Ramalina menziesii: Difference between revisions
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=== Taxonomy: === |
=== Taxonomy: === |
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In 1775, lace lichen was given its first Linnean binomial name of ''Lichen retiformis'' by Archibald Menzies. It was also referred to as ''Lichen reticulatis'' by Nohden in 1801<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Villella |first=John |date=2016 |title=A look at how lace lichen came to be known as Ramalina menziesii and how it grows its nets |url=http://www.californialichens.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CALS_2016_23-2.pdf#page=3 |journal=Bulletin of the California Lichen Society |volume=23 |pages=1-5}}</ref>. Thomas Taylor then incorporated lace lichen into the genus ''Ramalina'' and described it in the London Journal of Botany in 1847 as ''Ramalina menziesii''<ref name=":0" />. |
In 1775, lace lichen was given its first Linnean binomial name of ''Lichen retiformis'' by Archibald Menzies. It was also referred to as ''Lichen reticulatis'' by Nohden in 1801 <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Villella |first=John |date=2016 |title=A look at how lace lichen came to be known as Ramalina menziesii and how it grows its nets |url=http://www.californialichens.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CALS_2016_23-2.pdf#page=3 |journal=Bulletin of the California Lichen Society |volume=23 |pages=1-5}}</ref>. Thomas Taylor then incorporated lace lichen into the genus ''Ramalina'' and described it in the London Journal of Botany in 1847 as ''Ramalina menziesii'' <ref name=":0" />. |
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=== Description: === |
=== Description: === |
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''Ramalina menziesii'' is a fruticose epiphytic lichen found on coastal regions of North America that produce a large and conspicuous thallus<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=William B. |date=1992 |title=Comparative In situ Studies of Thallus Net Development in Morphologically Distinct Populations of the Lichen Ramalina menziesii |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3243435 |journal=The Bryologist |language=en-US |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=192 |doi=10.2307/3243435 |issn=0007-2745}}</ref>. Expansion of its perforated tissue from the thallus apex produces its net-like morphology<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=William B. |last2=Ascaso |first2=Carmen |date=1995-11 |title=Reiterative production and deformation of cell walls in expanding thallus nets of the lichen ramalina menziesii (Lecanorales, Ascomycetes) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12672.x |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1358–1366 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12672.x}}</ref>. This morphology ranges from thick nets in sunny regions to thin filaments in foggy regions<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Boucher |first=V. L. |last2=III |first2=T. H. Nash |date=1990 |title=Growth Patterns in Ramalina menziesii in California: Coastal vs. Inland Populations |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3243516 |journal=The Bryologist |language=en-US |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=295 |doi=10.2307/3243516 |issn=0007-2745}}</ref>. Studies have suggested that this morphological variation is a result of both genetic differences between populations, as well as phenotypic plasticity within the species<ref name=":1" />. |
''Ramalina menziesii'' is a fruticose epiphytic lichen found on coastal regions of North America that produce a large and conspicuous thallus <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=William B. |date=1992 |title=Comparative In situ Studies of Thallus Net Development in Morphologically Distinct Populations of the Lichen Ramalina menziesii |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3243435 |journal=The Bryologist |language=en-US |volume=95 |issue=2 |pages=192 |doi=10.2307/3243435 |issn=0007-2745}}</ref>. Expansion of its perforated tissue from the thallus apex produces its net-like morphology <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sanders |first=William B. |last2=Ascaso |first2=Carmen |date=1995-11 |title=Reiterative production and deformation of cell walls in expanding thallus nets of the lichen ramalina menziesii (Lecanorales, Ascomycetes) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12672.x |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=82 |issue=11 |pages=1358–1366 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12672.x}}</ref>. This morphology ranges from thick nets in sunny regions to thin filaments in foggy regions <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Boucher |first=V. L. |last2=III |first2=T. H. Nash |date=1990 |title=Growth Patterns in Ramalina menziesii in California: Coastal vs. Inland Populations |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3243516 |journal=The Bryologist |language=en-US |volume=93 |issue=3 |pages=295 |doi=10.2307/3243516 |issn=0007-2745}}</ref>. Studies have suggested that this morphological variation is a result of both genetic differences between populations, as well as phenotypic plasticity within the species <ref name=":1" />. |
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=== Distribution and Habitat: === |
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''Ramalina menziesii'' is found from the Baja California of Mexico to the temperate rainforests of Alaska, with six distinct ecoregions <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Knudsen |first=Kerry |date=2016 |title=Some results of Dr. Silke Werth’s study of lace lichen |url=http://www.californialichens.