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Coordinates: 33°05′31″N 69°30′50″E / 33.092°N 69.514°E / 33.092; 69.514
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===Pakistan===
===Pakistan===
The earthquake did not result in widespread damage in Pakistan, however eleven people died and 25 were injured.<ref name="DAMAGE">{{Cite web|title=Risklayer Explorer|url=https://www.risklayer-explorer.com/impact?page=1|website=risklayer.com|access-date=2022-01-12|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118024140/https://www.risklayer-explorer.com/impact?page=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the deaths was a man from [[Lakki Marwat]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], who died when a roof fell on him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A roof collapsed in Lakki Marwat, killing one person|url=https://dailyintekhab.pk/archives/263737|website=dailyintekhab.pk|date=22 June 2022 |language=pk|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115347/https://dailyintekhab.pk/archives/263737|url-status=live}}</ref> Some [[Adobe|mud houses]] were also damaged. In [[Islamabad]] and [[Peshawar]], shaking was felt, causing panic among residents. It was also felt in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masood |first1=Salman |title=Afghanistan Live Updates: At Least 1,000 Killed in Earthquake, Official Media Says: The earthquake was also felt in Pakistan, but damage appeared to be less severe. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/22/world/afghanistan-earthquake/the-earthquake-was-also-felt-in-pakistan-but-damage-appeared-to-be-less-severe?smid=url-share |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 June 2022}}</ref>
The earthquake did not result in widespread damage in Pakistan, however 11 people died and 25 were injured.<ref name="DAMAGE">{{Cite web|title=Risklayer Explorer|url=https://www.risklayer-explorer.com/impact?page=1|website=risklayer.com|access-date=2022-01-12|archive-date=2022-01-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118024140/https://www.risklayer-explorer.com/impact?page=1|url-status=live}}</ref> Among the deaths was a man from [[Lakki Marwat]], [[Khyber Pakhtunkhwa]], who died when a roof fell on him.<ref>{{Cite web|title=A roof collapsed in Lakki Marwat, killing one person|url=https://dailyintekhab.pk/archives/263737|website=dailyintekhab.pk|date=22 June 2022 |language=pk|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=22 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622115347/https://dailyintekhab.pk/archives/263737|url-status=live}}</ref> Some [[Adobe|mud houses]] were also damaged. In [[Islamabad]] and [[Peshawar]], shaking was felt, causing panic among residents. It was also felt in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Masood |first1=Salman |title=Afghanistan Live Updates: At Least 1,000 Killed in Earthquake, Official Media Says: The earthquake was also felt in Pakistan, but damage appeared to be less severe. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/06/22/world/afghanistan-earthquake/the-earthquake-was-also-felt-in-pakistan-but-damage-appeared-to-be-less-severe?smid=url-share |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 June 2022}}</ref>


== Rescue ==
== Rescue ==

Revision as of 01:23, 23 June 2022

June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake is located in Afghanistan
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake is located in Pakistan
June 2022 Afghanistan earthquake
UTC time2022-06-21 21:54:36
ISC event624496986
USGS-ANSSComCat
Local date22 June 2022 (2022-06-22)
Local time02:24 (UTC+4:30)
Magnitude6.2 Mw 
5.9 Mwb
Depth10.0 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter33°05′31″N 69°30′50″E / 33.092°N 69.514°E / 33.092; 69.514
TypeStrike-slip
Max. intensityMMI VII (Very strong)
Casualties1,500 killed, 2,000 injured

An earthquake measuring moment magnitude (Mw ) 6.2 struck the Durand Line between Afghanistan and Pakistan on 22 June 2022 at 02:24 Afghanistan Time (UTC+4:30). According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the earthquake measured Mwb  5.9 and occurred at a depth of ten kilometres (6.2 mi).[1] It was felt over 500 km (310 mi) away by at least 119 million people,[2] in parts of India, in Pakistan's capital Islamabad, eastern Punjab province, and in Iran.[3][4]

At least 1,500 people died and over 2,000 were injured,[5] making it the deadliest earthquake in 2022.[6][7] More than 25 villages were severely affected, with hundreds of buildings destroyed. The earthquake was very destructive relative to its magnitude, due to its shallow epicenter underneath a densely populated area prone to landslides, in which low quality buildings made of wood and mud are not constructed to withstand earthquakes.[6]

Background

More than 7,000 in Afghanistan have died from earthquakes in the past decade, averaging 560 deaths a year.[8] A major earthquake in 2015 in northeast Afghanistan killed over 200 people in the country and neighboring Pakistan.[4] In 2008, a magnitude 6.4 earthquake in western Pakistan killed 166 people and destroyed several villages from triggered landslides.[1] Earlier earthquakes in 2002 and 1998 killed over a thousand and about 4,700 people respectively.[9]

