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{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Kyrgyz
| group = Kyrgyz in Pakistan
| native_name = قیرغیز
| image = Kyrgyz women offering butter and salt.jpg
| image = Kyrgyz women offering butter and salt.jpg
| caption =
| caption =
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| langs = ''' [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]'''<br> [[Urdu]]{{·}} [[Shina language|Shina]]{{·}} [[Khowar language|Khowar]]{{·}} [[Pashto language|Pashto]]
| langs = ''' [[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]'''<br> [[Urdu]]{{·}} [[Shina language|Shina]]{{·}} [[Khowar language|Khowar]]{{·}} [[Pashto language|Pashto]]
| rels = [[Sunni Islam]]
| rels = [[Sunni Islam]]
| related_groups = [[Uyghurs in Pakistan|Uyghurs]], [[Uzbeks in Pakistan|Uzbeks]], [[Turkmen in Pakistan|Turkmens]]
}}
}}


The '''[[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]''' ([[Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]: قیرغیز) are a [[Turkic peoples|turkic]] ethnic group native to [[Central Asia|Wider Central Asia]], primarily living in [[Kyrgyzstan]] but are also found in [[Tajikistan]], [[China]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Afghanistan]]. There are several thousand [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] in [[Pakistan]] numbering more than 5,000,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callahan |first=Ted |date=2007-06-30 |title=The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/np.2007.110103 |journal=Nomadic Peoples |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.3167/np.2007.110103 |issn=0822-7942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Ted |last=Callahan |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1053733465 |title=The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On. |oclc=1053733465}}</ref> most of whom live in the northern areas of the country Primarily [[Upper Chitral District]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The last Kirghiz khan in Gilgit {{!}} Footloose {{!}} thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/575661-the-last-kirghiz-khan-in-gilgit |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> They have historically inhabited the [[Gojal]] valley of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]. Pakistan's [[Broghil Pass]], situated between [[Chitral]] and the [[Wakhan Corridor]], has a large resident Kyrgyz community. Some hail from the town of [[Uzgen]] in the west of [[Kyrgyzstan]]; in addition, many previously living in the [[Little Pamir]] valley of the [[Wakhan Corridor|Wakhan corridor]] in [[Afghanistan]] fled to [[Pakistan]] in the aftermath of the Afghan [[Saur Revolution]], leaving much of their wealth and animal herds behind.<ref name=juldu>{{Cite web |url=http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/HERMANN%20KREUTZMANN.pdf |title=Hermann Kreutzmann (2003) ''Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot'' |access-date=2011-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173840/http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/HERMANN%20KREUTZMANN.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
There are several Thousand '''[[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]''' in '''[[Pakistan]]''',<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Callahan |first=Ted |date=2007-06-30 |title=The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/np.2007.110103 |journal=Nomadic Peoples |volume=11 |issue=1 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.3167/np.2007.110103 |issn=0822-7942}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |first=Ted |last=Callahan |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1053733465 |title=The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On. |oclc=1053733465}}</ref> most of whom live in the northern areas of the country Primarily [[Upper Chitral District]] and [[Gilgit-Baltistan]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The last Kirghiz khan in Gilgit {{!}} Footloose {{!}} thenews.com.pk |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/tns/detail/575661-the-last-kirghiz-khan-in-gilgit |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}</ref> They have historically inhabited the [[Gojal]] valley of [[Gilgit-Baltistan]]. Pakistan's [[Broghil Pass]], situated between [[Chitral]] and the [[Wakhan Corridor]], also once had a large resident Kyrgyz community now only few thousands are left. Some hail from the town of [[Uzgen]] in the west of [[Kyrgyzstan]]; in addition, many were previously settled in the [[Little Pamir]] valley of the Wakhan corridor in Afghanistan. They fled to Pakistan in the aftermath of the Afghan [[Saur Revolution]], leaving much of their wealth and animal herds behind.<ref name=juldu>{{Cite web |url=http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/HERMANN%20KREUTZMANN.pdf |title=Hermann Kreutzmann (2003) ''Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot'' |access-date=2011-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173840/http://www.juldu.com/Pamir/HERMANN%20KREUTZMANN.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-03 |url-status=dead }}</ref>


