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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|9|22|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1959|9|22|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
| birth_place = [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]]
| term_start = July 16, 1990
| term_start = 16 July 1990
| nationality = American
| nationality = American
| residence = [[Topeka, Kansas]]
| residence = [[Topeka, Kansas]]
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| consecration = December 11, 2011
| consecration = December 11, 2011
| consecrated_by = [[Robert Biarnesen]]
| consecrated_by = [[Robert Biarnesen]]
| module =
| module = {{Ordination
{{Ordination
| denomination = Conclavism
| denomination = Conclavism
| embed = yes
| embed = yes
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| consecration date 1 =
| consecration date 1 =
}}
}}
| term_end = 2 August 2022
| death_date = 2 August 2022
| death_place = Kansas City, Missouri
}}
}}


'''David Allen Bawden''' (born September 22, 1959 in [[Oklahoma City]]<ref name="Brisendine" />), who takes the name '''Pope Michael''', is an American citizen and a [[Conclavism|conclavist]] claimant to the [[papacy]]. He stated in 2009 that he had approximately 30 "solid followers".<ref>{{Citation|title="Pope Michael" - Full Documentary|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b96WxyxPfOY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/b96WxyxPfOY |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-03-24}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
'''David Allen Bawden''' (22 September 1959 - 2 August 2022<ref>{{Cite web |last=Batesville |first=Inc |title=Obituary for Father David A. Bawden at Davidson Funeral Home |url=https://www.davidsonfuneral.com/obituary/father-david-bawden?lud=567DBD3E5EB0CE7C300BDF852AC09EFE |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.davidsonfuneral.com |language=en}}</ref>), who took the name '''Pope Michael''', was an American citizen and a [[Conclavism|conclavist]] claimant to the [[papacy]]. He stated in 2009 that he had approximately 30 "solid followers".<ref>{{Citation|title="Pope Michael" - Full Documentary|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b96WxyxPfOY |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/b96WxyxPfOY |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|language=en|access-date=2021-03-24}}{{cbignore}}</ref>


Bawden was elected by a group of six [[laity|laypeople]], which included himself and his parents, who had come to believe that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since [[Vatican II]], and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of [[Pope Pius XII]] in 1958 until he, David Allen Bawden, became pope.<ref>[http://vaticaninexile.com/about.php] Bawden, David. "About." - Vatican in Exile. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016. <http://vaticaninexile.com/about.php>.</ref>
Bawden was elected by a group of six [[laity|laypeople]], which included himself and his parents, who had come to believe that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since [[Vatican II]], and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of [[Pope Pius XII]] in 1958 until he, David Allen Bawden, became pope.<ref>[http://vaticaninexile.com/about.php] Bawden, David. "About." - Vatican in Exile. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016. <http://vaticaninexile.com/about.php>.</ref>
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== Claim to the papacy ==
== Claim to the papacy ==
{{See also|Conclavism}}
{{See also|Conclavism}}
Bawden believes that all the popes since the death of [[Pope Pius XII]] on October 9, 1958, are [[Modernism in the Catholic Church|modernists]], heretics, and [[apostates]], and that, therefore, their elections are invalid because of the changes of [[Vatican II]].<ref name="Frank" /> He considers them to have incurred ''[[latae sententiae]]'' (automatic) [[Excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunication]], not so much for violating [[Pope Pius X]]'s laws on modernism,<ref name="Frank" /> as the laws of God.
Bawden believed that all the popes since the death of [[Pope Pius XII]] on October 9, 1958, were [[Modernism in the Catholic Church|modernists]], heretics, and [[apostates]], and that, therefore, their elections were invalid because of the changes of [[Vatican II]].<ref name="Frank" /> He considered them to have incurred ''[[latae sententiae]]'' (automatic) [[Excommunication (Catholic Church)|excommunication]], not so much for violating [[Pope Pius X]]'s laws on modernism,<ref name="Frank" /> as the laws of God.