Tectonic setting

Much of Afghanistan is situated in a broad zone of continental deformation within the Eurasian Plate. Seismic activity in Afghanistan is influenced by the subduction of the Arabian Plate to the west and the oblique subduction of the Indian Plate in the east. The subduction rate of the Indian Plate along the continental convergent boundary is estimated to be 39 mm/yr or higher. Transpression due to the plates interacting is associated with high seismicity within the shallow crust. Seismicity is detectable to a depth of 300 km (190 mi) beneath Afghanistan due to plate subduction. The Chaman Fault is a major transform fault associated with large shallow earthquakes that forms the transpressional boundary between the Eurasian and Indian Plates. This zone consists of seismically active thrust and strike-slip faults.[10]

Earthquake

The earthquake was the result of shallow strike-slip faulting. Initially reported as a magnitude 6.1 event by the USGS at the depth of 51 kilometres (32 mi), it was later revised to 5.9 (Mwb ) or 6.0 (Mww ) at 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) depth.[11][1] The USGS said that it occurred along either a northeast-striking left-lateral fault or northwest-striking right-lateral fault.[1] The GEOSCOPE Observatory reported the earthquake at a magnitude of 6.2 Mw  at a depth of 6 km (3.7 mi), [12] and proposed two fault solutions. The first was a south-southwest–north-northeast striking, 70° west–northwest dipping left-lateral fault. A second solution is on a west-northwest–east-southeast trending, near-vertical, right-lateral fault.[12] The European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre (EMSC) reported the magnitude as 5.9 Mw .[13] Meanwhile, the Global Centroid Moment Tensor recorded the event as 6.2 Mw  at 15.1 km (9.4 mi) depth.[14]

Impact

A strong ground motions map by the USGS showing the varying levels of intensities felt across the region relative to the epicenter.

Afghanistan

Officials confirmed that the earthquake resulted in at least 1,500 deaths and 2,000 injuries.[5][6][15][7] It is the deadliest earthquake in Afghanistan in more than 20 years.[16] Poor construction practices and building materials contributed to the high death toll.[16] A USGS seismologist said that the earthquake was destructive due to its shallow depth of focus and epicenter in a densely populated, landslide-risk area where buildings are not designed to withstand ground shaking.[6] The head of a charity organization said that the death toll was expected to rise as the earthquake affected a region far from medical facilities and occurred at night, when most people were sleeping in their homes.[17]

More than 25 villages were nearly decimated. Schools, hospitals, homes and mosques collapsed. At least 381 of the 1,000+ fatalities were from Paktia. However, it is unclear if these figures were confirmed by the government or if there were more unrecorded deaths. In one village, 17 members of a family died when their home collapsed, with only one surviving member. In the Gayan District of Paktika Province, approximately 1,800 homes, or 70 percent of the district's homes, were destroyed.[18] In Khost Province, at least 600 homes were obliterated.[5] The Spera District of Khost experienced the loss of 40 residents, and 95 were injured.[17] The injured individuals were transported to a hospital.[19] Many houses constructed primarily of wood and mud were razed to the ground.[17] Survivors who had lost their homes resorted to sleeping outdoors, although the unpredictable living conditions have made it an issue.[20] Others were invited to reside in the homes of their families or community members.[20]

Initially, Bakhtar News Agency reported a total of 280 deaths, including 100 in Paktia, five in Nangarhar and 25 in Khost. Six hundred (600) injuries were also reported by the agency.[21][19] A Taliban official later urged aid agencies to send aid to the area to prevent further catastrophe.[22] Several apartment buildings in the affected provinces were destroyed.[19] The director-general of Bakhtar News Agency tweeted that over 90 homes were destroyed in Paktika.[23] Landslides also occurred, burying or destroying houses in Khost province.[24]

Pakistan

The earthquake did not result in widespread damage in Pakistan, however 11 people died and 25 were injured.[25] Among the deaths was a man from Lakki Marwat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, who died when a roof fell on him.[26] Some mud houses were also damaged. In Islamabad and Peshawar, shaking was felt, causing panic among residents. It was also felt in Punjab.[27]

Rescue

The government of Afghanistan launched rescue operations in the country to prevent future loss. Rescue teams arrived via helicopter.[28] Officials said that the death toll may rise as recovery efforts are ongoing to locate more casualties.[21] Many injured residents were airlifted via helicopters away from the devastated area. Helicopters also delivered medical supplies and food to the region.[15] Hasan Akhund, the acting Prime Minister of Afghanistan, said that 1 billion afghanis (around $11.3 million USD) have been allocated to attending to the needs of the affected population. He also authorized the transportation of relief items to the region.[29] A tribe leader from Paktika said that many survivors and rescue workers rushed to attend to those affected. Local businesses in the area were closed as people went assist people in the area. Some survivors were reportedly trapped beneath collapsed debris.[30] The Afghan Red Crescent Society brought blankets, tents and kitchen sets for affected residents.[6]

