built >1000

The Orlan-10 (Template:Lang-ru) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) developed by the Special Technology Center (STC) in Saint Petersburg for the Russian Armed Forces.[5][6]

The price per system, which includes multiple drones and a control unit, is reportedly between USD 87 000 to USD 120 000.[7] It is usually used in groups of two or three, in which the first is used for reconnaissance at a height of 1,000 to 1,500 metres (3,300 to 4,900 ft), the second for electronic warfare and the third as a transponder which transmits information to the control center.[7] One system can include up to five vehicles.[8]

More than 1,000 Orlan-10s have been produced, with 11 different variations.[9] Over 50 UAVs were delivered for export in 2021.[10] The Orlan-10 features a composite hull that reduces its radar signature.[11] It has seen action in Ukraine, Syria, Libya and Nagorno-Karabakh.[12][13] According to media reports, an updated variant of Orlan-10 tactical UAV was to enter service with the Russia's ground forces in 2020. The updated variant is expected to have a laser designator to allow it to pinpoint targets for precision-guided artillery and aircraft munitions.[14]

Downed Orlan-10 drones by Ukraine forces show serial numbers ranging from 11512 to 12827.[15] This, combined with War in Donbass downed drones, suggest serial numbers ranging from 10212 and up to 12638. Thus actual production may be more than 2426 units. The serial number is prominently displayed at several places on drone.[citation needed]

Operational history

Ukraine

Orlan-10 on the launch catapult

War in Donbass

The Orlan-10 is reportedly being used in the War in Donbas. In this conflict aerial reconnaissance by unmanned aerial vehicles is banned by the Minsk agreements.[7] Ukrainian officials have claimed to have had shot down or captured several UAVs of this type since 2014:

  • In May 2014 Ukrainian officials reported that they had shot down an Orlan-10 in Ukraine.[6][16]
  • In July 2014 Ukrainian forces shot down two UAVs of this type – No. 10212 near Zelenopillia[17] and No. 10237 near Amvrosiivka.[18]
  • In August 2014 another Orlan-10 (No. 10215) was shot down by the Ukrainian forces with Strela-10 SAM system.[19]
  • In April 2016 the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) published a video of the UAV (No. 10264) which it claimed to have shot down near Avdiivka.[20]
  • In November 2016 Ukrainian officials stated that they had retrieved an Orlan-10 (No. 10332) drifting on the Azov Sea near Mariupol.[21]
  • In September 2017 an Orlan-10 (No. 11057) fell down on Ukrainian territory and was captured by Ukrainian forces.[22]
  • On 28 December 2017 Ukrainian troops shot down another Orlan-10 near Toretsk.[7]
  • On 10 January 2018 Ukrainian troops shot down another Orlan-10.[23]
  • On 16 August 2018 an unidentified UAV, similar to the Orlan-10, was shot down by Ukrainian anti-aircraft fire over Pervomaisk.[24][25]
  • On 13 October 2018 an Orlan-10 was shot down by a Ukrainian Mi-24 helicopter using gunfire near Lysychansk.[26][27]
  • On 19 November 2018 an Orlan-10 UAV was shot down by Ukrainian air defense forces.[28] RB-341V Leer-3 electronic warfare systems, which can control up to three Orlan-10 drones, were also spotted in Ukraine by OSCE in 2018 and 2020.[29][30]

Invasion of Ukraine, 2022

An upgraded version of the Orlan-10 was reportedly used in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Several have been shot down in combat during the war,[31][32] including by an UK-supplied Martlet missile.[33]

Syria

The Orlan-10 is being actively used by the Russian Ground Forces in the Syrian Civil War for either reconnaissance, collecting aerial imagery or 3D-mapping in support of humanitarian convoys and S&R operations.[34]

In November 2015, an Orlan-10 located the surviving member of a downed Russian Su-24M2 bomber and facilitated his speedy recovery.[34]

On 10 March 2020, an Orlan-10 drone was shot down by Syrian rebels in Suluk, Raqqa Governorate.[35]

Belarus

In early February 2022, an Orlan-10 drone crashed near Brest.[36][37]

Romania

On 13 March 2022, an Orlan-10 was found on a field in Bistrița-Năsăud County, Romania. It was initially thought to be a drone owned by a private person in Romania, however it was soon identified as a Russian-made Orlan-10. The investigation is ongoing.[38][39] According to the Ukrainian Air Force, the drone belongs to the Russian army.[40]

Specifications

UAV Orlan-10 lands by parachute

Data from [citation needed]

General characteristics

  • Capacity: 6 kg (13 lb) payload
  • Max takeoff weight: 15 kg (33 lb)
  • Launch method: folding catapult platform
  • Landing method: parachute recovery
  • Max. wind speed at launch: 10 m/s
  • Operational temperature range: −30 to +40 °C
  • Powerplant: 1 × Saito Manufacturing FA-62B single-cylinder four-stroke gasoline piston engine, 0.71 kW (0.95 hp)

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 245 km/h (152 mph, 132 kn)
  • Combat range: 1,400 km (870 mi, 760 nmi)
  • Ferry range: 600 km (370 mi, 320 nmi)
  • Endurance: 16 hours
  • Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)