Bawden says he was elected to the papacy in 1990, in a [[papal conclave]] attended by five other people, including his parents.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fox|first=Robin|title=The Tribal Imagination: Civilization and the Savage Mind|year=2011|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|pages=104|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMm30y9a1G0C&pg=PA104|isbn=9780674059016}}</ref> Bawden had tried to contact many independently ordained bishops in order to show up for the election, but out of the hundreds of them that he messaged or sent info packages to, none came to the election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Vatican in Exile|url=https://www.vaticaninexile.com/frequently_asked_questions.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Vatican in exile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308112251/http://vaticaninexile.com:80/frequently_asked_questions.php |archive-date=2016-03-08 }}</ref>
Bawden said he was elected to the papacy in 1990, in a [[papal conclave]] attended by five other people, including his parents.<ref>{{cite book|last=Fox|first=Robin|title=The Tribal Imagination: Civilization and the Savage Mind|year=2011|publisher=[[Harvard University Press]]|pages=104|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMm30y9a1G0C&pg=PA104|isbn=9780674059016}}</ref> Bawden had tried to contact many independently ordained bishops in order to show up for the election, but out of the hundreds of them that he messaged or sent info packages to, none came to the election.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions - Vatican in Exile|url=https://www.vaticaninexile.com/frequently_asked_questions.php|url-status=live|access-date=2021-03-24|website=Vatican in exile|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308112251/http://vaticaninexile.com:80/frequently_asked_questions.php |archive-date=2016-03-08 }}</ref>


== Media appearances ==
== Media appearances ==
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==Holy orders==
==Holy orders==
Bawden was ordained a priest and then consecrated a bishop on December 11, 2011, by an [[Independent Catholic]] ''[[episcopi vagantes|episcopus vagans]]'', Bishop Robert Biarnesen of the [[Carlos Duarte Costa|Duarte-Costa]] and [[Old Catholic]] episcopal lineages although it is unknown whether proper form was used in the solo ordination and consecration.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jarvis|first=Edward|author-link=Edward Jarvis (author)|title=God, Land & Freedom: the true story of ICAB|year=2018|publisher=Apocryphile Press|pages=169|isbn=9781947826908|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-LPwAEACAAJ&q=god+land+and+freedom}}</ref> Bawden claims that he is able to validly confect Catholic sacraments, offer the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], ordain other men to the priesthood, and consecrate them as bishops as the Duarte-Costa and Old Catholic lineages are valid in the eyes of the church.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bawden |first1=David |title=Validity of The Ordination and Consecration of Pope Michael |url=http://pope-michael.com/pope-michael/summary-of-the-position/validity-of-the-ordination-and-consecration-of-pope-michael/ |website=Pope Michael |access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
Bawden was ordained a priest and then consecrated a bishop on December 11, 2011, by an [[Independent Catholic]] ''[[episcopi vagantes|episcopus vagans]]'', Bishop Robert Biarnesen of the [[Carlos Duarte Costa|Duarte-Costa]] and [[Old Catholic]] episcopal lineages although it is unknown whether proper form was used in the solo ordination and consecration.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jarvis|first=Edward|author-link=Edward Jarvis (author)|title=God, Land & Freedom: the true story of ICAB|year=2018|publisher=Apocryphile Press|pages=169|isbn=9781947826908|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D-LPwAEACAAJ&q=god+land+and+freedom}}</ref> Bawden claimed that he was able to validly confect Catholic sacraments, offer the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]], ordain other men to the priesthood, and consecrate them as bishops as the Duarte-Costa and Old Catholic lineages are valid in the eyes of the church.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bawden |first1=David |title=Validity of The Ordination and Consecration of Pope Michael |url=http://pope-michael.com/pope-michael/summary-of-the-position/validity-of-the-ordination-and-consecration-of-pope-michael/ |website=Pope Michael |access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bawden, David}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bawden, David}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:2022 Deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century antipopes]]
[[Category:20th-century antipopes]]
[[Category:21st-century antipopes]]
[[Category:21st-century antipopes]]

