Beormingas: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
m v2.04b - Bot T5 CW#16 - Fix errors for CW project (Unicode control characters - Title linked in text) |
Remove original research, restore version of 16:37, 16 April 2022 by BrownHairedGirl |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description| |
{{Short description|Anglo-Saxon tribe}} |
||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}} |
||
{{italic title}} |
|||
{{Infobox country |
|||
The '''''Beormingas''''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|eɪ|.|ɔər|m|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|ə|s}}; from [[Old English language|Old English]]) were a tribe or clan in [[Anglo-Saxon England]], whose territory possibly formed a ''[[regiones|regio]]'' or early administrative subdivision of the [[Kingdom of Mercia]].{{sfn|Gelling|1992|p=140}} The name literally means "Beorma's people" in [[Old English]],{{sfn|Bassett|2000|p=23}} and [[Beorma]] is likely to have been either the leader of the group during its settlement in Britain or a real or legendary tribal ancestor. The name of the tribe is recorded in the place name [[Birmingham]], which means "home of the ''Beormingas''".{{sfn|Leather|2001|p=5}} |
|||
| common_name = Beormingas |
|||
| native_name = |
|||
| conventional_long_name = Beormingas |
|||
| capital = [[Birmingham]] |
|||
| area = |
|||
| government_type = [[Tribal chief|Tribal Kingdom]]<br>[[Bookland (law)|Folkland]] |
|||
| title_leader = |
|||
| leader1 = |
|||
| year_leader1 = |
|||
| leader2 = |
|||
| year_leader2 = |
|||
| p1 = Sub Roman Britain |
|||
| flag_p1 = Labarum.svg |
|||
| border_p1 = no |
|||
| s1 = Kingdom of Mercia |
|||
| flag_s1 = Flag of Mercia (2014).svg |
|||
| image_flag = |
|||
| image_map = |
|||
| image_map_caption = |
|||
| religion = [[Celtic paganism]]<br>[[Anglo-Saxon paganism]] |
|||
| common_languages = [[Common Brittonic]] (''Britanni'')<br>[[Old English]] (''Englisc'') |
|||
| year_start = 5th century |
|||
| year_end = 7th century |
|||
}} |
|||
==Etymology== |
|||
| ⚫ | The extent of the territory of the ''Beormingas'' has been reconstructed by identifying linkages between the later medieval [[parish]]es and [[Manorialism|manor]]s that replaced it, suggesting that the ''regio'' would have extended from [[West Bromwich]] in the west to [[Castle Bromwich]] in the east, and from the southern boundaries of [[Sutton Coldfield]] in the north to the northern boundaries of [[Kings Norton]] and [[Northfield, Birmingham|Northfield]] in the south.{{sfn|Leather|2001|pp=7-8}} |
||
The '''Beormingas''' were one of the tribes of [[Anglo-Saxons|Anglo-Saxon Britain]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Gelling|1956|p=14}}</ref> The root ''beorma'' is a noun meaning [[yeast]] or [[leavening agent]].{{efn|The implication is the ''Beormingas'' were known for the brewing of beer. Archaeological and literary evidence supports the mass production of beer for Rome’s legions serving on Hadrian’s Wall. [[Bishop's Storford]] was organized around the brewing of beer in the [[Middle Ages]] The tribe would have been indigenous Britons that amalgamated with invading Angles prior to the formation of the Kingdom of Mercia.}} The suffix ''-ing'' is a [[cognate]] of ''inge,'' an [[ethnonym]] for the [[Ingaevones]].{{efn| A [[Germanic peoples|West Germanic]] cultural group living along the [[North Sea]] coast in the areas of [[Jutland]], [[Holstein]], and [[Frisia]] in [[classical antiquity]].}} <ref name = EPNS>{{cite web| url = https://names.ku.dk/place-names/common_place-name_endings/inge/|title = Settlement names in -inge|work = Names in Denmark| date=15 July 2011 |publisher = Department of Nordic Research|access-date=17 May 2022.</ref> <ref name = BBAWsynopsis>[http://www.bbaw.de/en/research/dwb Synopsis of the ''Deutsches Wörterbuch''] {{in lang|en}} at the Language Research Centre, Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, retrieved 27 June 2012.</ref> The suffixes ''-ham'' and ''-hamm'' are the Old English words for "enclosure" and "land hemmed by water or marsh or higher ground, or in a riverbend, rivermeadow or promontory". Both appear as ''-ham'' in modern place-names.<ref>Mills, A. D., A Dictionary of English Placenames. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.</ref> Attributions to a personal name ''Beorma''<ref>Room, Adrian: "Dictionary of Place-Names in the British Isles", Bloomsbury, 1988</ref> are examples of non-historical [[Origin myth#Founding_myth|founding myths]].<ref>Brewer's Britain & Ireland: The History, Culture, Folklore and Etymology of 7500 Places in These Islands. Ayto, John; Crofton, Ian. Publisher: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2006</ref> <ref>Ingram, James Henry (1823). The Saxon chronicle, with an English Translation and Notes, Critical and Explanatory. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, Paternoster-Row.</ref> |
|||
==History== |
|||
| ⚫ | |||
