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| birth_name = István Horthy de Nagybánya
| birth_name = István Horthy de Nagybánya
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|12|09|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1904|12|09|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Pula|Pola]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| birth_place = [[Pula|Pola]], [[Austria-Hungary]] (now [[Croatia]])
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|8|20|1904|12|9|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1942|8|20|1904|12|9|df=y}}
| death_place = [[Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast|Alexeyevsky District]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union|USSR]]
| death_place = [[Alexeyevsky District, Belgorod Oblast|Alexeyevsky District]], [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]], [[Soviet Union|USSR]] (now [[Russia]])
| nationality =
| nationality = [[Hungarian citizenship]]
| other_names =
| other_names =
| known_for =
| known_for =
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| party = Independent
| party = Independent
}}
}}

'''István Horthy de Nagybánya''' (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was [[Regent of Hungary|Hungarian regent]] Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]]'s eldest son, a politician, and, during World War II, a fighter pilot.
[[Vitéz]] '''István Horthy de Nagybánya''' (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was [[Regent of Hungary|Hungarian regent]] Admiral [[Miklós Horthy]]'s eldest son, a politician, and, during World War II, a fighter pilot.


==Biography==
==Biography==

In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother [[Miklós Horthy, Jr.|Miklós Jr.]] were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the Hungarian Scout Association (''[[Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]''), although he was a Protestant.<ref>John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.</ref>
In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother [[Miklós Horthy, Jr.|Miklós Jr.]] were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the [[Hungarian Scout Association]] (''[[Magyar Cserkészszövetség]]''), although he was a Protestant.<ref>John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.</ref>
Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the [[Ford Motors|Ford]] factory in [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]].
Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the [[Ford Motors|Ford]] factory in [[Detroit|Detroit, Michigan]].


Returning to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], he worked in [[MÁVAG]]'s locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the [[Locomotive 424]]. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]].
Returning to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]], he worked in [[MÁVAG]]'s locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the [[Locomotive 424]]. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess [[Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai]].


He strenuously confronted [[Nazism]], and often made his criticism public. In January 1942, he has been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from [[Kiev]]: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30 000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"<ref>Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.</ref>
He strenuously confronted [[Nazism]], and often made his criticism public. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the [[Eastern Front (World War II)|Eastern Front]]. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from [[Kiev]]: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30 000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"<ref>Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.</ref>


István Horthy died in Russia, shortly after his arrival,<ref>''Time Magazine'', Monday, 31 August 1941, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117063053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850013,00.html Milestones]</ref> in a much publicized flying accident. He was then serving in [[Hungarian Air Force|Royal Hungarian Air Force]] (''Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő''), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the [[Hungarian Second Army]] against Soviet forces. He was flying his [[MÁVAG Héja]] ("Hawk"), ''V.421'', a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian [[Reggiane Re.2000]]. During his 25th operational sortie, soon after [[takeoff]] from an air field near [[Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast|Ilovskoye]], the other pilot, flying with him, asked Horthy to increase height. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (that had become much more prone to [[stall (flight)|stall]]s, after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Reggianes, to protect pilots, but so shifting the plane's [[Center of gravity of an aircraft|center of gravity]]) stalled and crashed.<ref name= "Neulen p. 127.">Neulen 2000, p. 127.</ref> It was 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors).<ref name= "Punka p. 9.">Punka 2002, p. 9.</ref>
István Horthy died in Russia, shortly after his arrival,<ref>''Time Magazine'', Monday, 31 August 1941, [https://web.archive.org/web/20071117063053/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,850013,00.html Milestones]</ref> in a much publicized flying accident. He was then serving in the [[Hungarian Air Force|Royal Hungarian Air Force]] (''Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő''), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the [[Hungarian Second Army]] against Soviet forces. He was flying his [[MÁVAG Héja]] ("Hawk"), ''V.421'', a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian [[Reggiane Re.2000]]. During his 25th operational sortie, soon after [[takeoff]] from an air field near [[Ilovka, Belgorod Oblast|Ilovskoye]], the other pilot, flying with him, asked Horthy to increase height. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (that had become much more prone to [[stall (flight)|stall]]s, after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all [[Reggiane]]s, to protect pilots, but so shifting the plane's [[Center of gravity of an aircraft|center of gravity]]) stalled and crashed.<ref name= "Neulen p. 127.">Neulen 2000, p. 127.</ref> It was 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors).<ref name= "Punka p. 9.">Punka 2002, p. 9.</ref>


His only son, [[István Horthy, Jr.|Sharif István Horthy]], is a successful engineer.
His only son, [[István Horthy, Jr.|Sharif István Horthy]], is a successful engineer.


