Port Mansfield Channel: Difference between revisions
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'''Port Mansfield Channel''' or '''Mansfield Cut''' is an [[Canal|artificial waterway]] situated on the [[Earth|earth's]] longest [[barrier island]] known as [[Padre Island]] encompassing the [[Texas Gulf Coast]]. During [[Post–World War II economic expansion|Post–World War II]], the [[Longshore_drift#Tidal_inlets|tidal inlet]] was [[Dredging|dredged]] as a private channel [[wikt:differentiate|differentiating]] [[North Padre Island]] and [[South Padre Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historicalcharts.noaa.gov/image.php?filename=1287-10-1923 |title=Northern Part of Laguna Madre ~ Chart 1287 |date=October 1923 |series=United States Coast and Geodetic Survey |website=NOAA Office of Coast Survey |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historicalcharts.noaa.gov/image.php?filename=1288-12-1933 |title=Southern Part of Laguna Madre ~ Chart 1288 |date=December 1933 |series=United States Coast and Geodetic Survey |website=NOAA Office of Coast Survey |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/link/statute/76/651 |title=Padre Island National Seashore Act of 1962 ~ P.L. 87-712 |work=76 Stat. 651 ~ Senate Bill 4 |date=September 28, 1962 |publisher=USLaw.Link}}</ref> The [[Navigability|navigable waterway]] was channeled during the late [[1950s]] ceremoniously [[wikt:Crest|cresting]] the [[intertidal zone]] of the [[Gulf of Mexico]] by September 1957.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/port-mansfield-channel |title=Port Mansfield Channel |last=Leatherwood |first=Art |website=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA042651/page/n17/ |title=DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas |last=Kieslich |first=James M. |date=May 1, 1977 |trans-title=Figure 4: Port Mansfield Channel, 15 March 1957 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |page=17}}</ref> |
'''Port Mansfield Channel''' or '''Mansfield Cut''' is an [[Canal|artificial waterway]] situated on the [[Earth|earth's]] longest [[barrier island]] known as [[Padre Island]] encompassing the [[Texas Gulf Coast]]. During [[Post–World War II economic expansion|Post–World War II]], the [[Longshore_drift#Tidal_inlets|tidal inlet]] was [[Dredging|dredged]] as a private channel [[wikt:differentiate|differentiating]] [[North Padre Island]] better known as [[Padre Island National Seashore]] and [[South Padre Island]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historicalcharts.noaa.gov/image.php?filename=1287-10-1923 |title=Northern Part of Laguna Madre ~ Chart 1287 |date=October 1923 |series=United States Coast and Geodetic Survey |website=NOAA Office of Coast Survey |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.historicalcharts.noaa.gov/image.php?filename=1288-12-1933 |title=Southern Part of Laguna Madre ~ Chart 1288 |date=December 1933 |series=United States Coast and Geodetic Survey |website=NOAA Office of Coast Survey |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/link/statute/76/651 |title=Padre Island National Seashore Act of 1962 ~ P.L. 87-712 |work=76 Stat. 651 ~ Senate Bill 4 |date=September 28, 1962 |publisher=USLaw.Link}}</ref> The [[Navigability|navigable waterway]] was channeled during the late [[1950s]] ceremoniously [[wikt:Crest|cresting]] the [[intertidal zone]] of the [[Gulf of Mexico]] by September 1957.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/port-mansfield-channel |title=Port Mansfield Channel |last=Leatherwood |first=Art |website=Handbook of Texas Online |publisher=[[Texas State Historical Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA042651/page/n17/ |title=DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas |last=Kieslich |first=James M. |date=May 1, 1977 |trans-title=Figure 4: Port Mansfield Channel, 15 March 1957 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |page=17}}</ref> |
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[[File:Port Mansfield Channel Jetty.jpg|upright=1.5|thumb|left|Mansfield Channel Jetties]] |
[[File:Port Mansfield Channel Jetty.jpg|upright=1.5|thumb|left|Mansfield Channel Jetties]] |
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The [[List_of_seas#Americas|marginal sea]] [[inlet]] was defined by [[Wave-dissipating concrete block|wave-dissipating concrete blocks]] similarly referred to as [[Tetrapod (structure)|tetrapods]] [[wikt:protract|protracting]] into the Gulf of Mexico at Padre Island. The [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater structure]] was severely [[wikt:dilapidate|dilapidated]] during the [[1957 Atlantic hurricane season]] with the [[Bay of Campeche]] [[wikt:spawn|spawning]] [[Hurricane Audrey]] and [[1957_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Esther|Tropical Storm Esther]] [[wikt:engulf|engulfing]] the existing [[Jetty#At_entrances_to_jetty_harbors|jetty harbor entrance]] on Padre Island.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA042651/page/n19/ |title=DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas |last=Kieslich |first=James M. |date=May 1, 1977 |trans-title=Figure 5: Port Mansfield Channel Entrance, November 1957 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |page=18}}</ref> |