Revision as of 21:39, 2 August 2022

Antipope

David Bawden
Pope Michael
Papacy began16 July 1990
Papacy ended2 August 2022
Opposed toJohn Paul II
Benedict XVI
Francis
Orders
OrdinationDecember 11, 2011
by Robert Biarnesen
ConsecrationDecember 11, 2011
by Robert Biarnesen
Personal details
Born (1959-09-22) 22 September 1959 (age 65)
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Died2 August 2022
Kansas City, Missouri
NationalityAmerican
ResidenceTopeka, Kansas
Ordination history
History
Diaconal ordination
Ordained byRobert Biarnesen
DateDecember 11, 2011
Priestly ordination
Ordained byRobert Biarnesen
DateDecember 11, 2011
Episcopal consecration
Consecrated byRobert Biarnesen
DateDecember 11, 2011

David Allen Bawden (22 September 1959 - 2 August 2022[1]), who took the name Pope Michael, was an American citizen and a conclavist claimant to the papacy. He stated in 2009 that he had approximately 30 "solid followers".[2]

Bawden was elected by a group of six laypeople, which included himself and his parents, who had come to believe that the Catholic Church had apostatized from the Catholic faith since Vatican II, and that there had been no legitimate popes elected since the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958 until he, David Allen Bawden, became pope.[3]

Background

In 1975, Bawden and his family began to follow the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX). Bawden attended the SSPX seminary in Écône, Switzerland, and Saint Joseph's Priory in Armada, Michigan, but was dismissed from the seminary in 1978.[4]

Claim to the papacy

See also: Conclavism

Bawden believed that all the popes since the death of Pope Pius XII on October 9, 1958, were modernists, heretics, and apostates, and that, therefore, their elections were invalid because of the changes of Vatican II.[5] He considered them to have incurred latae sententiae (automatic) excommunication, not so much for violating Pope Pius X's laws on modernism,[5] as the laws of God.

Bawden said he was elected to the papacy in 1990, in a papal conclave attended by five other people, including his parents.[6] Bawden had tried to contact many independently ordained bishops in order to show up for the election, but out of the hundreds of them that he messaged or sent info packages to, none came to the election.[7]

Media appearances

Bawden was the subject in a chapter of the 2004 book What's the Matter with Kansas? by American journalist and historian Thomas Frank.[5]

In 2010, independent filmmaker Adam Fairholm created a feature-length documentary, Pope Michael.[8][9]

Holy orders

Bawden was ordained a priest and then consecrated a bishop on December 11, 2011, by an Independent Catholic episcopus vagans, Bishop Robert Biarnesen of the Duarte-Costa and Old Catholic episcopal lineages although it is unknown whether proper form was used in the solo ordination and consecration.[10] Bawden claimed that he was able to validly confect Catholic sacraments, offer the Mass, ordain other men to the priesthood, and consecrate them as bishops as the Duarte-Costa and Old Catholic lineages are valid in the eyes of the church.[11]

References

  1. ^ Batesville, Inc. "Obituary for Father David A. Bawden at Davidson Funeral Home". www.davidsonfuneral.com. Retrieved 2022-08-02. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ "Pope Michael" - Full Documentary, archived from the original on 2021-12-21, retrieved 2021-03-24
  3. ^ [1] Bawden, David. "About." - Vatican in Exile. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016. <http://vaticaninexile.com/about.php>.
  4. ^ Brisendine, Steve (30 May 2005). "Despite few followers, 'Pope Michael' holds to beliefs". The Topeka Capital-Journal. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
  5. ^ a b c Frank, Thomas (2004). "Antipopes among us". What's the Matter with Kansas?: How Conservatives Won the Heart of America. Macmillan. pp. 217–224. ISBN 978-0-8050-7339-3.
  6. ^ Fox, Robin (2011). The Tribal Imagination: Civilization and the Savage Mind. Harvard University Press. p. 104. ISBN 9780674059016.
  7. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions - Vatican in Exile". Vatican in exile. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2021-03-24.
  8. ^ Coppen, Luke (29 February 2012). "Today's Catholic must-reads". Catholic Herald. Retrieved 29 April 2012.
  9. ^ David Mills (February 28, 2012), "We have a Pope, but not that one", First Things, Institute on Religion and Public Life
  10. ^ Jarvis, Edward (2018). God, Land & Freedom: the true story of ICAB. Apocryphile Press. p. 169. ISBN 9781947826908.
  11. ^ Bawden, David. "Validity of The Ordination and Consecration of Pope Michael". Pope Michael. Retrieved 27 March 2019.
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