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{{Infobox royalty
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{{Short description|4th century Ruler of Mecca and Leader of Quraysh Tribe}}
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| name = Qusayy ibn Kilab<br/>قصي ٱبن كلاب
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
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| title =
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{{Infobox officeholder
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| image =
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| name = Qusayy ibn Kilab<br/>{{lang|ar|قصي ٱبن كلاب}}
| image =
| caption =
| succession = [[Qaid|1st Qaid of Mecca]]
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| alt =
| caption =
| moretext =
| birth_name = Zayd ibn Kilab
| reign = Early 5th century – 480
| reign-type = Rule
| native_name = {{lang|ar|زيد ٱبن كلاب}}
| native_name_lang = [[Arabic]]
| cor-type =
| predecessor = ''Position established''
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| birth_date = 400
| birth_place =
| pre-type =
| death_date = 480
| successor = [[Al-Mughira ibn Qusayy]]
| death_place =
| suc-type = Successor
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| birth_date = {{circa|400}}
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| office1 = 1st King of [[Quraysh]]
| birth_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]
| predecessor1 =
| death_date = {{circa|480}}
| successor1 = [[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai]]
| death_place = [[Mecca]], [[Hejaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula|Arabia]]
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| nationality =
| other_names =
| burial_date =
| occupation =
| burial_place =
| known_for = [[Family tree of Muhammad|Ancestor]] of [[Muhammad]], King of Makkah
| spouse = [[Hubba bint Hulail|Hubba bint Hulayl]]
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| issue = [[Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai|Abd al-Dar]]<br>[[Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai|Abd al-Uzza]]<br>[[Al-Mughira ibn Qusayy|Al-Mughira]]
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| spouse = [[Hubba bint Hulail]]
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| house = [[Quraysh]]
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| children = [[Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai]] (son)<br/>[[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai]] (son)<br/>[[Abd-al-Uzza ibn Qusai]]
| house-type = Tribe
| parents = [[Kilab ibn Murrah]] (father)<br/>[[Fatimah bint Sa'd]] (mother)
| relatives = [[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]] (brother)
| father = [[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab ibn Murra]] (father)
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| mother = [[Fatimah bint Sa'd]]
}}
}}
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{{Short description|5th century ruler of Mecca (died 480)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}'''Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra''' ({{lang-ar|قصي ٱبن كلاب ٱبن مرة|translit=Quṣayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murra}}; {{Circa|400–480}}) was the 5th-century ruler of [[Mecca]], who established the [[Quraysh]] as the dominant power in Mecca. Following his death, a succession crisis arose between his sons [[Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai|Abd al-Dar]] and [[Al-Mughira ibn Qusayy|al-Mughira]].