Italian medical and aid organization, Emergency, provided seven ambulances and its staff to the area.[31] In a flash update, the UN OCHA said that over 130 injured survivors have been taken to four hospitals. The Afghanistan Ministry of Defense stated that five helicopters participated in evacuation efforts in Pakita. A medical party was also dispatched to the Gayan District. UNICEF said that teams of health and nutrition workers were assigned to work in the districts of Gayan and Barmal, Pakita and Spera, Khost.[18]

International response

Dealing with disasters was a struggle for Afghanistan's emergency services even before the Taliban takeover.[8] The Washington Post reports that with many international aid organizations having fled the country after the previous government was overthrown, rescue efforts are likely to progress more slowly.[6] It poses a challenge at the same time that Afghanistan faces flooding and an economic crisis. Many nations have induced sanctions following the Taliban's takeover, especially in the banking sector, cutting the country from much international assistance. Humanitarian aid continues to be available from agencies such as the United Nations (UN).[32] The European Union Special Representative for Afghanistan said that the European Union (EU) is "monitoring the situation" and is ready to provide assistance.[18]

In a statement, Afghan Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada asked for humanitarian assistance from the international community.[4] A spokesman has called for aid agencies to provide supplies to victims in order to avoid a "humanitarian catastrophe". The head of the Iranian Red Crescent Society said that the organization was ready to provide relief, medical assistance and rescue efforts to the affected parties.[33] In Pakistan, trucks were expected to bring medicine, shelters, blankets and other relief goods across the border to Afghanistan on the orders of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif on the night of 22 June.[34] The Turkish Red Crescent also provided aid in the form of food packs to 500 families.[35]

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA) responded in a tweet that they would "be issuing a flash update later today with further details on the situation and response". The Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Afghanistan said that the the needs of the affected were being assessed.[36]

The UN said that trauma care, shelter, non-food essentials, food, water and sanitary items were urgently needed and being distributed.[37] A UN official said that the organization does not have the capabilities to carry out search and rescue operations. The UN made a formal request to the embassy of Turkey in Afghanistan to carry out the missions.[38] The cost of an immediate response was evaluated to be about $15 million USD.[39]