During the 1980s, as many as 1,129 Kyrgyz refugees in Pakistan were subsequently allowed [[Minorities in Turkey#Kyrgyzs|asylum and resettlement]] in eastern [[Turkey]].<ref>[https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5028394443 The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On: Ted Callahan]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-minorities-make-themselves-heard|title=Afghanistan: Minorities make themselves heard - Afghanistan}}</ref>
During the 1980s, as many as 1,129 Kyrgyz refugees in Pakistan were subsequently allowed [[Minorities in Turkey#Kyrgyzs|asylum and resettlement]] in eastern [[Turkey]].<ref>[https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5028394443 The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On: Ted Callahan]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistan-minorities-make-themselves-heard|title=Afghanistan: Minorities make themselves heard - Afghanistan}}</ref>


Up to this day, Kyrgyz farmers and herders from [[Wakhan Corridor|Wakhan]] frequently visit the bordering [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]] valley of [[Pakistan]] to engage in livestock breeding and limited barter trade with entrepreneurs<ref name=juldu/>
Up to this day, Kyrgyz farmers and herders from Pamir (Afghanistan) frequently visit the bordering [[Hunza Valley|Hunza]] valley of Pakistan to engage in livestock breeding and limited barter trade with entrepreneurs.<ref name=juldu/>


Like other Central Asian expatriates, many Kyrgyz migrants apply for Pakistani nationality and identity cards, often deliberately losing or hiding their passports in the process.<ref name="TN">{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/13-Jan-2010/Illegal-immigrants-a-grave-security-threat|title=Illegal immigrants a grave security threat|work=[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]|date=13 January 2010|access-date=6 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916113838/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/13-Jan-2010/Illegal-immigrants-a-grave-security-threat|archive-date=16 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Pakistani interior officials, they take advantage of their cultural assimilation by introducing themselves as Pakistani [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]]s and [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]] living in other countries who came to the country to spend vacation and "lost their credentials."<ref name="TN"/>
Like other Central Asian expatriates, many Kyrgyz migrants apply for Pakistani nationality and identity cards, often deliberately losing or hiding their passports in the process.<ref name="TN">{{cite news|url=http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/13-Jan-2010/Illegal-immigrants-a-grave-security-threat|title=Illegal immigrants a grave security threat|work=[[The Nation (Pakistani newspaper)|The Nation]]|date=13 January 2010|access-date=6 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916113838/http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/13-Jan-2010/Illegal-immigrants-a-grave-security-threat|archive-date=16 September 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Pakistani interior officials, they take advantage of their cultural assimilation by introducing themselves as Pakistan-based [[Pashtun people|Pashtun]]s living in other countries who came to the country to spend vacation and "lost their credentials."<ref name="TN"/>


The Kyrgyz in Pakistan have an active involvement in trade and maintain a broad network of business companies in various states, including neighbouring China.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105081244/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-243844524.html?key=01-42160D517E1A106A1B0E061A046A4B2E224E324D3417295C30420B61651B617F137019731B7B1D6B39 Pakistani businessman to build natural juice factory in Jalal-Abad: AKIpress News Agency] December 8, 2010</ref> They also have played an extensive role in promoting and assisting the development of [[tourism in Kyrgyzstan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www2.asiaplus.tj/en/news/1/35869.html|title=Kyrgyz from Pakistan intend to assist in development of tourism in the country|work=Asia Plus (Tajikistan)|date=31 July 2008}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
The Kyrgyz in Pakistan have an active involvement in trade and maintain a broad network of business companies in various states, including neighbouring China.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105081244/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-243844524.html?key=01-42160D517E1A106A1B0E061A046A4B2E224E324D3417295C30420B61651B617F137019731B7B1D6B39 Pakistani businessman to build natural juice factory in Jalal-Abad: AKIpress News Agency] December 8, 2010</ref> They also have played an extensive role in promoting and assisting the development of [[tourism in Kyrgyzstan]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www2.asiaplus.tj/en/news/1/35869.html|title=Kyrgyz from Pakistan intend to assist in development of tourism in the country|work=Asia Plus (Tajikistan)|date=31 July 2008}}{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Revision as of 20:29, 3 August 2022

Kyrgyz in Pakistan
Total population
c. 5,000 (2007)[1]
Regions with significant populations
Gilgit-Baltistan and Chitral
Languages
Kyrgyz
Urdu · Shina · Khowar · Pashto
Religion
Sunni Islam