The [[List_of_seas#Americas|marginal sea]] [[inlet]] was defined by [[Wave-dissipating concrete block|wave-dissipating concrete blocks]] similarly referred to as [[Tetrapod (structure)|tetrapods]] [[wikt:protract|protracting]] into the Gulf of Mexico at Padre Island. The [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater structure]] was severely [[wikt:dilapidate|dilapidated]] during the [[1957 Atlantic hurricane season]] with the [[Bay of Campeche]] [[wikt:spawn|spawning]] [[Hurricane Audrey]] and [[1957_Atlantic_hurricane_season#Tropical_Storm_Esther|Tropical Storm Esther]] [[wikt:engulf|engulfing]] the existing [[Jetty#At_entrances_to_jetty_harbors|jetty harbor entrance]] on Padre Island.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA042651/page/n19/ |title=DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas |last=Kieslich |first=James M. |date=May 1, 1977 |trans-title=Figure 5: Port Mansfield Channel Entrance, November 1957 |website=Internet Archive |publisher=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |page=18}}</ref> |
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:[[Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge]] |
:[[Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge]] |
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:[[Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District]] |
:[[Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District]] |
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:[[Padre Island National Seashore]] |
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:[[Texas barrier islands]] |
:[[Texas barrier islands]] |
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Revision as of 19:20, 7 August 2022
| Port Mansfield Channel | |
|---|---|
 Port Mansfield Channel | |
 Mansfield Cut at Padre Island | |
  Port Mansfield Channel Entrance | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| Coordinates | 26°33′39″N 97°20′54″W / 26.5609°N 97.34831°W |
| Specifications | |
| Length | 15.3 km (9.5 miles) |
| Navigation authority |
|
| Port Mansfield Marinas | |
| History | |
| Former names |
|
| Modern name | Port Mansfield Channel[1] |
| Current owner | Willacy County Navigation District |
| Other engineer(s) | Army Corps of Engineers |
| Construction began | September 1957 |
| Date restored | July 1962 |
| Topo Map | Port Mansfield Channel (Map). |
| Geography | |
| Start point | Gulf of Mexico |
| End point | Red Fish Bay, Texas (Map). |
| Beginning coordinates | 26°33′51″N 97°16′07″W / 26.564045°N 97.268697°W |
| Ending coordinates | 26°33′32″N 97°24′04″W / 26.558954°N 97.401091°W |
| Connects to | |
| GNIS feature ID | 1344370 |
Port Mansfield Channel or Mansfield Cut is an artificial waterway situated on the earth's longest barrier island known as Padre Island encompassing the Texas Gulf Coast. During Post–World War II, the tidal inlet was dredged as a private channel differentiating North Padre Island better known as Padre Island National Seashore and South Padre Island.[2][3][4] The navigable waterway was channeled during the late 1950s ceremoniously cresting the intertidal zone of the Gulf of Mexico by September 1957.[5][6]
The marginal sea inlet was defined by wave-dissipating concrete blocks similarly referred to as tetrapods protracting into the Gulf of Mexico at Padre Island. The breakwater structure was severely dilapidated during the 1957 Atlantic hurricane season with the Bay of Campeche spawning Hurricane Audrey and Tropical Storm Esther engulfing the existing jetty harbor entrance on Padre Island.[7]
In 1962, the United States Army Corps of Engineers devised an expansive coastal engineered jetty system resiliently controlling coastal sediment transport, longshore drift, and shoaling during normal gravity wave and wind wave processes.[8] The breakwater jetties were constructed with granite boulders situated as an eastern protrusion of 580 yards (530 m) and 825 yards (754 m) from the Padre Island shoreline into the Gulf of Mexico continental margin. The granite piers have a divisionary distance of 315 yards (288 m) permitting navigable transit passage from the brackish water of the Laguna Madre to the easterly Gulf of Mexico horizon.[9] The coastal management framework was collaterally conformable given the imminent intervals of low-pressure weather systems and storm surges charged by the gradient intensity of tropical cyclones encroaching the Texas seacoast.
