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{{nihongo|'''Isao Tomita'''|冨田 勲|Tomita Isao|extra=22 April 1932&nbsp;– 5 May 2016}},<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2016/05/08/music/isao-tomita-japanese-pioneer-of-synthesizer-music-dies-at-84/ |title=Isao Tomita, Japanese pioneer of synthesizer music, dies at 84 |first=Daisuke |last=Kikuchi |date=8 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> also known [[Mononymous person|mononymously]] as '''Tomita''', was a Japanese [[composer]], regarded <ref>{{cite web |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2016/05/r-i-p-isao-tomita-japenese-pioneer-of-electronic-music-has-died-at-age-84/ |title=R.I.P. Isao Tomita, Japanese pioneer of electronic music, has died at age 84 |last=Kaye |first=Ben |date=9 May 2016 |website=[[Consequence of Sound]] |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> as one of the pioneers of [[electronic music]]<ref name="jenkins_2007">{{cite book |title=Analog synthesizers: from the legacy of Moog to software synthesis |first=Mark |last=Jenkins |author-link=Mark Jenkins (musician) |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-240-52072-8 |pages=133–134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3EHIpo0DKwC&pg=PA133 |access-date=27 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.avclub.com/r-i-p-isao-tomita-electronic-music-pioneer-1798247051 |title=R.I.P. Isao Tomita, electronic music pioneer |last=Vishnevetsky |first=Ignatiy |date=9 May 2016 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="billboard_tomita">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/6944629/tomita/biography |title=Isao Tomita |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=7 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813152103/https://www.billboard.com/artist/6944629/tomita/biography |archive-date=13 August 2016}}</ref> and [[space music]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture |first=Thom |last=Holmes |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-95781-6 |chapter=Live Electronic Music and Ambient Music |page=403 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA403 |access-date=12 June 2011}}</ref> and as one of the most famous producers of [[analog synthesizer]] [[arrangement]]s.<ref name="allmusic_tomita">{{AllMusic |id=q6265 |label=Tomita |access-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> In addition to creating note-by-note realizations, Tomita made extensive use of the sound-design capabilities of his instrument, using synthesizers to create new sounds to accompany and enhance his electronic realizations of acoustic instruments.<ref name="allmusic_tomita" /> He also made effective use of analog [[music sequencer]]s<ref name="jenkins_2007" /> and the [[Mellotron]], and featured futuristic [[List of science fiction themes|science-fiction themes]],<ref name="billboard_tomita" /> while laying the foundations for [[synth-pop]] music<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Snowflakes Are Dancing |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/tomita/25745#/album/tomita/snowflakes-are-dancing-electronic-performances/85902/review |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> and [[Trance music|trance]]-like rhythms.<ref>{{cite book |title=Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture |first=Thom |last=Holmes |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-95781-6 |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA214 |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> Many of his albums are electronic versions and adaptations of famous classical music pieces. He received four [[Grammy Award]] nominations for his 1974 album based on music by Claude Debussy, ''[[Snowflakes Are Dancing]]''.<ref name="billboard_tomita"/>
{{nihongo|'''Isao Tomita'''|冨田 勲|Tomita Isao|extra=22 April 1932&nbsp;– 5 May 2016}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2016/05/08/music/isao-tomita-japanese-pioneer-of-synthesizer-music-dies-at-84/ |title=Isao Tomita, Japanese pioneer of synthesizer music, dies at 84 |first=Daisuke |last=Kikuchi |date=8 May 2016 |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |access-date=8 May 2016}}</ref> was a Japanese [[composer]], regarded <ref>{{cite web |url=https://consequenceofsound.net/2016/05/r-i-p-isao-tomita-japenese-pioneer-of-electronic-music-has-died-at-age-84/ |title=R.I.P. Isao Tomita, Japanese pioneer of electronic music, has died at age 84 |last=Kaye |first=Ben |date=9 May 2016 |website=[[Consequence of Sound]] |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref> as one of the pioneers of [[electronic music]]<ref name="jenkins_2007">{{cite book |title=Analog synthesizers: from the legacy of Moog to software synthesis |first=Mark |last=Jenkins |author-link=Mark Jenkins (musician) |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-240-52072-8 |pages=133–134 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c3EHIpo0DKwC&pg=PA133 |access-date=27 May 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.avclub.com/r-i-p-isao-tomita-electronic-music-pioneer-1798247051 |title=R.I.P. Isao Tomita, electronic music pioneer |last=Vishnevetsky |first=Ignatiy |date=9 May 2016 |website=[[The A.V. Club]] |access-date=13 January 2019}}</ref><ref name="billboard_tomita">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/6944629/tomita/biography |title=Isao Tomita |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |access-date=7 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813152103/https://www.billboard.com/artist/6944629/tomita/biography |archive-date=13 August 2016}}</ref> and [[space music]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture |first=Thom |last=Holmes |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-95781-6 |chapter=Live Electronic Music and Ambient Music |page=403 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA403 |access-date=12 June 2011}}</ref> and as one of the most famous producers of [[analog synthesizer]] [[arrangement]]s.<ref name="allmusic_tomita">{{AllMusic |id=q6265 |label=Tomita |access-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> In addition to creating note-by-note realizations, Tomita made extensive use of the sound-design capabilities of his instrument, using synthesizers to create new sounds to accompany and enhance his electronic realizations of acoustic instruments.<ref name="allmusic_tomita" /> He also made effective use of analog [[music sequencer]]s<ref name="jenkins_2007" /> and the [[Mellotron]], and featured futuristic [[List of science fiction themes|science-fiction themes]],<ref name="billboard_tomita" /> while laying the foundations for [[synth-pop]] music<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Snowflakes Are Dancing |magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/tomita/25745#/album/tomita/snowflakes-are-dancing-electronic-performances/85902/review |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> and [[Trance music|trance]]-like rhythms.<ref>{{cite book |title=Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture |first=Thom |last=Holmes |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-415-95781-6 |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&pg=PA214 |access-date=28 May 2011}}</ref> Many of his albums are electronic versions and adaptations of famous classical music pieces. He received four [[Grammy Award]] nominations for his 1974 album based on music by Claude Debussy, ''[[Snowflakes Are Dancing]]''.<ref name="billboard_tomita"/>


