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[[File:Kilakarai Arabic tombstone.jpg|thumb|Arwi script in a tombstone at [[Kilakarai]], [[Palaiya Jumma Palli|Old Jumma Masjid]]]]
'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْأَرْوِيَّة}} {{transl|ar|al-arwiyyah}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].
'''Arwi''' or '''ArabuTamil''' (Arabic: {{Script/Arabic|الْأَرْوِيَّة}} {{transl|ar|al-arwiyyah}}, {{Script/Arabic|أَرْوِي}} {{transl|ar|arwī}};<ref name="tors" /> {{lang-ta|அரபுத்தமிழ்}} {{transl|ta|ISO|arabu-tamil}}<span style="margin-left:1px">)</span> is an [[Arabic]] influenced dialect of the [[Tamil language|Tamil]] language written with an [[Arabic Extended-A|extension of the Arabic alphabet]], with extensive [[Lexicon|lexical]] and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the [[Tamil Muslim|Muslim minority]] of [[Tamil Nadu]] state of [[India]] and [[Sri Lanka]].


==History==
== History ==
⚫
[[File:Kilakarai Arabic tombstone.jpg|thumb|left|Arwi script in a tombstone at [[Kilakarai]], [[Palaiya Jumma Palli|Old Jumma Masjid]]]]

Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and [[Marakkar|Tamil-speaking Muslims]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in [[Kayalpatnam|Kayalpattinam]]. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, [[sufism]], law, medicine and [[sexology]], of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<ref>
Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and [[Marakkar|Tamil-speaking Muslims]] of [[Tamil Nadu]]. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in [[Kayalpatnam|Kayalpattinam]]. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, [[sufism]], law, medicine and [[sexology]], of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.<ref>
''216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. [http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html |date=2012-10-02 }} accessed on 2009-08-14
''216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal'' Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. [http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html Online version] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002144937/http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2003/01/05/fea24.html |date=2012-10-02 }} accessed on 2009-08-14
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Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil muslim ([[Arwi Muslims|Arwi Muslim]]) and [[Sri Lankan Moors|Sri Lankan Moor]] families.
Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil muslim ([[Arwi Muslims|Arwi Muslim]]) and [[Sri Lankan Moors|Sri Lankan Moor]] families.
{{Clear|left}}

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== Script ==
⚫
[[Image:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|left|350px]]
[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumb|right|250px|Sample text written in the Arwi dialect of Tamil with a Arabic-based Jawi alphabet.]]


⚫
==Script==
The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels ''e'' and ''o'' and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<ref name="tors"/>
The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels ''e'' and ''o'' and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.<ref name="tors"/>


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{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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[[Image:Image-Arwi.png|thumb|350px]]

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Arwi vowels arranged according to the [[Tamil script|Tamil order]]<br/> (right to left)
|+ Arwi vowels arranged according to the [[Tamil script|Tamil order]]<br/> (right to left)
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[[File:Arwi-lan1.png|thumbnail]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Arwi letters arranged according to the [[Arabic script in Unicode|Arabic {{transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|Alphabetical}} order]] (right to left)
|+ Arwi letters arranged according to the [[Arabic script in Unicode|Arabic {{transl|ta|ISO|italic=no|Alphabetical}} order]] (right to left)
|-
|-
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|-
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{{Clear|left}}


==See also==
== See also ==
*[[Jawi alphabet|Jawi Alphabets]]
* [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi Alphabets]]
*[[Swahili language]]
* [[Swahili language]]
*[[Arabi Malayalam]]
* [[Arabi Malayalam]]
*[[Arabic Script]]
* [[Arabic Script]]


== References ==
== References ==
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{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090528211039/http://www.armu.com/armu/works/archives/10aug1999/arwi2.html Arwi: Comments, Questions and Answers]
* [http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi] Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).
* [http://www.seu.ac.lk/researchandpublications/symposium%20fia/2014/Islamic%20Thoughts%20Civi/Islamic%20Cultural%20Values%20of%20Arwi%20Dialect.pdf Islamic Cultural Values of Arwi] Southeastern university of Sri Lanka. Research and publication (2014).