Avionics


Orlan-10 system in use during the Slavic Brotherhood 2018 war games

References

  1. ^ "First Export of Russian Orlan-E Drones Goes to Myanmar". Defense world.
  2. ^ "Kyrgyzstan to acquire Bayraktar TB2 UAVs from Turkey". Jane's.
  3. ^ "ЦАМТО / Киргизия заказала 6 БЛА «Орлан-10Е» и 3 «Байрактар TB2»". Arms trade.
  4. ^ "Russia delivers combat aircraft, missile systems to Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan this year". Taß.
  5. ^ "Russia to produce its own unmanned vehicles". Unmanned. July 20, 2011. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  6. ^ a b Ostrovsky, Simon (30 May 2014). "Ukraine Says it Shot Down a Russian Spy Drone". Vice. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
  7. ^ a b c d Ukrainian troops shoot down Russian drone in ATO zone, UNIAN (29 December 2017)
  8. ^ "ЦАМТО / Новости / В Приморском крае мотострелки ВВО получили завершающую партию комплексов БЛА "Орлан-10"". Arms trade.
  9. ^ "Уникальная отечественная разработка: эксклюзивные кадры с испытаний "Орланов" под Петербургом". Zvezda (TV channel). 2018-03-09. Archived from the original on 2019-03-21. Retrieved 2019-05-18 – via You tube.
  10. ^ "Russia's state arms exporter to offer kamikaze drones, heavy UAVs to foreign customers". Taß.
  11. ^ "Russia: Northeastern Forces operate Orlan-10 drones". Air recognition. Archived from the original on 2019-03-22. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  12. ^ "Russian UAV recovered in Libya". Jane's. Archived from the original on 2019-05-03. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  13. ^ "Russian peacekeepers use latest drones, video conferencing systems in Karabakh".
  14. ^ "Russia to bring new Orlan UAV variant into service next year". Jane's 360. 3 October 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  15. ^ "Another crashed russian Orlan-10". 30 April 2022.
  16. ^ "У зоні проведення АТО припинено несанкціонований політ російського безпілотника" (in Ukrainian). Security Service of Ukraine. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  17. ^ Seleznev, Vladislav (2014-07-13). "Post by SBU official regarding a shot down Orlan-10". Facebook (in Russian). Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  18. ^ "Під Амвросіївкою військові збили черговий російський безпілотник" (in Ukrainian). Espreso TV. 23 July 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  19. ^ "(Official Facebook post)" (in Ukrainian). Press-centre of the Anti-Terrorist Operation (ATO) of Ukraine. 2014-08-01. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  20. ^ "У районі Авдіївки збито безпілотник російських військових" (in Ukrainian). Security Service of Ukraine. 8 April 2017. Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  21. ^ Russian drone retrieved from Azov Sea near Mariupol coast (photos, video) Archived 2016-11-07 at the Wayback Machine, UNIAN (7 November 2016)
  22. ^ "Украина опубликовала фото упавшего "российского беспилотника"" (in Russian). Дождь. 17 September 2017. Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved 17 September 2017.
  23. ^ Another Russian drone downed by Ukraine troops in Donbas, second since Christmas truce, UNIAN (12 January 2018)
  24. ^ "ООС: сводные данные – 17 августа 2018". mediarnbo.org. 17 August 2018. Archived from the original on 17 August 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2019.
  25. ^ "Засобами ППО Об'єднаних сил збито російський безпілотний літальний апарат". Операція об'єднаних сил / Joint Forces Operation (official channel) (in Ukrainian). 17 Aug 2018.
  26. ^ "Official Facebook post" (in Ukrainian). Press-centre of Joint Forces Operation of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 14 October 2018.
  27. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-12-09. Retrieved 2019-05-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  28. ^ "Ukraine's air defense unit shoots down Russian Orlan-10 drone in Donbas (Photo)". Archived from the original on 2019-04-28. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
  29. ^ OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (11 August 2018). "Latest from the OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine (SMM), based on information received as of 19:30, 10 August 2018". www.osce.org. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  30. ^ "Daily Report 60/2020". OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine. 12 March 2020. Retrieved 24 March 2020.
  31. ^ "The Russians increased the flight altitude of the Eagles to 5500–6500 meters – Commander of the 58th Brigade". Ukrainian Military Center. 2022-01-09. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  32. ^ Joseph Trevithick (2022-03-05). "The Russian Air Force Just Had A Terrible Day Over Ukraine". The Drive. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  33. ^ "First Russian drone destroyed by a new British Martlet missile in Ukraine". AreoTime. 11 April 2022. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  34. ^ a b As of June 9th 2021 an Orlan 10 killed a prominent HTS member known as Abu Khalid al-Shami "Russian UAVs in Syria". bmpd.livejournal.com. 3 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 October 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  35. ^ "Opposition factions shot down a Russian reconnaissance plane in the countryside of Raqqa]" (in Arabic).
  36. ^ "The Insider: Przechwycony na Białorusi dron jest rosyjski, a nie ukraiński".
  37. ^ "Zwiadowczy dron rozbił się na poligonie przy".
  38. ^ "Reports of Russian drone landing in Romania". Ukrinform. 14 March 2022.
  39. ^ Cristiana Sabău (14 March 2022). "Cazul "drona căzută la Tărpiu" va fi cercetat de Parchetul de pe lângă Curtea de Apel Cluj". TimpOnline (in Romanian).
  40. ^ Cosmin Stăniloiu (15 March 2022). "Aviația ucraineană spune că drona căzută lângă Bistrița e a armatei ruse. O alta, care a survolat Polonia, e fost doborâtă". Libertatea (in Romanian).
  41. ^ Bill Bostock (11 April 2022). "Video shows Ukrainian soldier taking apart a Russian drone and discovering its components include a plastic bottle top for a fuel cap". Business Insider. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  42. ^ David Hambling (11 April 2022). "Russia's Deadly Artillery Drones Have A Strange Secret". Forbes. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
  43. ^ a b "Unboxing" of Russian "Orlan" on YouTube
  44. ^ David Baker (12 April 2022). "Ukrainians discover Canon DSLR in camera array of dismantled Russian drone". DIY Photography. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
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