==Biography==
==Biography==

Revision as of 06:22, 8 May 2022

Isao Tomita
冨田 勲
Isao Tomita in 1977
Isao Tomita in 1977
Background information
Born(1932-04-22)22 April 1932
Tokyo, Empire of Japan
Died5 May 2016(2016-05-05) (aged 84)
Tokyo, Japan
GenresAmbient, classical, electronic, synth-pop, proto‑trance, space music
LabelsRCA Victor
Websiteisaotomita.net

Isao Tomita (冨田 勲, Tomita Isao, 22 April 1932 – 5 May 2016)[1] was a Japanese composer, regarded [2] as one of the pioneers of electronic music[3][4][5] and space music,[6] and as one of the most famous producers of analog synthesizer arrangements.[7] In addition to creating note-by-note realizations, Tomita made extensive use of the sound-design capabilities of his instrument, using synthesizers to create new sounds to accompany and enhance his electronic realizations of acoustic instruments.[7] He also made effective use of analog music sequencers[3] and the Mellotron, and featured futuristic science-fiction themes,[5] while laying the foundations for synth-pop music[8] and trance-like rhythms.[9] Many of his albums are electronic versions and adaptations of famous classical music pieces. He received four Grammy Award nominations for his 1974 album based on music by Claude Debussy, Snowflakes Are Dancing.[5]

Biography

1932–1968: Early life and composing career

Tomita was born in Tokyo and spent his early childhood with his father in China. After returning to Japan, he took private lessons in orchestration and composition while an art history student at Keio University, Tokyo. He graduated in 1955 and became a full-time composer for television, film and theatre. He composed the theme music for the Japanese Olympic gymnastics team for the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia.

In 1965, Tomita wrote music for Osamu Tezuka's Kimba the White Lion, but the American-English version had a different theme by Bernie Baum, Bill Giant and Florence Kaye. In the same year he scored the original Japanese version of Gulliver's Travels Beyond the Moon, but the film was re-scored by Milton DeLugg when it was dubbed into English.

