55 Day War: Difference between revisions
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|combatant1= {{flagicon image|Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg}} [[Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola|MPLA]] |
|combatant1= {{flagicon image|Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola (bandeira).svg}} [[Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola|MPLA]] |
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'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|France}} |
'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|France}}<ref><ref name="Battersby"/></ref> |
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|combatant2= {{flagicon image|Flag of UNITA.svg}} [[UNITA]] |
|combatant2= {{flagicon image|Flag of UNITA.svg}} [[UNITA]] |
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'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Zimbabwe}}<br />{{flag|Ghana}}<br />{{flag|Guinea}} |
'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Zimbabwe}}<br />{{flag|Ghana}}<br />{{flag|Guinea}}<ref><ref name="Battersby"/></ref> |
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During the conflict, the MPLA lost 40 tanks and most of its artillery and small arms were captured.<ref name="Battersby"/> UNITA claims that MPLA's casualties were 12,000. Other estimates of casualties totaled 12,000 to 15,000 with 5,000 being civilians.<ref name="Battersby"/> |
During the conflict, the MPLA lost 40 tanks and most of its artillery and small arms were captured.<ref name="Battersby"/> UNITA claims that MPLA's casualties were 12,000. Other estimates of casualties totaled 12,000 to 15,000 with 5,000 being civilians.<ref name="Battersby"/> |
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As a consequence of this conflict, Huambo lost its hegemony over other Angolan cities, having lost its industrial base, schools, universities and homes.{{Citation needed|date=October 2016}} |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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Revision as of 22:45, 5 May 2022
| 55 Day War | |||||||
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| Part of the Angolan Civil War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
Supported by: FranceCite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). |
Supported by: Zimbabwe Ghana GuineaCite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page). | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
 João de Matos Higino Carneiro |
 Jonas Savimbi Demosthenes Amos Chilingutila | ||||||
The 55 Day War (Template:Lang-pt) occurred in Angola, following the 1992 elections, when the city of Huambo was disrupted by a confrontation between the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). The war lasted 55 days, beginning on 9 January 1993.[1][2]
Over those days, the city was destroyed and lay in ruins. Few prisoners were taken. Wounded civilians and soldiers were left in the streets to die.[3]
After 55 days of urban warfare, UNITA held the city.[1] The MPLA retired to Benguela.[citation needed]
During the conflict, the MPLA lost 40 tanks and most of its artillery and small arms were captured.[3] UNITA claims that MPLA's casualties were 12,000. Other estimates of casualties totaled 12,000 to 15,000 with 5,000 being civilians.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b Porto, João Gomes; Alden, Chris; Parsons, Imogen (2007). From Soldiers to Citizens: Demilitarization of Conflict and Society. Ashgate. p. 51. ISBN 9780754692287. OCLC 318536876.
- ^ "Stories from Huambo", survivors speak about the siege of their city
- ^ a b c Battersby, John (1993). "A Renewal of Civil War Ruins an Angolan City". The Christian Science Monitor (April 16). Retrieved 18 October 2016.
- Bibliography
- Porto, João Gomes; Alden, Chris; Parsons, Imogen (2007). From Soldiers to Citizens: Demilitarization of Conflict and Society. Ashgate. ISBN 9780754692287. OCLC 318536876.
- Malley-Morrison, Kathleen (2009). State Violence and the Right to Peace: Western Europe and North America. Praeger Security International/ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780275996475. OCLC 319868186.
Further reading
- "The battle for Huambo" 1993, Economist, 326, 7801, pp. 43–45.
- "Fingers crossed" 1994, Economist, 333, 7893, p. 44.
- "The ruins of rebellion" 1994, Economist, 330, 7852, pp. 44–45.