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{{Short description|Species of rodent}}
{{Short description|Species of rodent}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| name = ''Hydrochoerus isthmius''
| name = Lesser capybara
| image = Hydrochoerus isthmius (27839968482).jpg
| image = Hydrochoerus isthmius (27839968482).jpg
| status = DD
| status = DD
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}}
}}


The '''lesser capybara''' (''Hydrochoerus isthmius'')<ref name="UMichigan">[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hydrochoerus_isthmius.html ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' (lesser capybara).] University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.</ref> is a large [[List of semiaquatic tetrapods|semiaquatic]] rodent of the family [[Caviidae]] found in eastern [[Panama]], northwestern [[Colombia]], and western [[Venezuela]].<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400219 | page = 1556 |heading = ''H. isthmius'' | }}</ref> The lesser capybara was [[Species description|described]] as a [[species]] in 1912, but was later re-categorized as a [[subspecies]] of the [[capybara]] (''H. hydrochaeris''). Following studies of anatomy and [[genetics]] in the mid-1980s, it was recommended that it again should be recognized as a separate species,<ref name=Moreira2013>{{cite book| author1=José Roberto Moreira | author2=Martin R. Alvarez | author3=Teresa Tarifa | author4=Víctor Pacheco | author5=Andrew Taber | author6=Diego G. Tirira | author7=Emilio A. Herrera | author8=Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz | author9=Juanita Aldana-Domínguez | author10=David W. Macdonald | year=2013 | chapter=Taxonomy, Natural History and Distribution of the Capybara | editor1=J.R. Moreira | editor2=K.M.P.M.B. Ferraz | editor3=E.A. Herrera | editor4=D.W. Macdonald | title=Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species | publisher=Springer | pages=3–37 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-4000-0_1 | isbn=978-1-4614-3999-8 }}</ref> and this gained more widespread recognition in 1991,<ref name="Mones1991">{{cite book|first= Alvaro|last= Mones|title=Monografía de la familia Hydrochoeridae (Mammalia: Rodentia): sistemática, paleontología, filogenía, bibliografía|url= https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510611331/Monografa_de_la_familia_Hydrochoeridae_Mammalia_Rodentia|year= 1991|publisher= Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft|isbn= 978-3924500634|language= es|oclc= 243776591}}</ref> although some continue to consider it a subspecies.<ref name=Carrascal2011>{{cite journal| author1=Juan Carrascal V | author2=Juan Linares A | author3=Julio Chacón P | year=2011 | title=Comportamiento del ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris isthmius it is a good boi'' en un sistema productivo del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia |url= |language= es|journal= Revista MVZ Córdoba|volume= 16|issue= 3|doi=10.21897/rmvz.276|doi-access=free}}</ref>
The '''lesser capybara''' (''Hydrochoerus isthmius'')<ref name="UMichigan">[http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/classification/Hydrochoerus_isthmius.html ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' (lesser capybara).] University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.</ref> is a large [[List of semiaquatic tetrapods|semiaquatic]] rodent of the family [[Caviidae]] found in eastern [[Panama]], northwestern [[Colombia]], and western [[Venezuela]].<ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Hystricognathi | id = 13400219 | page = 1556 |heading = ''H. isthmius'' | }}</ref> The lesser capybara was [[Species description|described]] as a [[species]] in 1912, but was later re-categorized as a [[subspecies]] of the [[greater capybara]] (''H. hydrochaeris''). Following studies of anatomy and [[genetics]] in the mid-1980s, it was recommended that it again should be recognized as a separate species,<ref name=Moreira2013>{{cite book| author1=José Roberto Moreira | author2=Martin R. Alvarez | author3=Teresa Tarifa | author4=Víctor Pacheco | author5=Andrew Taber | author6=Diego G. Tirira | author7=Emilio A. Herrera | author8=Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz | author9=Juanita Aldana-Domínguez | author10=David W. Macdonald | year=2013 | chapter=Taxonomy, Natural History and Distribution of the Capybara | editor1=J.R. Moreira | editor2=K.M.P.M.B. Ferraz | editor3=E.A. Herrera | editor4=D.W. Macdonald | title=Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species | publisher=Springer | pages=3–37 | doi=10.1007/978-1-4614-4000-0_1 | isbn=978-1-4614-3999-8 }}</ref> and this gained more widespread recognition in 1991,<ref name="Mones1991">{{cite book|first= Alvaro|last= Mones|title=Monografía de la familia Hydrochoeridae (Mammalia: Rodentia): sistemática, paleontología, filogenía, bibliografía|url= https://www.schweizerbart.de/publications/detail/isbn/9783510611331/Monografa_de_la_familia_Hydrochoeridae_Mammalia_Rodentia|year= 1991|publisher= Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft|isbn= 978-3924500634|language= es|oclc= 243776591}}</ref> although some continue to consider it a subspecies.<ref name=Carrascal2011>{{cite journal| author1=Juan Carrascal V | author2=Juan Linares A | author3=Julio Chacón P | year=2011 | title=Comportamiento del ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris isthmius it is a good boi'' en un sistema productivo del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia |url= |language= es|journal= Revista MVZ Córdoba|volume= 16|issue= 3|doi=10.21897/rmvz.276|doi-access=free}}</ref>