== Life ==
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'''Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah''' ({{lang-ar|قصي ٱبن كلاب ٱبن مرة}}, ''Qusayy ibn Kilāb ibn Murrah''; ca. 400–480), also spelled '''Qusayy''', '''Kusayy''', '''Kusai''', or '''Cossai''', born '''Zayd''' ({{lang-ar|زيد}}),<ref name="IbnIshaq1">{{cite book|author1=Ibn Ishaq|author-link1=Ibn Ishaq|title=The Life of Muhammad|page=3}}</ref> was an [[Ishmaelites|Ishmaelite]] descendant of the Prophet [[Abraham]], orphaned early on he would rise to become King of Makkah, and leader of the [[Quraysh]] tribe.<ref name="Lings">{{cite book |last=Lings|first=Martin|title=Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources|year=1983|publisher=[[George Allen & Unwin]]|page=6|isbn=0946621330}}</ref> He is best known for being an [[Family tree of Muhammad|ancestor]] of the [[Umayyad Dynasty|Umayyad]], [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]] and other [[Banu Hashim|Hashemite Dynasties]] which included [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] as well as the 3rd and the 4th [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun Caliph]]: [[Uthman]] and [[Ali]], and the later [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]], [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] [[Caliphate|Caliphs]] and [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] along with several of the most prominent dynasties in the orient.<ref name="IbnHisham">{{cite book |last=Ibn Hisham |title=The Life of the Prophet Muhammad |volume=1 |page=181 }}</ref>
⚫
Qusayy was born in [[Mecca]] in {{Circa|400}}. In accounts preserved by [[Ibn Ishaq]] (d. 767), Qusayy's birth name was Zayd.{{Sfn|Guillaume|1955|p=3}} While Qusayy was an infant, his father [[Kilab ibn Murrah|Kilab ibn Murra]] died. According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant of [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrahim]] ([[Abraham]]) through his son [[Ishmael#Islamic view|Isma'il]] ([[Ishmael]]). His elder brother [[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]] was the progenitor of the [[Banu Zuhrah]] clan. After his father's death his mother [[Fatimah bint Sa'd]] ibn Sayl married Rabi'ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him to [[Syria (region)|Syria]], where she gave birth to a son called Darraj.<ref name="ruqaiyyah3">{{cite web |last=Maqsood |first=Ruqaiyyah Waris |url=http://www.ruqaiyyah.karoo.net/articles/prophfamily3.htm |title=The Prophet's Line Family No 3 – Qusayy, Hubbah, and Banu Nadr to Quraysh |publisher=Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah |access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref> His uncle was [[Taym ibn Murrah]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Murrah ibn Ka'b]] ibn [[Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib]] ibn [[Fihr ibn Malik]] ibn [[An-Nadr ibn Kinanah]], who was of the ''Quraysh al-Bitah'' (i.e. Qurayshis living near the [[Kaaba|Ka'bah]] in [[Mecca]].<ref name="ruqaiyyah3"/>


⚫
He was an [[Ishmaelites|Ishmaelite]] descendant of the Prophet [[Abraham]], orphaned early on he would rise to become King of Makkah, and leader of the [[Quraysh]] tribe.<ref name="Lings">{{cite book |last=Lings |first=Martin |title=Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources |publisher=[[George Allen & Unwin]] |year=1983 |isbn=0946621330 |page=6}}</ref> He is best known for being an [[Family tree of Muhammad|ancestor]] of the [[Umayyad Dynasty|Umayyad]], [[Abbasid dynasty|Abbasid]] and other [[Banu Hashim|Hashemite Dynasties]] which included [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic Prophet]] [[Muhammad]] as well as the 3rd and the 4th [[Rashidun Caliphate|Rashidun Caliph]]: [[Uthman]] and [[Ali]], and the later [[Umayyad Caliphate|Umayyad]], [[Abbasid Caliphate|Abbasid]] [[Caliphate|Caliphs]] and [[Fatimid Caliphate|Fatimids]] along with several of the most prominent dynasties in the orient.<ref name="IbnHisham">{{cite book |last=Ibn Hisham |title=The Life of the Prophet Muhammad |volume=1 |page=181}}</ref>
== Background ==
⚫
His father was [[Kilab ibn Murrah]] who died when Qusai was an infant. According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant of [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrahim]] ([[Abraham]]) through his son [[Ishmael#Islamic view|Isma'il]] ([[Ishmael]]). His elder brother [[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]] was the progenitor of the [[Banu Zuhrah]] clan. After his father's death his mother [[Fatimah bint Sa'd]] ibn Sayl married Rabi'ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him to [[Syria (region)|Syria]], where she gave birth to a son called Darraj.<ref name="ruqaiyyah3">{{cite web |last=Maqsood |first=Ruqaiyyah Waris |url=http://www.ruqaiyyah.karoo.net/articles/prophfamily3.htm |title=The Prophet's Line Family No 3 – Qusayy, Hubbah, and Banu Nadr to Quraysh |publisher=Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah |access-date=1 July 2013}}</ref> His uncle was [[Taym ibn Murrah]] [[Patronymic#Arabic|ibn]] [[Murrah ibn Ka'b]] ibn [[Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib]] ibn [[Fihr ibn Malik]] ibn [[An-Nadr ibn Kinanah]], who was of the ''Quraysh al-Bitah'' (i.e. Qurayshis living near the [[Kaaba|Ka'bah]] in [[Mecca]].<ref name="ruqaiyyah3"/>


