Placerias: Difference between revisions
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Fossils of forty ''Placerias'' were found near [[St. Johns, Apache County, Arizona|St. Johns]], southeast of the [[Petrified Forest National Park|Petrified Forest]] in the [[Chinle Formation]] of [[Arizona]]. This site has become known as the 'Placerias Quarry' and was discovered in 1930, by [[Charles Camp]] and [[Samuel Paul Welles|Samuel Welles]], of the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. [[Sedimentary rock|Sedimentological]] features of the site indicate a low-energy depositional environment, possibly flood-plain or [[overbank]]. Bones are associated mostly with [[mudstone]]s and a layer that contains numerous carbonate nodules. It is also known from the [[Pekin Formation]] of [[North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=155546|title=Fossilworks: Placerias hesternus|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> |
Fossils of forty ''Placerias'' were found near [[St. Johns, Apache County, Arizona|St. Johns]], southeast of the [[Petrified Forest National Park|Petrified Forest]] in the [[Chinle Formation]] of [[Arizona]]. This site has become known as the 'Placerias Quarry' and was discovered in 1930, by [[Charles Camp]] and [[Samuel Paul Welles|Samuel Welles]], of the [[University of California, Berkeley]]. [[Sedimentary rock|Sedimentological]] features of the site indicate a low-energy depositional environment, possibly flood-plain or [[overbank]]. Bones are associated mostly with [[mudstone]]s and a layer that contains numerous carbonate nodules. It is also known from the [[Pekin Formation]] of [[North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=155546|title=Fossilworks: Placerias hesternus|website=fossilworks.org|access-date=17 December 2021}}</ref> |
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''Placerias'' was originally considered the last of the Dicynodonts until fossil finds from Queensland were reported in 2003 to have revealed that the Dicynodonts survived until the Early Cretaceous.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Thulborn |first1=T. |last2= Turner |first2= S. |date=2003 |title=The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relic |journal= Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B |volume=270 |issue=1518 |pages= 985–993 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2002.2296 |pmid=12803915 |pmc=1691326}}</ref> Agnolin ''et al.'' (2010) called for a reconsideration of that Australian specimen, noting its similarity to [[Baurusuchidae|baurusuchian]] crocodyliforms such as ''[[Baurusuchus|Baurusuchus pachecoi]]''.<ref name=agnolinetal2010>{{cite journal |last=Agnolin |first=F. L. |author2=Ezcurra, M. D. |author3=Pais, D. F. |author4= Salisbury, S. W. |year=2010 |title=A reappraisal of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur faunas from Australia and New Zealand: Evidence for their Gondwanan affinities |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=257–300 |doi=10.1080/14772011003594870|s2cid=130568551 }}</ref> The Cretaceous dicynodont specimen was eventually discovered to belong to a specimen of ''[[Diprotodon]]'' instead.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Knutsen |first1=Espen M. |last2=Oerlemans |first2=Emma |title=The last dicynodont? Re-assessing the taxonomic and temporal relationships of a contentious Australian fossil |journal=Gondwana Research |date=January 2020 |volume=77 |pages=184–203 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.011 |bibcode=2020GondR..77..184K }}</ref> |
''Placerias'' was originally considered the last of the Dicynodonts until fossil finds from Queensland were reported in 2003 to have revealed that the Dicynodonts survived until the Early Cretaceous.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Thulborn |first1=T. |last2= Turner |first2= S. |date=2003 |title=The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relic |journal= Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B |volume=270 |issue=1518 |pages= 985–993 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2002.2296 |pmid=12803915 |pmc=1691326}}</ref> Agnolin ''et al.'' (2010) called for a reconsideration of that Australian specimen, noting its similarity to [[Baurusuchidae|baurusuchian]] crocodyliforms such as ''[[Baurusuchus|Baurusuchus pachecoi]]''.<ref name=agnolinetal2010>{{cite journal |last=Agnolin |first=F. L. |author2=Ezcurra, M. D. |author3=Pais, D. F. |author4= Salisbury, S. W. |year=2010 |title=A reappraisal of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur faunas from Australia and New Zealand: Evidence for their Gondwanan affinities |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=257–300 |doi=10.1080/14772011003594870|s2cid=130568551 }}</ref> The Cretaceous dicynodont specimen was eventually discovered to belong to a specimen of ''[[Diprotodon]]'' instead.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Knutsen |first1=Espen M. |last2=Oerlemans |first2=Emma |title=The last dicynodont? Re-assessing the taxonomic and temporal relationships of a contentious Australian fossil |journal=Gondwana Research |date=January 2020 |volume=77 |pages=184–203 |doi=10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.011 |bibcode=2020GondR..77..184K }}</ref> Another dicynodont ([[Lisowicia]]) have also survived into the Rhaetian |
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== See also == |
== See also == |
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Revision as of 18:14, 6 June 2022
| Placerias | |
|---|---|
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| Skeleton | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Synapsida |
| Clade: | Therapsida |
| Suborder: | †Anomodontia |
| Clade: | †Dicynodontia |
| Family: | †Stahleckeriidae |
| Subfamily: | †Placeriinae |
| Genus: | †Placerias Lucas, 1904 |
| Species: | †P. hesternus
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| Binomial name | |
| †Placerias hesternus Lucas, 1904
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Placerias (meaning 'broad body')[1] is an extinct genus of dicynodonts that lived during the late Carnian age and the Early Rhaetian age of the Triassic Period (228–205 million years ago). Placerias belongs to a group of dicynodonts called Kannemeyeriiformes, which was the last known group of dicynodonts before the taxon became extinct at the end of the Triassic.