The Chinese Foreign Ministry offered its condolences and said that the nation was ready to provide emergency assistance to Afghanistan.[18] India has also expressed its condolences. The Ministry of External Affairs said that India "remain committed to providing assistance and support".[40] Pope Francis said that he was praying for the victims and has appealed for help to the area.[41] In a statement by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan, the United States would be committed to supporting the people of Afghanistan.[42] President Joe Biden has appointed USAID and other relevant federal partners to evaluate the response options.[42] The spokesperson for the United States Department of State, Ned Price, said that the United States would be open to discussion but have not received any requests by the Taliban.[43]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "M 5.9 - 46 km SW of Khōst, Afghanistan". USGS. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  2. ^ "Afghanistan rocked by 6.1 magnitude quake leaving 280 dead, according to Taliban officials". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  3. ^ "Earthquake of magnitude 6.1 shakes Afghanistan, Pakistan". Reuters. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  4. ^ a b c "At least 1,000 killed after strong earthquake jolts Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  5. ^ a b c "زلزال أفغانستان.. عدد القتلى يرتفع إلى 1500 وهيئات إنسانية تدعو الغرب لتجاوز موقفه من طالبان لإغاثة المنكوبين" [The earthquake in Afghanistan .. the death toll rises to 1,500, and humanitarian agencies call on the West to override its position on the Taliban to provide relief to the afflicted]. Al Jazeera (in Arabic). 23 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f Faizi, Fazel Rahman (22 June 2022). "News agency: 1,000 dead, 1,500 injured in Afghan quake". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  7. ^ a b Dasgupta, Sravasti (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan earthquake: Death toll rises to 950 after major quake hits Paktika province". The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Afghan earthquake: 1,000 people killed and 1,500 wounded, official says". BBC News. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  9. ^ CNN, Masoud Popalzai, Jessie Yeung, Ehsan Popalzai and Tara John (22 June 2022). "More than 1,000 people killed after magnitude 5.9 earthquake hits eastern Afghanistan". CNN. Retrieved 22 June 2022. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Wheeler, Russell L.; Bufe, Charles G.; Johnson, Margo L.; Dart, Richard L. (2005). "Seismotectonic Map of Afghanistan, with Annotated Bibliography" (PDF). Open-File Report 2005–1264. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  11. ^ "अफगानिस्तान भूकंप: पक्तिका प्रांत में आया 6.1की तीव्रता का भूकंप, मृतकों का आंकड़ा स्पष्ट नहीं।" (in Hindi). Khabri Live. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  12. ^ a b "SOUTHEASTERN AFGHANISTAN 2022/06/21 20:54:41 UTC, Mw=6.2". GEOSCOPE Observatory. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  13. ^ "M 5.9 - CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN - 2022-06-21 20:54:36 UTC". emsc-csem.org. European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  14. ^ "Global CMT Catalog Search" (Data set). Global Centroid Moment Tensor. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  15. ^ a b Yawar, Mohammad Yunus; Ahmad, Jibran (22 June 2022). "Afghan quake kills 950; toll seen likely to rise". Reuters. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  16. ^ a b Associated Press; Reuters; Agence France-Presse (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan earthquake kills 950, toll likely to rise". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022. {{cite news}}: |author2= has generic name (help)
  17. ^ a b c Padshah, Safiullah; Ives, Mike (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan Live Updates: At Least 1,000 Killed in Earthquake, Official Media Says: The quake struck 28 miles southwest of the provincial capital of Khost". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d Marsi, Federica (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan earthquake live news: Hundreds killed in major tremor". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  19. ^ a b c "280 People Killed, 600 Injured as Earthquake Hits Khost, Paktika". Bakhtar News Agency. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  20. ^ a b "Thousands of children at risk after devastating earthquake hits Afghanistan". Asian News International. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  21. ^ a b "At least 250 killed in overnight Afghanistan earthquake: Official". The Straits Times. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  22. ^ Falconer, Rebecca (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan earthquake kills more than 250 people, officials say". Axios. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  23. ^ "Afghanistan earthquake Live Updates: At least 280 killed as 6.0 magnitude earthquake hits Paktika province". Indian Express Limited. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  24. ^ Bilal Sarwary [@bsarwary] (22 June 2022). "#AFG Afghanistan is to earthquakes, like Florida is to hurricanes. Disturbing reports coming out of Paktika and Khost provinces after earthquake. Some homes on a mountain collapsed as a result of sliding caused by earthquake in Khost" (Tweet). Retrieved 22 June 2022 – via Twitter.
  25. ^ "Risklayer Explorer". risklayer.com. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  26. ^ "A roof collapsed in Lakki Marwat, killing one person". dailyintekhab.pk (in pk). 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  27. ^ Masood, Salman (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan Live Updates: At Least 1,000 Killed in Earthquake, Official Media Says: The earthquake was also felt in Pakistan, but damage appeared to be less severe". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  28. ^ Farrer, Martin (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan earthquake: at least 250 dead after 6.1 magnitude quake, state media says". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  29. ^ "1 Billion Afs Allocated to Earthquake Victims of Paktika, Khost Provinces". Bakhtar News Agency. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Afghanistan Quake Kills 1,000, "Digging Grave After Grave", Says Official". Agence France-Presse. NDTV. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  31. ^ MacLean, Cameron (22 June 2022). "Winnipeggers worried about aid getting to victims of deadly Afghanistan earthquake". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  32. ^ Yawar, Mohammad Yunus; Ahmad, Jibran (22 June 2022). "Afghanistan earthquake kills at least 1,000 but toll expected to rise". Reuters. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  33. ^ Moazzam, Mahshid Jafari (22 June 2022). "آمادگی هلال احمر ایران برای کمک به زلزله زدگان افغانستان" [Iranian Red Crescent prepared to help earthquake victims in Afghanistan]. Mehr News Agency (in Persian). Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  34. ^ "Pakistan sends relief goods for Afghan earthquake victims". Radio Pakistan. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  35. ^ "اخبار-تحلیلی/کمک-های-هلال-احمر-ترکیه-به-زلزله-زدگان-افغانستان" [Turkish Red Crescent aid to earthquake victims in Afghanistan]. Anadolu Agency (in Persian). 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  36. ^ "Afghanistan earthquake death toll surpasses 1,000". Asian News International. ThePrint. 22 June 2022. Archived from the original on 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  37. ^ "UN agencies rush to aid Afghanistan following deadly quake". UN News. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  38. ^ "U.N. says Turkey likely best to send rescue teams to Afghanistan". Reuters. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  39. ^ "$15M requested for 'immediate needs' in wake of devastating Afghanistan quake: UN". Global News. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  40. ^ "Share grief of Afghan people; committed to support them: India on earthquake in Afghanistan". Greater Kashmir. Press Trust of India. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  41. ^ Bordoni, Linda (22 June 2022). "Pope prays for victims of devastating earthquake in Afghanistan". Vatican News. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  42. ^ a b "Statement by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on the Earthquake in Afghanistan". The White House. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  43. ^ "US 'saddened' by Afghan earthquake, looks at aid". The Straits Times. 22 June 2022. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

ReliefWeb's main page for this event.

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