== Life in Syria ==
== Life in Syria ==
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** [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Umayyad Dynasty of Cordoba]]
** [[Caliphate of Córdoba|Umayyad Dynasty of Cordoba]]

==Family tree==
<br/>
{{chart/start|style=font-size:95%;line-height:100%;|align=center}}
{{chart | KiM |y| FbS | | | | | KiM='''[[Kilab ibn Murrah]]'''|FbS='''[[Fatimah bint Sa'd]]'''}}
{{chart | |,|-|^|-|.}}
{{chart | ZiK | | QiK |y| HbH | ZiK='''[[Zuhrah ibn Kilab]]'''<br /> (progenitor of [[Banu Zuhrah]])<br /> maternal great-great-grandfather|QiK='''Qusai ibn Kilab'''<br /> paternal great-great-great-grandfather|HbH='''[[Hubba bint Hulail]]'''<br /> paternal great-great-great-grandmother}}
{{chart | |!| | | | | |!| }}
{{chart | AMZ | | | | AMQ |y| AbM | AMZ='''`[[Abd Manaf ibn Zuhrah]]'''<br /> maternal great-grandfather|AMQ='''`[[Abd Manaf ibn Qusai]]'''<br /> paternal great-great-grandfather|AbM='''[[Atikah bint Murrah]]'''<br /> paternal great-great-grandmother}}
{{chart | |!| | | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart | WiA | | | | | | HiA |y| SbA | WiA='''[[Wahb ibn `Abd Manaf]]'''<br /> maternal grandfather|HiA='''[[Hashim ibn Abd Manaf|Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf]]'''<br /> (progenitor of [[Banu Hashim]])<br /> paternal great-grandfather|SbA='''[[Salma bint Amr|Salma bint `Amr]]'''<br/> paternal great-grandmother}}
{{chart | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart | |!| | | FbA |y|~|~| AuM |~|~|~|~|y| HbW | FbA='''[[Fatimah bint Amr|Fatimah bint `Amr]]'''<br /> paternal grandmother|AuM='''`[[Abdul-Muttalib]]'''<br /> paternal grandfather|HbW=[[Halah bint Wuhayb]]<br /> paternal step-grandmother}}
{{chart | |!| | | |,|-|+|-|.| |)|-|.| | | |!| }}
{{chart | Ami |y| AiA |!| AZi |!| Har | | Ham | | Ami='''[[Aminah]]'''<br /> mother|AiA='''[[Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib|`Abdullah]]'''<br /> father|AZi=[[Az-Zubayr ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|Az-Zubayr]]<br /> paternal uncle|Har=[[Harith ibn Abdul-Muṭṭalib|Harith]]<br /> paternal half-uncle|Ham=[[Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib|Hamza]]<br /> paternal half-uncle}}
{{chart | | | |!| | | |`|-|.| |`|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart | Thu |!| Hal | | ATi | | AAi | | ALa | | oth | Thu=[[Thuwaybah]]<br /> first nurse|Hal=[[Halimah bint Abi Dhuayb|Halimah]]<br /> second nurse|ATi=[[Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|Abu Talib]]<br /> paternal uncle|AAi=[[Al-‘Abbas ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib|`Abbas]]<br /> paternal half-uncle|ALa=[[Abū Lahab|Abu Lahab]]<br /> paternal half-uncle|oth=''6 other sons<br/>and 6 daughters''}}
{{chart | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | |!}}
{{chart |F|~| Muh |y| KbK |!| | | AAA | Muh='''Muhammad'''|KbK=[[Khadija bint Khuwaylid|Khadija]]<br /> first wife|AAA=[[Abd Allah ibn Abbas|`Abd Allah ibn `Abbas]]<br /> paternal cousin}}
