Hosea 6: Difference between revisions
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:''After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|6:2|KJV}} KJV</ref> |
:''After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.''<ref>{{bibleverse|Hosea|6:2|KJV}} KJV</ref> |
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*"After two days... on the third day": can be rendered as 'after a short while' (cf. ''etmol silsom''), 'formerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}} |
*"After two days... on the third day": can be rendered as 'after a short while' (cf. ''etmol silsom''), 'formerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'.{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}} |
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This section, which continues to 7:16, contains some oracles about |
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Israel's political and religious corruption, because Israel failed to live according to YHWH's demand for steadfast love and knowledge of Him (verses 4-6). Israel corrupt deeds (verses 7—10) prevent [[YHWH]] to restore the nation (verses 6:11b–7:2).{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}} |
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===Verse 6=== |
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ormerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'. |
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Hosea's famous words in 6:6 elevate the importance of right moral behaviour above ritual. As in similar passages in other prophets (Isaiah 1:10-17; Jeremiah 7:21–23; Micah 6:6-8), it is probably not sacrifice per se that is rejected, but hollow and meaningless worship (and syncretistic worship in Hosea's case). 'Not this but that' can mean, 'That is more important than this'{{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}} |
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| ⚫ | |||
section contains loosely connected oracles mostly concerned |
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with Israel's political, but also religious, corruption. 6:4-6 |
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enunciates Israel's failure to live up to YHWH's demand for |
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steadfast love and knowledge of God; 6:7—10 recalls crimes |
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perhaps associated with Pekah's rebellion; 6:na is a Judean |
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gloss, applying YHWH's judgement to the southern kingdom; |
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6:11/7-7:2 explains how Israel's corrupt deeds prevent YHWH |
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from restoring her; 7:3—7 describes vividly the court intrigues |
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leading to the overthrow of a king; 7:8—12 rejects foreign |
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alliances; finally, 7:13-16 condemns religious apostasy. |
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The statement at 6:4-6 has often been thought to be |
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YHWH's response to Israel's insincere repentance in 6:1—3, |
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but, as noted, it is not insincere, but contains Hosea's own |
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exhortation to repentance. Rather, 6:4-6 reflects Hosea's re�sponse to the people's current plight prior to any possible |
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repentance such as that depicted in 6:1—3. Hosea's famous |
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words in 6:6 elevate the importance of right moral behaviour |
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above ritual. As in similar passages in other prophets (Isa |
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1:10-17; Jer |
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7:2I~3; Mic 6:6-8), it is probably not sacrifice per |
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se that is rejected, but hollow and meaningless worship (and |
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syncretistic worship in Hosea's case). 'Not this but that' can |
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mean, 'That is more important than this'. Obscure allusions |
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to crimes at various locations are contained in 6:7-10. Gilead |
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(v. 8) was in Transjordan and Adam (v. 7, read with NRSV 'at |
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Adam', not 'like Adam') was a town in the Jordan valley in the |
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region of Gilead. Since Pekah's rebellion in £.735 started in |
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Gilead (2 Kings 15:25), we may have allusions to it here. v. j's |
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words, 'But at Adam they transgressed the covenant' are sig�nificant, since, together with 8:1, we have here the only explicit |
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reference to YHWH's covenant with Israel in any of the |
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eighth-century prophets. It has sometimes been supposed |
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that the covenant referred to here is rather a political treaty, |
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but against this note that elsewhere 'transgress a (political) |
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treaty' is heperu berit, not 'aberu berit as here. (See Day 1986.) |
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v. ua is an anti-Judean gloss. Other glosses also contain 'also' |
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(cf. 4:5 and 5:5) and its lame brevity challenges its genuine�575 HOSEA |
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ness. The words reapply Hosea's message to Judah at a later |