Description
Placerias was one of the largest herbivores in the Late Triassic, with large skull measuring 68 centimetres (26.8 in) long[2] and weighing up to a tonne (1000 kilograms)[3] with a powerful neck, strong legs, and a barrel-shaped body. There are possible ecological and evolutionary parallels with the modern hippopotamus, spending much of its time during the wet season wallowing in the water, chewing at bankside vegetation. Remaining in the water would also have given Placerias some protection against land-based predators such as Postosuchus. Placerias used its beak to slice through thick branches and roots with two short tusks that could be used for defence and for intra-specific display. Placerias was closely related to Ischigualastia and similar in appearance.
Discovery
Fossils of forty Placerias were found near St. Johns, southeast of the Petrified Forest in the Chinle Formation of Arizona. This site has become known as the 'Placerias Quarry' and was discovered in 1930, by Charles Camp and Samuel Welles, of the University of California, Berkeley. Sedimentological features of the site indicate a low-energy depositional environment, possibly flood-plain or overbank. Bones are associated mostly with mudstones and a layer that contains numerous carbonate nodules. It is also known from the Pekin Formation of North Carolina.[4]
Placerias was originally considered the last of the Dicynodonts until fossil finds from Queensland were reported in 2003 to have revealed that the Dicynodonts survived until the Early Cretaceous.[5] Agnolin et al. (2010) called for a reconsideration of that Australian specimen, noting its similarity to baurusuchian crocodyliforms such as Baurusuchus pachecoi.[6] The Cretaceous dicynodont specimen was eventually discovered to belong to a specimen of Diprotodon instead.[7] Another dicynodont (Lisowicia) have also survived into the Rhaetian
See also
References
- ^ Paleofile. "Page on Placerias". Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ Green, Jeremy; Schneider, Vince; Schweitzer, Mary; Clarke, Julia (2005-09-07). "NEW EVIDENCE FOR NON-PLACERIAS DICYNODONTS IN THE LATE TRIASSIC (CARNIAN-NORIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25: 65A – 66A.
- ^ Fiorillo, Anthony R.; Padian, Kevin; Musikasinthorn, Chayanin (2000). "Taphonomy and Depositional Setting of the Placerias Quarry (Chinle Formation: Late Triassic, Arizona)". PALAIOS. 15 (5): 373–386. doi:10.2307/3515510. ISSN 0883-1351.
- ^ "Fossilworks: Placerias hesternus". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ Thulborn, T.; Turner, S. (2003). "The last dicynodont: an Australian Cretaceous relic". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 270 (1518): 985–993. doi:10.1098/rspb.2002.2296. PMC 1691326. PMID 12803915.
- ^ Agnolin, F. L.; Ezcurra, M. D.; Pais, D. F.; Salisbury, S. W. (2010). "A reappraisal of the Cretaceous non-avian dinosaur faunas from Australia and New Zealand: Evidence for their Gondwanan affinities". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (2): 257–300. doi:10.1080/14772011003594870. S2CID 130568551.
- ^ Knutsen, Espen M.; Oerlemans, Emma (January 2020). "The last dicynodont? Re-assessing the taxonomic and temporal relationships of a contentious Australian fossil". Gondwana Research. 77: 184–203. Bibcode:2020GondR..77..184K. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2019.07.011.
External links
- Walking with Dinosaurs – Fact File: Placerias
- Dinosaur and Paleontology Dictionary: Placerias
- Walking with Dinosaurs website