In 1966, he wrote a tone poem based on the Kimba the White Lion, and an original video animation synchronized to this tone poem was released in 1991. With Kunio Miyauchi, he created the music for the tokusatsu science fiction/espionage/action television series Mighty Jack, which aired in 1968. The same year, he co-founded Group TAC.[10]

1969-1979: Electronic music

In the late 1960s, Tomita turned to electronic music with the impetus of Wendy Carlos and Robert Moog's work with synthesizers. He acquired a Moog III synthesizer and began building his home studio. He eventually realized that synthesizers could be used to create entirely new sounds in addition to mimicking other instruments.[7] His first electronic album was Electric Samurai: Switched on Rock, released in Japan in 1972 and in the United States in 1974. The album featured electronic renditions of contemporary rock and pop songs, while utilizing speech synthesis in place of a human voice.

Tomita then started arranging Claude Debussy's impressionist pieces for synthesizer and, in 1974, released the album Snowflakes Are Dancing; it became a worldwide success and was responsible for popularizing several aspects of synthesizer programming. It was the top-selling classical music album for that year. The album's contents included ambience, realistic string simulations, an early attempt to synthesize the sound of a symphony orchestra, whistles, and abstract bell-like sounds, as well as a number of processing effects including reverberation, phase shifting, flanging, and ring modulation. Quadraphonic versions of the album provided a spatial audio effect using four speakers.[3] A particularly significant achievement was its polyphonic sound, created prior to the era of polyphonic synthesizers. Tomita created the album's polyphony as Carlos had done before him, with the use of multitrack recording, recording each voice of a piece one at a time, on a separate tape track, and then mixing the result to stereo or quad. It took 14 months to produce the album.[11]

In his early albums, Tomita also made effective use of analog music sequencers, which he used for pitch, filter or effects changes and processed Mellotron sounds - especially 8 Voice Choir, creating quite stunning ethereal effects. Tomita's modular human whistle sounds would also be copied in the presets of later electronic instruments.[12] His version of "Arabesque No. 1" was later used as the theme to the astronomy television series Jack Horkheimer: Star Gazer (originally titled Star Hustler) seen on most PBS stations in the United States; in Japan, parts of his version of "Rêverie" were used for the opening and closing of Fuji Television's transmissions; in Spain, "Arabesque No. 1" was also used for the intro and the outro for the children TV program Planeta Imaginario (imaginary planet).[13]

Following the success of Snowflakes Are Dancing (1974), Tomita released a number of "classically" themed albums, including arrangements of: Igor Stravinsky's The Firebird (1976), Modest Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition (1976), and Gustav Holst's The Planets (1976). Holst: The Planets introduced a science fiction "space theme".[5] This album sparked controversy on its release, as Imogen Holst, daughter of Gustav Holst, refused permission for her father's work to be interpreted in this way.[14]

1978's Kosmos featured his renditions of Arthur Honegger's Pacific 231, Charles Ives's The Unanswered Question and the Star Wars theme.[15]

While working on his classical synthesizer albums, Tomita also composed numerous scores for Japanese television and films, including the Zatoichi television series, two Zatoichi feature films, the Oshi Samurai (Mute Samurai) television series and the Toho science fiction disaster film, Catastrophe 1999, The Prophesies of Nostradamus (U.S. title: Last Days of Planet Earth) in 1974. The latter blends synthesizer performances with pop-rock and orchestral instruments. It and a few other partial and complete scores of the period have been released on LP and later CD over the years in Japan. While not bootlegs, at least some of these releases were issued by film and television production companies without Tomita's artistic approval.

1980-2000: SoundCloud concerts

In 1984, Tomita released Canon of the Three Stars, which featured classical pieces renamed for astronomical objects. For example, the title piece is his version of Pachelbel's Canon in D Major. He credits himself with "The Plasma Symphony Orchestra", which was a computer synthesizer process using the wave forms of electromagnetic emanations from various stars and constellations for the sonic textures of this album.