{{chart |:| | | | |)|.| | |!| | | |,|-|-|v|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart |:|,|-| Fat |t|~| Ali | | |!| | QiM | | AiM | Fat='''[[Fatimah]]'''<br /> daughter|Ali=[[Ali]]<br /> paternal cousin and son-in-law <br />[[Family tree of Ali|family tree]], [[Descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib|descendants]]|QiM='''[[Qasim ibn Muhammad|Qasim]]'''<br /> son|AiM='''[[Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad|`Abd-Allah]]'''<br /> son}}
{{chart |:|!| | | | |)|-|-|-|v|-|-|^|-|-|-|-|.}}
{{chart |:|!| | | | ZbM | | RbM |y| UbA |~| UKM | | ZiH | ZbM='''[[Zainab bint Muhammad|Zainab]]'''<br /> daughter|RbM='''[[Ruqayyah bint Muhammad|Ruqayyah]]'''<br /> daughter|UbA=[[Uthman ibn Affan|Uthman]]<br /> second cousin and son-in-law<br/>[[Family tree of Uthman|family tree]]|UKM='''[[Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad|Umm Kulthum]]'''<br /> daughter|ZiH=[[Zayd ibn Harithah|Zayd]]<br /> adopted son}}
{{chart |:|!| | |,|-|^|-|.| | | |!| | | | | | | | | |!| }}
{{chart |:|!| | AiZ | | UbZ | | AAU | | | | RbZ |7| UiZ | AiZ='''[[Ali ibn Zainab]]'''<br /> grandson|UbZ='''[[Umamah bint Zainab]]'''<br /> granddaughter|AAU='''`[[Abd-Allah ibn Uthman]]'''<br /> grandson|RbZ=[[Rayhana bint Zayd]]<br /> wife|UiZ=[[Usama ibn Zayd]]<br /> adoptive grandson}}
{{chart |:|`|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|v|-|-|-|.| |:| |}}
{{chart |:| MiA | | Has | | Hus | | UKA | | ZbA |D| SbH | MiA='''[[Muhsin ibn Ali]]'''<br /> grandson|Has='''[[Hasan ibn Ali]]'''<br /> grandson|Hus='''[[Husayn ibn Ali]]'''<br /> grandson<br/>[[Family tree of Husayn ibn Ali|family tree]]|UKA='''[[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]'''<br /> granddaughter|ZbA='''[[Zaynab bint Ali]]'''<br /> granddaughter|SbH=[[Safiyya bint Huyayy|Safiyya]]<br /> tenth wife}}
{{chart |D|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|V|~|~|~|C| |}}
{{chart |:| AbB |D| SbZ |:| Uma |D| USa |D| JbH |D| MbH | AbB=[[Abu Bakr]] <br /> father-in-law<br />[[Family tree of Abu Bakr|family tree]]|SbZ=[[Sawda bint Zamʿa|Sawda]]<br /> second wife| Uma=[[Umar]]<br /> father-in-law<br/>[[Family tree of Umar|family tree]]|USa=[[Umm Salama]]<br /> sixth wife|JbH=[[Juwayriyya bint al-Harith|Juwayriya]]<br /> eighth wife|MbH=[[Maymuna bint al-Harith|Maymuna]]<br /> eleventh wife}}
{{chart |:| |!| |:| | | |:| |!| |:| | | |:| | | |:| |}}
{{chart |L| Ais |L| ZbK |L| HbU |L| ZbJ |L| RbA |L| MaQ | Ais=[[Aisha]]<br /> third wife<br />[[Family tree of Abu Bakr|Family tree]]|ZbK=[[Zaynab bint Khuzayma|Zaynab]]<br /> fifth wife|HbU=[[Hafsa bint Umar|Hafsa]]<br /> fourth wife|ZbJ=[[Zaynab bint Jahsh|Zaynab]]<br /> seventh wife|RbA=[[Ramla bint Abi Sufyan|Umm Habiba]]<br /> ninth wife|MaQ=[[Maria al-Qibtiyya]]<br /> twelfth wife}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |!|}}
{{chart | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | IiM |IiM='''[[Ibrahim ibn Muhammad|Ibrahim]]'''<br /> son}}
{{chart/end}}
* * indicates that the marriage order is disputed
* Note that direct lineage is marked in '''bold'''.