''Regiones'' in the West Midlands were often served during the early Anglo-Saxon period by a [[Minster (church)|minster]], whose [[minster parish]] coincided with the tribal land-unit.{{sfn|Bassett|2000|pp=13-14}} Two such minsters have been identified in the ''Beormingas''' area: one at [[Harborne]] with a minster parish that included [[Edgbaston]], [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[West Bromwich]], [[Great Barr]], [[Selly Oak]] and probably Birmingham itself;{{sfn|Bassett|2000|pp=17-19}} and one at [[Aston]] with a minster parish that included [[Erdington]], [[Castle Bromwich]], [[Deritend]], [[Water Orton]] and [[Yardley, Birmingham|Yardley]].{{sfn|Bassett|2000|p=12}} Aston's placename suggests that it may have been established as a sub-minster of Harborne, which would have therefore been the original minster of the ''Beormingas''.{{sfn|Bassett|2000|p=20}} |
''Regiones'' in the West Midlands were often served during the early Anglo-Saxon period by a [[Minster (church)|minster]], whose [[minster parish]] coincided with the tribal land-unit.{{sfn|Bassett|2000|pp=13-14}} Two such minsters have been identified in the ''Beormingas''' area: one at [[Harborne]] with a minster parish that included [[Edgbaston]], [[Handsworth, West Midlands|Handsworth]], [[West Bromwich]], [[Great Barr]], [[Selly Oak]] and probably Birmingham itself;{{sfn|Bassett|2000|pp=17-19}} and one at [[Aston]] with a minster parish that included [[Erdington]], [[Castle Bromwich]], [[Deritend]], [[Water Orton]] and [[Yardley, Birmingham|Yardley]].{{sfn|Bassett|2000|p=12}} Aston's placename suggests that it may have been established as a sub-minster of Harborne, which would have therefore been the original minster of the ''Beormingas''.{{sfn|Bassett|2000|p=20}} |
||
The ''Beormingas'' are likely to have been of [[Angles|Anglian]] origin, and to have formed part of the gradual Anglian settlement of the valley of the [[River Trent]] spreading upstream from the [[Humber Estuary]]. The location of the placename Birmingham suggests that the tribe may have formed part of the [[Tomsaete]] or Tame-dwellers, who are recorded as occupying this area of the valley of the River Tame in later Anglo-Saxon charters and formed one of the core groupings of the Kingdom of Mercia. |
The ''Beormingas'' are likely to have been of [[Angles|Anglian]] origin, and to have formed part of the gradual Anglian settlement of the valley of the [[River Trent]] spreading upstream from the [[Humber Estuary]]. The location of the placename Birmingham suggests that the tribe may have formed part of the [[Tomsaete]] or Tame-dwellers, who are recorded as occupying this area of the valley of the River Tame in later Anglo-Saxon charters and formed one of the core groupings of the Kingdom of Mercia. |
||
==Notes== |
|||
{{notelist}} |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
Revision as of 10:15, 22 June 2022
The Beormingas (/ˈbeɪ.ɔːrmɪŋɡəs/; from Old English) were a tribe or clan in Anglo-Saxon England, whose territory possibly formed a regio or early administrative subdivision of the Kingdom of Mercia.[1] The name literally means "Beorma's people" in Old English,[2] and Beorma is likely to have been either the leader of the group during its settlement in Britain or a real or legendary tribal ancestor. The name of the tribe is recorded in the place name Birmingham, which means "home of the Beormingas".[3]
The extent of the territory of the Beormingas has been reconstructed by identifying linkages between the later medieval parishes and manors that replaced it, suggesting that the regio would have extended from West Bromwich in the west to Castle Bromwich in the east, and from the southern boundaries of Sutton Coldfield in the north to the northern boundaries of Kings Norton and Northfield in the south.[4]
Regiones in the West Midlands were often served during the early Anglo-Saxon period by a minster, whose minster parish coincided with the tribal land-unit.[5] Two such minsters have been identified in the Beormingas' area: one at Harborne with a minster parish that included Edgbaston, Handsworth, West Bromwich, Great Barr, Selly Oak and probably Birmingham itself;[6] and one at Aston with a minster parish that included Erdington, Castle Bromwich, Deritend, Water Orton and Yardley.[7] Aston's placename suggests that it may have been established as a sub-minster of Harborne, which would have therefore been the original minster of the Beormingas.[8]
The Beormingas are likely to have been of Anglian origin, and to have formed part of the gradual Anglian settlement of the valley of the River Trent spreading upstream from the Humber Estuary. The location of the placename Birmingham suggests that the tribe may have formed part of the Tomsaete or Tame-dwellers, who are recorded as occupying this area of the valley of the River Tame in later Anglo-Saxon charters and formed one of the core groupings of the Kingdom of Mercia.
References
- ^ Gelling 1992, p. 140.
- ^ Bassett 2000, p. 23.
- ^ Leather 2001, p. 5.
- ^ Leather 2001, pp. 7–8.
- ^ Bassett 2000, pp. 13–14.
- ^ Bassett 2000, pp. 17–19.
- ^ Bassett 2000, p. 12.
- ^ Bassett 2000, p. 20.
Bibliography
- Bassett, Steven (2000), "Anglo-Saxon Birmingham", Midland History (25), University of Birmingham: 1–27, ISSN 0047-729X
- Gelling, Margaret (1992), The West Midlands in the early Middle Ages, Studies in the early history of Britain, Leicester: Leicester University Press, ISBN 0-7185-1170-0
- Leather, Peter (2001), A Brief History of Birmingham, Studley: Brewin Books, ISBN 1858581877