There are several Thousand Kyrgyz in Pakistan,[2][3] most of whom live in the northern areas of the country Primarily Upper Chitral District and Gilgit-Baltistan.[4] They have historically inhabited the Gojal valley of Gilgit-Baltistan. Pakistan's Broghil Pass, situated between Chitral and the Wakhan Corridor, also once had a large resident Kyrgyz community now only few thousands are left. Some hail from the town of Uzgen in the west of Kyrgyzstan; in addition, many were previously settled in the Little Pamir valley of the Wakhan corridor in Afghanistan. They fled to Pakistan in the aftermath of the Afghan Saur Revolution, leaving much of their wealth and animal herds behind.[5]

During the 1980s, as many as 1,129 Kyrgyz refugees in Pakistan were subsequently allowed asylum and resettlement in eastern Turkey.[6][7]

Up to this day, Kyrgyz farmers and herders from Pamir (Afghanistan) frequently visit the bordering Hunza valley of Pakistan to engage in livestock breeding and limited barter trade with entrepreneurs.[5]

Like other Central Asian expatriates, many Kyrgyz migrants apply for Pakistani nationality and identity cards, often deliberately losing or hiding their passports in the process.[8] According to Pakistani interior officials, they take advantage of their cultural assimilation by introducing themselves as Pakistan-based Pashtuns living in other countries who came to the country to spend vacation and "lost their credentials."[8]

The Kyrgyz in Pakistan have an active involvement in trade and maintain a broad network of business companies in various states, including neighbouring China.[9] They also have played an extensive role in promoting and assisting the development of tourism in Kyrgyzstan.[10]

Many of the Pakistanis in Kyrgyzstan who fled the 2010 South Kyrgyzstan riots brought back Kyrgyz spouses and families to Pakistan with them.[11] One of the obstacles faced by their Kyrgyz relatives included registration of travel documents; most did not have proper documentation and some were issued visas by the Federal Investigation Agency for only three days, resulting in people being declared illegal immigrants.[12]

In October 2010, several dozen Kyrgyz nationals, mostly diplomats living in Islamabad and other cities, took part in voting for the parliamentary elections running in Kyrgyzstan. The polling was organised at the local embassy.[13]

Wakhan Kyrgyz refugees

Kyrgyz from Wakhan region of Afghanistan moved to Pakistan in the 1970s. Nearly 1,100 of these were accepted by Turkey to settle in Ulupamir (or “Great Pamir” in Kyrgyz), their resettlement village in Van Province.[14]

See also

References

  1. ^ Callahan, Ted (2007). "The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride on". Nomadic Peoples. 11 (1): 39–48
  2. ^ Callahan, Ted (2007-06-30). "The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On". Nomadic Peoples. 11 (1): 39–48. doi:10.3167/np.2007.110103. ISSN 0822-7942.
  3. ^ Callahan, Ted. The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On. OCLC 1053733465.
  4. ^ "The last Kirghiz khan in Gilgit | Footloose | thenews.com.pk". www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 2022-04-16.
  5. ^ a b "Hermann Kreutzmann (2003) Ethnic minorities and marginality in the Pamirian Knot" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2011-04-19.
  6. ^ The Kyrgyz of the Afghan Pamir Ride On: Ted Callahan
  7. ^ "Afghanistan: Minorities make themselves heard - Afghanistan".
  8. ^ a b "Illegal immigrants a grave security threat". The Nation. 13 January 2010. Archived from the original on 16 September 2011. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  9. ^ Pakistani businessman to build natural juice factory in Jalal-Abad: AKIpress News Agency December 8, 2010
  10. ^ "Kyrgyz from Pakistan intend to assist in development of tourism in the country". Asia Plus (Tajikistan). 31 July 2008.[permanent dead link‍]
  11. ^ "Safe return of Pakistanis from Kyrgyzstan". Critical PPP. Archived from the original on 2011-07-26. Retrieved 2010-11-05.
  12. ^ Tariq Ismail (19 June 2010). "Seeking refuge in Pakistan". The Express Tribune.
  13. ^ Akhtar Jamal (10 October 2010). "Kyrgyz in Pakistan to vote today". Pakistan Observer.[permanent dead link‍]
  14. ^ Turkey: Kyrgyz Nomads Struggle To Make Peace With Settled Existence

Further reading

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