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/CALS_2016_23-2.pdf#page=3 |journal=Bulletin of the California Lichen Society |volume=23 |pages=pp.6-8}}</ref>. Throughout their distribution, the occupied habitat differs in relation to the distance from the coast. In Baja California, lace lichen is most common on shrubs in the coastal fog deserts and on cacti, shrubs and trees in the inland chaparral habitats <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Werth |first=Silke |last2=Sork |first2=Victoria L. |date=2014-07 |title=Ecological specialization in Trebouxia (Trebouxiophyceae) photobionts of Ramalina menziesii (Ramalinaceae) across six range‐covering ecoregions of western North America |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.1400025 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=101 |issue=7 |pages=1127–1140 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1400025 |issn=0002-9122}}</ref>. In coastal California, lace lichen is found in habitats dominated by coastal live oak, tan oak, California laurel, red alder, and willow. In the northern and southern Californian inland habitats, the habitats are dominated by oak savannas of valley oak, blue oak, and coastal live oak <ref name=":2" />. The northern and southern Californian habitats are geographically separated from the coastal range. As you move towards the pacific northwest, lace lichen is found in temperate mixed coniferous forests of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and some broad-leafed species <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Werth |first=Silke |last2=Sork |first2=Victoria L. |date=2008-05 |title=Local genetic structure in a North American epiphytic lichen, Ramalina menziesii (Ramalinaceae) |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.2007024 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=95 |issue=5 |pages=568–576 |doi=10.3732/ajb.2007024 |issn=0002-9122}}</ref>. As you move inland in their northern distribution, lace lichen quickly disappear. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 23:00, 6 May 2022
| Ramalina menziesii | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Ramalinaceae |
| Genus: | Ramalina |
| Species: | R. menziesii
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| Binomial name | |
| Ramalina menziesii Taylor (1847)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
Ramalina menziesii, the lace lichen, is a pale yellowish-green to grayish-green foliose lichen that grows up to a meter long, hanging from bark and twigs in a distinctive net-like or lace-like pattern that is unlike any other lichen in North America.[2]: 192 It becomes a deeper green when wet.[2]: 192 Apothecia are lecanorine.[2]: 192 it is an important food source for deer in the Coast Range of California, and a source of nest material for birds.[2]: 192 It is highly variable in its growth form, with branches sometimes so slender as to appear like strands, sometimes tiny, and sometimes large with broadly flattened branches.[2]: 192
Lichen spot tests on the cortex are K−, C−, P− and KC+ (dark yellow).[2]: 192
After years of effort, the California Lichen Society was able to convince the state legislature to recognize the lichen as the state lichen of California, the first lichen so honored.[3][4]
Taxonomy:
In 1775, lace lichen was given its first Linnean binomial name of Lichen retiformis by Archibald Menzies. It was also referred to as Lichen reticulatis by Nohden in 1801 [5]. Thomas Taylor then incorporated lace lichen into the genus Ramalina and described it in the London Journal of Botany in 1847 as Ramalina menziesii [5].
Description:
Ramalina menziesii is a fruticose epiphytic lichen found on coastal regions of North America that produce a large and conspicuous thallus [6]. Expansion of its perforated tissue from the thallus apex produces its net-like morphology [7]. This morphology ranges from thick nets in sunny regions to thin filaments in foggy regions [8]. Studies have suggested that this morphological variation is a result of both genetic differences between populations, as well as phenotypic plasticity within the species [8].
Distribution and Habitat:
Ramalina menziesii is found from the Baja California of Mexico to the temperate rainforests of Alaska, with six distinct ecoregions [9]. Throughout their distribution, the occupied habitat differs in relation to the distance from the coast. In Baja California, lace lichen is most common on shrubs in the coastal fog deserts and on cacti, shrubs and trees in the inland chaparral habitats [10]. In coastal California, lace lichen is found in habitats dominated by coastal live oak, tan oak, California laurel, red alder, and willow. In the northern and southern Californian inland habitats, the habitats are dominated by oak savannas of valley oak, blue oak, and coastal live oak [10]. The northern and southern Californian habitats are geographically separated from the coastal range. As you move towards the pacific northwest, lace lichen is found in temperate mixed coniferous forests of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, and some broad-leafed species [11]. As you move inland in their northern distribution, lace lichen quickly disappear.
References
- ^ "Synonymy: Ramalina menziesii Taylor, London J. Bot. 6: 189 (1847)". Species Fungorum. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, ISBN 978-0-300-19500-2
- ^ "California's State Lichen: Lace lichen (Ramalina menziesii)". The California Lichen Society. Retrieved September 13, 2021.
- ^ Gumbiner, Daniel (May 19, 2016), "The Ex-Anarchist Construction Worker Who Became a World-Renowned Scientist", The Atlantic, retrieved September 13, 2021
- ^ a b Villella, John (2016). "A look at how lace lichen came to be known as Ramalina menziesii and how it grows its nets" (PDF). Bulletin of the California Lichen Society. 23: 1–5.
- ^ Sanders, William B. (1992). "Comparative In situ Studies of Thallus Net Development in Morphologically Distinct Populations of the Lichen Ramalina menziesii". The Bryologist. 95 (2): 192. doi:10.2307/3243435. ISSN 0007-2745.
- ^ Sanders, William B.; Ascaso, Carmen (1995-11). "Reiterative production and deformation of cell walls in expanding thallus nets of the lichen ramalina menziesii (Lecanorales, Ascomycetes)". American Journal of Botany. 82 (11): 1358–1366. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1995.tb12672.x.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Boucher, V. L.; III, T. H. Nash (1990). "Growth Patterns in Ramalina menziesii in California: Coastal vs. Inland Populations". The Bryologist. 93 (3): 295. doi:10.2307/3243516. ISSN 0007-2745.
- ^ Knudsen, Kerry (2016). "Some results of Dr. Silke Werth's study of lace lichen" (PDF). Bulletin of the California Lichen Society. 23: pp.6-8.
{{cite journal}}:|pages=has extra text (help) - ^ a b Werth, Silke; Sork, Victoria L. (2014-07). "Ecological specialization in Trebouxia (Trebouxiophyceae) photobionts of Ramalina menziesii (Ramalinaceae) across six range‐covering ecoregions of western North America". American Journal of Botany. 101 (7): 1127–1140. doi:10.3732/ajb.1400025. ISSN 0002-9122.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Werth, Silke; Sork, Victoria L. (2008-05). "Local genetic structure in a North American epiphytic lichen, Ramalina menziesii (Ramalinaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 95 (5): 568–576. doi:10.3732/ajb.2007024. ISSN 0002-9122.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
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