The lesser capybara closely resembles the capybara, but adults of the former species typically weigh up to about {{cvt|28|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, while adults of the latter species weigh at least {{cvt|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and often much more.<ref name=Moreira2013/><ref name=Trapido1949>{{cite journal| author=Harold Trapido | year=1949 | title=Gestation period, young, and maximum weight of the isthmian capybara, ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' Goldman | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=30 | issue=4 | page=433 | doi=10.1093/jmammal/30.4.433 }}</ref> The lesser capybara breeds year-round, with an average litter size of 3.5.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Individuals may be [[diurnality|diurnal]] or [[nocturnal]] and solitary or social depending on season, habitat, and hunting pressure.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> This species is reported to be common in Panama, but rare in Venezuela.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> It is threatened by [[Hunter-gatherer|subsistence hunting]], the destruction of [[gallery forest]]s, and swamp drainage, specifically that of the [[Magdalena River]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Its [[karyotype]] has [[Diploid|2n]] = 64 and [[Fundamental number|FN]] = 104,<ref name = MSW3/><ref name="Mones1986" /> compared to 2n = 66 and FN = 102 for ''H. hydrochaeris''.<ref name="Mones1986">{{cite journal|journal= [[Mammalian Species]] |issue= 264|pages= 1–7|date= 16 June 1986|last1= Mones|first1= A.|author-link1 =Álvaro Mones|last2= Ojasti|first2= J.|title= ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris''|doi= 10.2307/3503784 |jstor= 3503784}}</ref><ref name=msw3_b>{{MSW3 Woods|heading = ''H. hydrochaeris'' | id=13400218|page=1556}}</ref>
The lesser capybara closely resembles the greater capybara, but adults of the former species typically weigh up to about {{cvt|28|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, while adults of the latter species weigh at least {{cvt|35|kg|lb|abbr=on}} and often much more.<ref name=Moreira2013/><ref name=Trapido1949>{{cite journal| author=Harold Trapido | year=1949 | title=Gestation period, young, and maximum weight of the isthmian capybara, ''Hydrochoerus isthmius'' Goldman | journal=Journal of Mammalogy | volume=30 | issue=4 | page=433 | doi=10.1093/jmammal/30.4.433 }}</ref> The lesser capybara breeds year-round, with an average litter size of 3.5.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Individuals may be [[diurnality|diurnal]] or [[nocturnal]] and solitary or social depending on season, habitat, and hunting pressure.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> This species is reported to be common in Panama, but rare in Venezuela.<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> It is threatened by [[Hunter-gatherer|subsistence hunting]], the destruction of [[gallery forest]]s, and swamp drainage, specifically that of the [[Magdalena River]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" /> Its [[karyotype]] has [[Diploid|2n]] = 64 and [[Fundamental number|FN]] = 104,<ref name = MSW3/><ref name="Mones1986" /> compared to 2n = 66 and FN = 102 for ''H. hydrochaeris''.<ref name="Mones1986">{{cite journal|journal= [[Mammalian Species]] |issue= 264|pages= 1–7|date= 16 June 1986|last1= Mones|first1= A.|author-link1 =Álvaro Mones|last2= Ojasti|first2= J.|title= ''Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris''|doi= 10.2307/3503784 |jstor= 3503784}}</ref><ref name=msw3_b>{{MSW3 Woods|heading = ''H. hydrochaeris'' | id=13400218|page=1556}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 20:48, 21 August 2022