==Honors==
==Honors==

Hungary honored István Horthy by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942.<ref>
Hungary honoured István Horthy by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942.<ref>
[colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary Stamp: István Horthy, son of Miklós Horthy]
[colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary Stamp: István Horthy, son of Miklós Horthy]
</ref>
</ref>


==References==
==References==

'''Notes'''
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}
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[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Hungarian national conservatives]]
[[Category:Hungarian national conservatives]]
[[Category:Scouting in Hungary]]

Revision as of 07:43, 25 August 2022

The native form of this personal name is nagybányai Horthy István. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.
Vitéz
István Horthy
de Nagybánya
Horthy in 1942
Deputy Regent of Hungary
In office
19 February 1942 – 20 August 1942
MonarchVacant
RegentMiklós Horthy
Preceded byOffice established
Succeeded byOffice abolished
Personal details
Born
István Horthy de Nagybánya

(1904-12-09)9 December 1904
Pola, Austria-Hungary (now Croatia)
Died20 August 1942(1942-08-20) (aged 37)
Alexeyevsky District, Russian SFSR, USSR (now Russia)
NationalityHungarian citizenship
Political partyIndependent

Vitéz István Horthy de Nagybánya (9 December 1904 – 20 August 1942) was Hungarian regent Admiral Miklós Horthy's eldest son, a politician, and, during World War II, a fighter pilot.

Biography

In his youth, István Horthy and his younger brother Miklós Jr. were active members of a Catholic Scout troop of the Hungarian Scout Association (Magyar Cserkészszövetség), although he was a Protestant.[1] Horthy graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1928. He went to the United States for one year and worked in the Ford factory in Detroit, Michigan.

Returning to the Kingdom of Hungary, he worked in MÁVAG's locomotive factory in this occupation. On the forefront of the designer team, he took part in the development of many great projects, such as the Locomotive 424. Between 1934 and 1938, Horthy was director of the company and after 1938 he became its general manager. In 1940, he married Countess Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai.

He strenuously confronted Nazism, and often made his criticism public. In January 1942, he had been elected Deputy Regent, and for some time, the "small regent" enjoyed massive popularity in Hungary. Shortly thereafter, István was sent to the Eastern Front. His humanity, and his disagreement in the "Jewish Question" appears even here, too – a quote from one of his letters, which he sent to his father from Kiev: "[...] Yet another sad topic: the Jewish companies, as I hear, -there 20 or 30 000 [men]-, are at the mercy of the sadist's passions, in every regard; the stomach of man gets ache [looking at this]; it is abhorrent, that in the 20th century, it happens at us, too... [...] I fear, we will pay for this very dearly once. (Is it possible to take them home to work there?) Otherwise, in spring, only a few will be alive. [...]"[2]

István Horthy died in Russia, shortly after his arrival,[3] in a much publicized flying accident. He was then serving in the Royal Hungarian Air Force (Magyar Királyi Honvéd Légierő), MKHL, with the rank of 1/Lt, as a fighter pilot. His unit, 1/3 Fighter Squadron, was supporting the Hungarian Second Army against Soviet forces. He was flying his MÁVAG Héja ("Hawk"), V.421, a Hungarian fighter based on the Italian Reggiane Re.2000. During his 25th operational sortie, soon after takeoff from an air field near Ilovskoye, the other pilot, flying with him, asked Horthy to increase height. István pulled up rapidly. His aircraft (that had become much more prone to stalls, after a steel plate was added behind the cockpit of all Reggianes, to protect pilots, but so shifting the plane's center of gravity) stalled and crashed.[4] It was 20 August 1942 (18 August, according to other authors).[5]

His only son, Sharif István Horthy, is a successful engineer.

Honors

Hungary honoured István Horthy by issuing a commemorative postage-stamp on 15 October 1942.[6]

References

Notes

  1. ^ John S. Wilson: Scouting Round the World, first edition, London, Blandford Press, 1959, 81.
  2. ^ Ilona Edelsheim-Gyulai: Becsület és kötelesség, part I. Budapest, Európa press, 2001.
  3. ^ Time Magazine, Monday, 31 August 1941, Milestones
  4. ^ Neulen 2000, p. 127.
  5. ^ Punka 2002, p. 9.
  6. ^ [colnect.com/en/stamps/stamp/179998-István_Horthy_son_of_Miklós_Horthy-People-Hungary Stamp: István Horthy, son of Miklós Horthy]

Bibliography

  • Neulen, Hans Werner. In the skies of Europe: Air Forces Allied to the Luftwaffe 1939–1945. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press, 2000. ISBN 1-86126-799-1
  • Punka, Gӳorge. Hungarian Aces of World War 2. Osprey Publishing, Oxford, England, 2002. ISBN 978-1-84176-436-8.
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