History
Entitlement of Port Mansfield and Gulf Intracoastal Waterway
During the 1940s, the state of Texas and the United States commenced surveying the Laguna Madre-Padre Island coastal basin for a conducive estuary landing seeking to proportion the maritime transport of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway.[10] The intracoastal waterway and Laguna Madre-Padre Island basin observation determined the undistinguishable fish camp known as Red Fish Landing to be an adaptable and practical vicinity for a waterfront berth. The Red Fish Bay locality sustained a nautical mid-point considering the distance of 85 miles (137 km) from Corpus Christi, Texas and 35 miles (56 km) from Brownsville, Texas.
In 1949, the 81st United States Congress reached a consensus regarding the River and Harbor Act of 1950 as enacted into law by 33rd President of the United States Harry Truman on May 17, 1950.[11] The Act of Congress authorized the waterfront domain known as Red Fish Landing to be unanimously entitled as Port Mansfield serving the ecotone basin as a water vessel berth for future decades.[12][13]
During the 1950s, United States House of Representatives and United States Senate congressional sessions appointed Public Works committee hearings furthering the fact-finding with regards to the waterway project of the Laguna Madre-Padre Island basin. The legislative hearings supported congressional oversight concerning the navigability of the Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, Laguna Madre, and the continuation of estuaries of Texas to the Port of Brownsville and South Bay at the Mexico–United States border.[14][15]
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See also
- Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge
- Lower Rio Grande Valley National Wildlife Refuge
- Mansfield Cut Underwater Archeological District
- Texas barrier islands
References
- ^ Port Mansfield Channel in Geonames.org (cc-by)
- ^ "Northern Part of Laguna Madre ~ Chart 1287". NOAA Office of Coast Survey. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. October 1923.
- ^ "Southern Part of Laguna Madre ~ Chart 1288". NOAA Office of Coast Survey. United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. December 1933.
- ^ "Padre Island National Seashore Act of 1962 ~ P.L. 87-712". 76 Stat. 651 ~ Senate Bill 4. USLaw.Link. September 28, 1962.
- ^ Leatherwood, Art. "Port Mansfield Channel". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- ^ Kieslich, James M. (May 1, 1977). "DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas" [Figure 4: Port Mansfield Channel, 15 March 1957]. Internet Archive. Defense Technical Information Center. p. 17.
- ^ Kieslich, James M. (May 1, 1977). "DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas" [Figure 5: Port Mansfield Channel Entrance, November 1957]. Internet Archive. Defense Technical Information Center. p. 18.
- ^ "Senator Allen J. Ellender - Public Works Assessment Statement - Port Mansfield Director Charles R. Johnson" [Public Works Appropriations, 1960 ~ U.S. Senate, Eighty-sixth Congress, H.R. 7509 - Making Appropriations for Civil Functions Administered by the Department of the Army]. HathiTrust Digital Library. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 2150. OCLC 9711636.
- ^ Kieslich, James M. (May 1, 1977). "DTIC ADA042651: A Case History of Port Mansfield Channel, Texas" [Figure E-5: Port Mansfield Channel Entrance, January and July 1962]. Internet Archive. Defense Technical Information Center. p. 60.
- ^ "River and Harbor Act of 1945 ~ P.L. 79-14" (PDF). 59 Stat. 10 ~ Senate Bill 35. USLaw.Link. March 2, 1945.
- ^ "River and Harbor Act of 1950 ~ P.L. 81-516" (PDF). 64 Stat. 163 ~ House Bill 5472. USLaw.Link. May 17, 1950.
- ^ "Senate Vote #309 in 1950 (81st Congress) ~ HR 5472 Passage: 53-19". GovTrack. April 17, 1950.
- ^ "House Vote #179 in 1950 (81st Congress) ~ HR 5472 Passage: 210-137". GovTrack. May 3, 1950.
- ^ "Gulf Intracoastal Waterway ~ Channel to Port Mansfield, Texas" [United States Congressional Serial Set No. 12178]. HathiTrust Digital Library. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 42-P. IX.
- ^ "Gulf Intracoastal Waterway ~ Channel to Port Mansfield, Texas" [United States Congressional Serial Set No. 12178]. HathiTrust Digital Library. United States Government Printing Office. pp. 1–58.
External links
Media related to Port Mansfield Channel at Wikimedia Commons
Padre Island travel guide from Wikivoyage- Kieslich, James M. (October 1, 1981). "DTIC ADA112448: Tidal Inlet Response to Jetty Construction". Internet Archive. Defense Technical Information Center.