== See also ==
== See also ==
Line 139: Line 106:
== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{cite book |last=Guillaume |first=Alferd |url=https://archive.org/details/GuillaumeATheLifeOfMuhammad |title=The Life Of Muhammad : A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1955 |isbn=0-19-636033-1 |author-link=Alfred Guillaume}}


== External links ==
== External links ==

Revision as of 16:56, 23 May 2022

Qusayy ibn Kilab
قصي ٱبن كلاب
1st Qaid of Mecca
RuleEarly 5th century – 480
PredecessorPosition established
SuccessorAl-Mughira ibn Qusayy
Bornc. 400
Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Diedc. 480
Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
SpouseHubba bint Hulayl
IssueAbd al-Dar
Abd al-Uzza
Al-Mughira
TribeQuraysh
FatherKilab ibn Murra (father)
MotherFatimah bint Sa'd

Qusayy ibn Kilab ibn Murra (Template:Lang-ar; c. 400–480) was the 5th-century ruler of Mecca, who established the Quraysh as the dominant power in Mecca. Following his death, a succession crisis arose between his sons Abd al-Dar and al-Mughira.

Life

Qusayy was born in Mecca in c. 400. In accounts preserved by Ibn Ishaq (d. 767), Qusayy's birth name was Zayd.[1] While Qusayy was an infant, his father Kilab ibn Murra died. According to Islamic tradition, he was a descendant of Ibrahim (Abraham) through his son Isma'il (Ishmael). His elder brother Zuhrah ibn Kilab was the progenitor of the Banu Zuhrah clan. After his father's death his mother Fatimah bint Sa'd ibn Sayl married Rabi'ah ibn Haram from the Bani Azra tribe, who took her with him to Syria, where she gave birth to a son called Darraj.[2] His uncle was Taym ibn Murrah ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Malik ibn An-Nadr ibn Kinanah, who was of the Quraysh al-Bitah (i.e. Qurayshis living near the Ka'bah in Mecca.[2]

He was an Ishmaelite descendant of the Prophet Abraham, orphaned early on he would rise to become King of Makkah, and leader of the Quraysh tribe.[3] He is best known for being an ancestor of the Umayyad, Abbasid and other Hashemite Dynasties which included Islamic Prophet Muhammad as well as the 3rd and the 4th Rashidun Caliph: Uthman and Ali, and the later Umayyad, Abbasid Caliphs and Fatimids along with several of the most prominent dynasties in the orient.[4]

Life in Syria

Qusai grew up treating his step-father, Rabi'ah, as his father. When a quarrel broke out between Qusai and some members of the tribe of Rabi'ah, they reproached him and betrayed the fact that they never regarded him as one of their own. Qusai complained to his mother, who replied "O my son," she said, "your descent is nobler than theirs, you are the son of Kilab ibn Murrah, and your people live in the proximity of the Holy House in Mecca." Because of this, Qusai departed from Syria and returned to Mecca.[2]

Life in Mecca

When Qusai came of age, Hulail ibn Hubshiyyah the chief of Banu Khuza'a tribe was the trustee and guardian of the Ka'bah. Soon Qusai asked for and married Hulail's daughter Hubbah. When his father-in-law died after a battle which ended in arbitration, he committed the keys of the Kaaba to Hubbah. Hulail preferred Qusai as his successor from his own sons and according to Hulail's will, Qusai got the trusteeship of the Kaaba after him.