Tomita performed a number of outdoor "SoundCloud" concerts, with speakers surrounding the audience in a "cloud of sound". He gave a big concert in 1984 at the annual contemporary music Ars Electronica festival in Linz, Austria called Mind of the Universe, mixing tracks live in a glass pyramid suspended over an audience of 80,000 people. He performed another concert in New York two years later to celebrate the Statue of Liberty centennial (Back to the Earth) as well as one in Sydney in 1988 for Australia's bicentennial. The Australian performance was part of a A$7 million gift from Japan to New South Wales, which included the largest fireworks display up to that time: six fixed sound and lighting systems — one of those on a moored barge in the centre of a bay, the other flown in by Chinook helicopter — for the relevant parts of the show. A fleet of barges with Japanese cultural performances, including kabuki fire drumming, passed by at various times. His last SoundCloud event was in Nagoya, Japan in 1997, featuring guest performances by The Manhattan Transfer, Ray Charles, Dionne Warwick, and Rick Wakeman.

In the late 1990s, he composed a symphonic fantasy for orchestra and synthesizer titled The Tale of Genji, inspired by the eponymous old Japanese story. It was performed by symphony orchestras in Tokyo, Los Angeles, and London. A live concert CD version was released in 1999 followed by a studio version in 2000.

2001–2016: Later years

In 2001, Tomita collaborated with The Walt Disney Company to compose the background atmosphere music for the AquaSphere entrance at the Tokyo DisneySea theme park outside Tokyo. Tomita followed this with a synthesizer score featuring acoustic soloists for the 2002 film The Twilight Samurai (たそがれ清兵衛, Tasogare Seibei), which won the 2003 Japanese Academy Award for Outstanding Achievement in Music.

The advent of the DVD-Audio format allowed Tomita to further pursue his interests in multichannel audio with reworked releases of The Tale of Genji Symphonic Fantasy and The Tomita Planets 2003. He also performed a version of Claude Debussy's "Clair de lune" for the soundtrack of Ocean's 13 in 2007.

In 2012 Tomita performed "Symphony Ihatov" in Tokyo, directing the Japan Philharmonic, an accompanying choir, and featuring cyber-celebrity/diva, Hatsune Miku, a digital avatar created by the Japanese company Crypton Future Media.[16]

In 2015, a number of tracks from Snowflakes are Dancing were featured on the soundtrack to Heaven Knows What, an American film directed by the Safdie brothers. The same year, in recognition of his long career and global influence on electronic music, Tomita won the Japan Foundation Award, an award launched "to honor individuals or organizations who have made a significant contribution to promoting understanding and friendship between Japan and the rest of the world through academic, artistic and other cultural pursuits".[17]

Death

After having heart disease for many years, Tomita died of heart failure in Tokyo on 5 May 2016.

Legacy

Tomita is considered to be a pioneer in electronic music, but his influence spread beyond the genre both in Japan and overseas.[18][19] In 1984, Stevie Wonder cited Tomita as one of the artists he respected most and a major influence exploring Romantic composers like Mussorgsky and Debussy.[20] In 1987, Michael Jackson toured Tomita's home studio.[21]

Tomita's music was featured during the Opening and Closing ceremonies of the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. "Rise of the Planet 9" from Dr. Copellius composed by Tomita was played during the cauldron lighting in the Opening Ceremony, while the Debussy piece “Moonlight” arranged by Tomita was played during the extinguishing of the torch in the closing ceremony.

Discography

Studio albums

  • Switched on Rock (1972) (as Electric Samurai)
  • Snowflakes Are Dancing (1974) US #57 Can #57
  • Pictures at an Exhibition (1975) US #49 Can #55
  • Firebird (1976) US #71 Can #88
  • Holst: The Planets (1976) US #67
  • The Bermuda Triangle (1978) US #152
  • Kosmos (1978) US #115
  • Daphnis et Chloé, also known as Bolero and The Ravel Album (1979) [22] US #174
  • Grand Canyon (1982)
  • Dawn Chorus (1984)
  • Misty Kid of Wind (1989)
  • Storm from the East (1992)
  • Shin Nihon Kikou (1994)
  • Nasca Fantasy (1994) (supporting Kodō)
  • Bach Fantasy (1996)
  • 21 seiki e no densetsushi Shigeo Nagashima (2000)
  • The Planets 2003 (2003)
  • Planet Zero (2011)
  • Symphony Ihatov (2013)
  • Space Fantasy (2015)

Live albums

  • The Mind of the Universe - Live at Linz (1985)
  • Back to the Earth - Live in New York (1988)
  • Hansel und Gretel (1993)
  • The Tale of Genji (1999)