Revision as of 03:48, 2 May 2022

Arwi
الأروية - அல் அர்விய்யா
Arwi written in Arabic Script
Script type
Time period
Present
StatusReligious Uses
DirectionRight-to-left script Edit this on Wikidata
RegionIndia, Sri Lanka
LanguagesTamil
Related scripts
Parent systems
Sister systems
Arabi Malayalam
ISO 15924
ISO 15924Arab (160), ​Arabic
Unicode
Unicode alias
Arabic
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Arwi or ArabuTamil (Arabic: الْأَرْوِيَّة‎ al-arwiyyah, أَرْوِي‎ arwī;[1] Template:Lang-ta arabu-tamil) is an Arabic influenced dialect of the Tamil language written with an extension of the Arabic alphabet, with extensive lexical and phonetic influences from the Arabic language. Arwi was used extensively by the Muslim minority of Tamil Nadu state of India and Sri Lanka.

History

Arwi script in a tombstone at Kilakarai, Old Jumma Masjid

Arwi was an outcome of the cultural synthesis between seafaring Arabs and Tamil-speaking Muslims of Tamil Nadu. This language was enriched, promoted and developed in Kayalpattinam. It had a rich body of work in jurisprudence, sufism, law, medicine and sexology, of which little has been preserved. It was used as a bridge language for Tamil Muslims to learn Arabic.[2] The patrons of Arwi seem to have been the Nawab of the Carnatic, they were Islamic and were part of the Mughal Empire. Many hadith manuscripts have been found. Most of the fiqh books, particularly those of Imaam Shaafi and Imaam Abu Hanifa, have been found in Arwi.

There was also a translation of the Bible into Arwi in 1926.

Arwi still has a place among the more traditional Tamil muslim (Arwi Muslim) and Sri Lankan Moor families.

Script

Sample text written in the Arwi dialect of Tamil with a Arabic-based Jawi alphabet.

The Arwi alphabet is the Arabic alphabet, with thirteen additional letters used to represent the Tamil vowels e and o and several Tamil consonants that could not be mapped to Arabic sounds.[1]

Arwi vowels arranged according to the Tamil order
(right to left)
ஔ ஓ ஒ ஐ ஏ எ ஊ உ ஈ இ ஆ அ
اَو‎ اٗو‎ اٗ‎ اَی‎ ای‎ ࣣا‎ اُو‎ اُ‎ اِی‎ اِ‎ آ‎ اَ‎
au ō o ai ē e ū u ī i ā a
Arwi letters arranged according to the Arabic Alphabetical order (right to left)
ள ஷ ஸ ஃஜ ர ற ட்ட ட த ஃக ச்ச ஜ த்த ஆ
ض‎ صٜ‎ ص‎ ش‎ س‎ ز‎ ڔ‎ ر‎ ذ‎ ڍ‎ ڊ‎ د‎ خ‎ ح‎ چ‎ ج‎ ث‎ ت‎ ب‎ ا‎
ḍ ḷ ṣ ś s z r̠ r ẕ T D d kh h̤ c j s̱ t b ā
ய வ ஹ ஞ ண ந,ன ம ல க க்க ப ஃப ங ழ
ي‎ و‎ ه‎ ݧ‎ ڹ‎ ن‎ م‎ ل‎ ࢴ‎ ك‎ ق‎ ڣ‎ ف‎ غ‎ ࢳ‎ ع‎ ظ‎ ط‎ ۻ‎
y w h ñ ṇ n m l g k q p f ġ ng [‘] Error: {{Transliteration}}: transliteration text not Latin script (pos 1) (help) ẓ t̤ ḻ

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Torsten Tschacher (2001). Islam in Tamilnadu: Varia. (Südasienwissenschaftliche Arbeitsblätter 2.) Halle: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. ISBN 3-86010-627-9. (Online versions available on the websites of the university libraries at Heidelberg and Halle: http://archiv.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/savifadok/volltexte/2009/1087/pdf/Tschacher.pdf and http://www.suedasien.uni-halle.de/SAWA/Tschacher.pdf).
  2. ^ 216 th year commemoration today: Remembering His Holiness Bukhary Thangal Sunday Observer – January 5, 2003. Online version Archived 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine accessed on 2009-08-14
  • Shu’ayb, Tayka. Arabic, Arwi and Persian in Sarandib and Tamil Nadu. Madras: Imāmul 'Arūs Trust, 1993.
  • Yunush Ahamed Mohamed Sherif ARABUTTAMIL/ARWI: THE IDENTITY OF THE TAMIL MUSLIMS TJPRC Publication.
  • Dr. K. M. A. Ahamed Zubair. The Rise and Decline of Arabu–Tamil Language for Tamil Muslims IIUC STUDIES, 2014
  • DR. S.M.M Mazahir. அறபுத் தமிழும் அறபுத்தமிழ் ஆக்கங்களும் 2018
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