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date. 'Harvest' is an image for judgement. In 6:11/7—7:2 |
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YHWH states his willingness to restore the fortunes of Israel, |
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but cannot because of their wickedness. Samaria (7:1), first |
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mentioned here in Hosea, was the capital of the northern |
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kingdom since the ninth-century King Omri (it has been |
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excavated); sometimes it stands for the remaining rump |
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northern kingdom (cf. 10:5). |
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The treachery involved in {{sfn|Day|2007|p=575}} |
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Revision as of 17:07, 13 May 2022
| Hosea 6 | |
|---|---|
 4Q166 "The Hosea Commentary Scroll", late first century B.C. | |
| Book | Book of Hosea |
| Category | Nevi'im |
| Christian Bible part | Old Testament |
| Order in the Christian part | 28 |
Hosea 6 is the sixth chapter of the Book of Hosea in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.[1][2] This chapter contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Hosea son of Beeri, about an exhortation to repentance (Hosea 6:1-3) and a complaint against Israel and Judah for persisting still in their wickedness (Hosea 6:4-11).[3] It is a part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.[4][5]
Text
The original text was written in Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 11 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).[6] Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, including 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 25 BCE) with extant verse 3–4, 8–11.[7][8][9][10]
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).[11][a]
==Israel's Sickness unto Death and Hosea's Exhortation to Repentance This section continues the passage starting in Hosea 5:8, which concerns the time of the Syro-Ephraimite war (735-733 BCE) and its aftermath (733-731 BCE).[13] Whereas in 5:8—15 Hosea states divine judgment on both Judah and Israel in their internecine strife, that YHWH will send sickness and death, in 6:1-3 he proclaims the hope of revival if the people are willing accept his exhortation to repent.[13]
Verse 1
- Come, and let us return unto the Lord:
- for he hath torn, and he will heal us;
- he hath smitten, and he will bind us up.[14]
- for he hath torn, and he will heal us;
- "Come and let us return unto the Lord": These words should come out of the people's mouth exhorting one another to return to God, instead of going to others, such as to Assyria, because only God who "tore" has the power and the will to "heal" them, and He tore, "in order to" heal them, smote them, "in order to" bind them up, literally, "smite He and He will bind us up."[15][16]
- "Let us return": so that God who has "returned to His place" "may return to" His people.(Hosea 5:15)[3]
- "He will bind us up": only God can heal and cure Israel (Deuteronomy 32:39; and has been doing that for many hundred years, to "bind up the breach of his people, and heal the stroke of their wound (Isaiah 30:26, when they are truly converted by him.[17]
Verse 2
- After two days will he revive us: in the third day he will raise us up, and we shall live in his sight.[18]
- "After two days... on the third day": can be rendered as 'after a short while' (cf. etmol silsom), 'formerly', literally, 'yesterday, the third day'.[19]
Israel's Corruption, Political and Religious (6:4–11)
This section, which continues to 7:16, contains some oracles about Israel's political and religious corruption, because Israel failed to live according to YHWH's demand for steadfast love and knowledge of Him (verses 4-6). Israel corrupt deeds (verses 7—10) prevent YHWH to restore the nation (verses 6:11b–7:2).[19]
See also
Notes
- ^ Book of Hosea is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.[12]
References
- ^ Halley, Henry H. Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary. 24th edition. Zondervan Publishing House. 1965. p. 355
- ^ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
- ^ a b Robert Jamieson, Andrew Robert Fausset; David Brown. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. 1871.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Metzger, Bruce M., et al. The Oxford Companion to the Bible. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
- ^ Keck, Leander E. 1996. The New Interpreter's Bible: Volume: VII. Nashville: Abingdon.
- ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
- ^ Ulrich 2010, p. 593.
- ^ Dead sea scrolls - Hosea
- ^ Fitzmyer 2008, p. 39.
- ^ 4Q82 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
- ^ Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
- ^ Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
- ^ a b Day 2007, p. 574.
- ^ Hosea 6:1 KJV
- ^ Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Joseph S. Exell; Henry Donald Maurice Spence-Jones (Editors). The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ John Gill. John Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. Published in 1746-1763. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Hosea 6:2 KJV
- ^ a b Day 2007, p. 575.
Sources
- Collins, John J. (2014). Introduction to the Hebrew Scriptures. Fortress Press. ISBN 9781451469233.
- Day, John (2007). "27. Hosea". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 571–578. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- Fitzmyer, Joseph A. (2008). A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. ISBN 9780802862419.
- Hayes, Christine (2015). Introduction to the Bible. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300188271.
- Ulrich, Eugene, ed. (2010). The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants. Brill.
- Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.