1993 Rome municipal election

1993 Rome mayoral election

21 November 1993 (first round) 5 December 1993 (second round)
Turnout	78.7% 1.6 pp (first round) 79.9% 1.2 pp (second round)
Candidate Francesco Rutelli Gianfranco Fini Party FdV MSI Alliance Progressives – 1st Round vote 684,529 619,309 Percentage 39.6% 35.8% 2nd Round vote 955,859 844,030 Percentage 53.1% 46.9%
Mayor before election Aldo Camporota (Special commissioner) Elected mayor Francesco Rutelli FdV

Municipal elections were held in Rome on 21 November and 5 December 1993 to elect the Mayor of Rome and 60 members of the City Council.

For the first time under a new local electoral law, enacted on 25 March 1993, citizens could vote to directly elect the Mayor.

As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held between the top two candidates – Francesco Rutelli, a former radical deputy at that time one of the most prominent figure of the environmentalist Federation of the Greens (FdV) and Gianfranco Fini, Giorgio Almirante's pupil and national leader of the neo-fascist Italian Social Movement (MSI) – which Rutelli finally won.

Background

With the Law of 25 March 1993, n. 81 was introduced the direct election of Mayor. In this way the form of government of the city, previously attributed to a parliamentary model, was neared at semi-presidential system. The same law fixed four years term of office for Mayor, later extended to five years.

The first direct-election of the Mayor of Rome took place in a period of changes for the Italian politics: the scandal called Tangentopoli, which highlighted pervasive corruption in the Italian political system, exposed in the 1992 Mani Pulite investigations, led to the collapse of the dominant Christian Democracy party and of its allies in the municipal politics.

Mayoral election

For the first time a leftist coalition, composed by the former-communist Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) and some other progressives party, took part in the election, presenting Francesco Rutelli as its mayoral candidate. Rutelli was a young politician who had been a member of the Italian Radicals then a member of the newborn Federation of the Greens.

The main opposition to Rutelli's coalition was represented by the neo-fascist candidate Gianfranco Fini. Fini was a young politician considered the inheritor of Giorgio Almirante's political knowledge in the Italian Social Movement (MSI). Fini and his party were quite popular in Rome: their popularity, originated from the Fascist regime, was increased by the political scandal which had invested the historical Christian Democracy (DC) and Italian Socialist Party (PSI). However Fini's popularity continued after the 1993 election, since all the candidates supported by the center-right coalition in the future elections would have been members of neo-fascist party National Alliance (AN).

Although the political crisis, Christian Democracy (DC) presented its candidate, Carmelo Caruso, who was supported also by the weak Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI).

Many other candidates took part in the election, all of them from very small parties, civic lists or associations. The most famous of this small party was the so-called Love Party, which was in favor of sexuality in a libertarian sense and for this reason decided to present as candidate for Mayor the famous pornstars Moana Pozzi.

The election was distinguished by the active involvement of an unprecedented numbers of Italian nobles as either candidates or supporters, including members of the Barberini, Orsini, Chigi, and Borghese families.

Voting System

The voting system is used for all mayoral elections in Italy, in the city with a population higher than 15,000 inhabitants. Under this system voters express a direct choice for the mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks. This gives a result whereby the winning candidate may be able to claim majority support, although it is not guaranteed.

The election of the City Council is based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote: the candidate with the majority of the preferences is elected. The number of the seats for each party is determined proportionally.

Parties and candidates

This is a list of the major parties (and their respective leaders) which participated in the election.

Political party or alliance		Constituent lists		Candidate
	Italian Social Movement			Gianfranco Fini
	Progressives		Democratic Party of the Left	Francesco Rutelli
			Federation of the Greens
			Democratic Alliance
			Pannella List
	Centrist coalition		Christian Democracy	Carmelo Caruso
			Union of the Centre
			Italian Democratic Socialist Party
	Communist Refoundation Party			Renato Nicolini
	Lay and Reformist Alliance			Vittorio Ripa di Meana

Results

Summary of the 1993 Rome City Council and Mayoral election results

Candidates		1st round		2nd round		Leader's seat	Parties		Votes	%	Seats
		Votes	%	Votes	%
	Francesco Rutelli	684,529	39.55	955,859	53.11	–		Democratic Party of the Left	233,924	18.17	18
								Federation of the Greens	136,753	10.62	10
								Alliance for Rome	63,271	4.91	5
								Pannella List	45,082	3.50	3
								Total	479,030	37.21	36
	Gianfranco Fini	619,309	35.78	844,030	46.89	Y		Italian Social Movement	399,594	31,04	13
								Together for Rome	30,684	2.38	–
								Total	430,278	33.42	13
	Carmelo Caruso	197,801	11.43	–	–	Y		Christian Democracy	154,552	12.00	5
								Union of the Centre	14,392	1.12	–
								Italian Democratic Socialist Party	11,333	0.88	–
								Civilization and Progress	3,160	0.25	–
								Total	183,437	14.25	5
	Renato Nicolini	143,364	8.28	–	–	Y		Communist Refoundation Party	90,461	7.03	2
								Freeing Rome	12,798	0.99	–
								Total	103,259	8.02	2
	Vittorio Ripa di Meana	26,064	1.51	–	–	Y		Reformist Lay Alliance (PSI–PRI)	30,818	2.39	–
	Maria Ida Germontani	11,770	0.68	–	–	–		Federal Italy League	13,726	1.07	–
	Antonio Pappalardo	9,527	0.55	–	–	–		Solidarity and Democracy	9,557	0.74	–
	Laura Scalabrini	9,164	0.53	–	–	–		Federalist Greens	10,531	0.82	–
	Moana Pozzi	8,977	0.52	–	–	–		Love Party	7,228	0.56	–
	Giulio Savelli	4,198	0.24	–	–	–		Independent Movement for Rome	3,373	0.26	–
	Federica Rossi Gasparrini	4,075	0.24	–	–	–		New Italy	4,685	0.36	–
	Gabriella Carlizzi	3,998	0.23	–	–	–		Christian Party of Democracy	3,409	0.26	–
	Mirella Cece	2,002	0.12	–	–	–		European Liberal Christian Movement	2,096	0.16	–
	Rosario Caccamo	1,948	0.11	–	–	–		People's Movement for Man and the Environment	1,861	0.14	–
	Carlo Olivieri	1,590	0.09	–	–	–		Humanist Alliance	1,485	0.12	–
	Pier Vittorio Fiorelli	1,519	0.09	–	–	–		Rights and Duties	1,859	0.14	–
	Rosanna Bartolomei	882	0.05	–	–	–		Corporatist Democracy	896	0.07	–
Total		1,730,717	100.00	1,799,889	100.00	4			1,287,528	100.00	56
Eligible voters		2,317,077	100.00	2,317,077	100.00
Did not vote		492,536	21.26	466,787	20.15
Voted		1,824,541	78.74	1,850,290	79.85
Blank or invalid ballots		93,824	5.14	50,401	2.72
Total valid votes		1,730,717	94.86	1,799,889	97.28
Source: Ministry of the Interior