Qusai brought his nearest of kin of Quraysh, and settled them in the Meccan valley besides the Sanctuary – his brother Zuhrah, his uncle Taym ibn Murrah, the son of another uncle Makhzum ibn Yaqaza, and his other cousins Jumah and Sahm, who were less close.[5] These and their posterity were known as Quraysh al-Biṭāḥ ("Quraysh of the Hollow"), whereas his more remote kinsmen settled in the ravines of the surrounding hills and in the countryside beyond and were known as Quraysh aẓ-Ẓawāhir ("Quraysh of the Outskirts").[3]

Qusai ruled as a King. He reconstructed the Kaaba from a state of decay, and made the Arab people build their houses around it. He is known to have built the first "town hall" in the Arabian Peninsula, a spacious dwelling which was known as the House of Assembly. Leaders of different clans met in this hall to discuss their social, commercial, cultural and political problems. Qusai created laws so that pilgrims who went to Mecca were supplied with food and water, which was paid for by a tax that the people paid. He distributed the responsibilities of looking after the visitors during pilgrimage, taking care of the Kaaba, warfare, and pacifying amongst myriad tribes living in Mecca.[3]

Sons

Qusai had many sons, some of them being Abd, Abd-al-Dar, Abd Manaf and Abd-al-Uzza.[3] It was a marked characteristic of Qusai's line that in each generation there would be one man who was altogether pre-eminent. Among his four sons, Abd Manaf was already honoured in his lifetime. However Qusai preferred his first born, Abd-al-Dar, although he was the least capable of all so he singled out Abd Manaf his second son for his honor and prestige. Shortly before Qusai's death he invested all his rights, powers, and transferred the ownership of the House of Assembly to Abd Manaf.

Descendants

The following Royal and Imperial dynasties claim descent from Qusai:

Europe

Arabia

Africa

Indo-Persia:

East Asia


Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) was the second of the three major Arab Caliphates established after the end of Rashidun Caliphate (632–661)

Arabic Europe

See also

References

  1. ^ Guillaume 1955, p. 3.
  2. ^ a b c Maqsood, Ruqaiyyah Waris. "The Prophet's Line Family No 3 – Qusayy, Hubbah, and Banu Nadr to Quraysh". Ruqaiyyah Waris Maqsood Dawah. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  3. ^ a b c d Lings, Martin (1983). Muhammad: His Life Based on the Earliest Sources. George Allen & Unwin. p. 6. ISBN 0946621330.
  4. ^ Ibn Hisham. The Life of the Prophet Muhammad. Vol. 1. p. 181.
  5. ^ Armstrong, Karen (2001). Muhammad: A Biography of the Prophet. Phoenix. p. 66. ISBN 0946621330.
  6. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  7. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  8. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  9. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  10. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  11. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  12. ^ a b c Andrzejewski, B. W. (April 1962). "A Pastoral Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and Politics among the Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa". International Affairs. 38 (2): 275–275. doi:10.2307/2610467. ISSN 1468-2346.
  13. ^ Morimoto, Kazuo (2010). "The Earliest ʿAlid Genealogy for the Safavids: New Evidence for the Pre-dynastic Claim to Sayyid Status". Iranian Studies. 43 (4): 447–469. doi:10.1080/00210862.2010.495561. JSTOR 23033219. S2CID 161191720.
  14. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 238. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  15. ^ Abul Fazl (2004). The Āʼīn-i Akbarī (2nd ed.). Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693515307.
  16. ^ Khan, Muhammad Najm-ul-Ghani (1918). Akhbar-us-Sanadeed, vol. 1. Lucknow: Munshi Nawal Kishore. pp. 79–83 (85–89).
  17. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  18. ^ Punjab States Gazetteers Bahawalpur State Vol.36 (Volume 36 ed.). 1908. p. 47.
  19. ^ Khan, Shah Nawaz (1952). Maasir al Umara. Calcutta: Calcutta Oriental Press. pp. 259–262.
  20. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.
  21. ^ Vachon, Auguste; Boudreau, Claire; Cogné, Daniel (1998). Genealogica & Heraldica: Ottawa 1996. University of Ottawa Press. p. 233. ISBN 978-0-7766-1600-1.

Bibliography

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