Lesser capybara
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Family: Caviidae
Genus: Hydrochoerus
Species:
H. isthmius
Binomial name
Hydrochoerus isthmius
Goldman, 1912
Range in red

The lesser capybara (Hydrochoerus isthmius)[2] is a large semiaquatic rodent of the family Caviidae found in eastern Panama, northwestern Colombia, and western Venezuela.[3] The lesser capybara was described as a species in 1912, but was later re-categorized as a subspecies of the greater capybara (H. hydrochaeris). Following studies of anatomy and genetics in the mid-1980s, it was recommended that it again should be recognized as a separate species,[4] and this gained more widespread recognition in 1991,[5] although some continue to consider it a subspecies.[6]

The lesser capybara closely resembles the greater capybara, but adults of the former species typically weigh up to about 28 kg (62 lb), while adults of the latter species weigh at least 35 kg (77 lb) and often much more.[4][7] The lesser capybara breeds year-round, with an average litter size of 3.5.[1] Individuals may be diurnal or nocturnal and solitary or social depending on season, habitat, and hunting pressure.[1] This species is reported to be common in Panama, but rare in Venezuela.[1] It is threatened by subsistence hunting, the destruction of gallery forests, and swamp drainage, specifically that of the Magdalena River.[1] Its karyotype has 2n = 64 and FN = 104,[3][8] compared to 2n = 66 and FN = 102 for H. hydrochaeris.[8][9]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Delgado, C.; Emmons, L. (2016). "Hydrochoerus isthmius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136277A22189896. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136277A22189896.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Hydrochoerus isthmius (lesser capybara). University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved on June 11, 2009.
  3. ^ a b Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "H. isthmius". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1556. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  4. ^ a b José Roberto Moreira; Martin R. Alvarez; Teresa Tarifa; Víctor Pacheco; Andrew Taber; Diego G. Tirira; Emilio A. Herrera; Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz; Juanita Aldana-Domínguez; David W. Macdonald (2013). "Taxonomy, Natural History and Distribution of the Capybara". In J.R. Moreira; K.M.P.M.B. Ferraz; E.A. Herrera; D.W. Macdonald (eds.). Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species. Springer. pp. 3–37. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4000-0_1. ISBN 978-1-4614-3999-8.
  5. ^ Mones, Alvaro (1991). Monografía de la familia Hydrochoeridae (Mammalia: Rodentia): sistemática, paleontología, filogenía, bibliografía (in Spanish). Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft. ISBN 978-3924500634. OCLC 243776591.
  6. ^ Juan Carrascal V; Juan Linares A; Julio Chacón P (2011). "Comportamiento del Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris isthmius it is a good boi en un sistema productivo del departamento de Córdoba, Colombia". Revista MVZ Córdoba (in Spanish). 16 (3). doi:10.21897/rmvz.276.
  7. ^ Harold Trapido (1949). "Gestation period, young, and maximum weight of the isthmian capybara, Hydrochoerus isthmius Goldman". Journal of Mammalogy. 30 (4): 433. doi:10.1093/jmammal/30.4.433.
  8. ^ a b Mones, A.; Ojasti, J. (16 June 1986). "Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris". Mammalian Species (264): 1–7. doi:10.2307/3503784. JSTOR 3503784.
  9. ^ Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "H. hydrochaeris". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 1556. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.


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