Compilation albums

  • Sound Creature (1977)
  • Greatest Hits (1979)
  • A Voyage Through His Greatest Hits, Vol. 2 (1981) [23]
  • Best of Tomita (1984)
  • Space Walk - Impressions of an Astronaut (1984) RCA Records, USA
  • Tomita on NHK (2003)
  • Tomita Different Dimensions (1997)

Soundtracks

See also

References

  1. ^ Kikuchi, Daisuke (8 May 2016). "Isao Tomita, Japanese pioneer of synthesizer music, dies at 84". The Japan Times. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
  2. ^ Kaye, Ben (9 May 2016). "R.I.P. Isao Tomita, Japanese pioneer of electronic music, has died at age 84". Consequence of Sound. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Jenkins, Mark (2007). Analog synthesizers: from the legacy of Moog to software synthesis. Elsevier. pp. 133–134. ISBN 978-0-240-52072-8. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  4. ^ Vishnevetsky, Ignatiy (9 May 2016). "R.I.P. Isao Tomita, electronic music pioneer". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  5. ^ a b c d "Isao Tomita". Billboard. Archived from the original on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  6. ^ Holmes, Thom (2008). "Live Electronic Music and Ambient Music". Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-415-95781-6. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  7. ^ a b c Tomita at AllMusic. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  8. ^ "Snowflakes Are Dancing". Billboard. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  9. ^ Holmes, Thom (2008). Electronic and experimental music: technology, music, and culture (3rd ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-415-95781-6. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  10. ^ Clements, Jonathan; McCarthy, Helen (2006). The Anime Encyclopedia, Revised & Expanded Edition: A Guide to Japanese Animation Since 1917. Berkeley, California: Stone Bridge Press. p. 253. ISBN 978-1-933330-10-5.
  11. ^ "Tomita". Musician, Player and Listener. No. 8. Amordian Press. 1977. p. 40. Retrieved 28 May 2011.
  12. ^ Jenkins, Mark (2007). Analog synthesizers: from the legacy of Moog to software synthesis. Elsevier. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-240-52072-8. Retrieved 27 May 2011.
  13. ^ "Intro for Planeta Imaginario". YouTube. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021.
  14. ^ "Feedback". New Scientist (2194). July 1999. Retrieved 6 March 2022. In 1977 Tomita recorded an electronic version of The Planets, which shot to number one in the US classical music charts. But Holst's estate in Britain hated the idea of this electronic tampering, and won a court injunction banning release in Britain. Holst died in 1934, so his music all went out of copyright in 1984. But in 1995 a new law from Brussels extended European copyrights by 20 years, apparently putting The Planets back under cover until 2004. But lawyers then found a loophole in the new law. It made no provision for extending injunctions as well as copyright. Imogen Holst, who fought for the original injunction, has died. So Tomita is now free to do whatever he likes with Gustav's music. Rock on, Tomita.
  15. ^ "Tomita: Kosmos". isaotomita.net. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
  16. ^ Fox, Margalit (11 May 2016). "Isao Tomita Dies at 84; Combined Electronic and Classical Music". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 May 2018.
  17. ^ Kikuchi, Daisuke (10 January 2016). "Isao Tomita's journey from snowflakes to holograms". The Japan Times. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  18. ^ "Isao Tomita Japanese Pioneer of Synthesizer Music dies at age 84". The Japan Times. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  19. ^ "Japanese synth pioneer Isao Tomita pushed electronic music to new heights". Nikkei Asia Review. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  20. ^ "The Pop Life". The New York Times. 7 November 1984. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
  21. ^ "The Japanese godfather of synthesizers who influenced Stevie Wonder has died". LA Times. 8 May 2016.
  22. ^ "Tomita - The Ravel Album (Vinyl, LP, Album)". Discogs.com. Retrieved 5 June 2016.
  23. ^ Tomita, Isao (1981). "A Voyage Through His Greatest Hits, Vol. 2". Internet Archive. Retrieved 10 January 2019.
  24. ^ "冨田 勲 手塚治虫作品 音楽選集". Nippon Columbia (in Japanese). Retrieved 13 January 2019.
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