Cryptocarya agathophylla: Difference between revisions
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{{Speciesbox |
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{{Taxobox |
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| image = Ravensara aromatica.png |
| image = Ravensara aromatica.png |
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| status = NT |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| status_ref = <ref name = iucn>Rakotonirina, N. 2020. Cryptocarya agathophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T137583298A137900098. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T137583298A137900098.en. Accessed 28 August 2022.</ref> |
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| unranked_classis = [[Magnoliids]] |
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| genus = Cryptocarya |
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| display_parents= 5 |
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| familia = [[Lauraceae]] |
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| species = agathophylla |
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| genus = ''[[Ravensara]]'' |
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| species = '''''R. aromatica''''' |
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| synonyms_ref = <ref name = powo>[https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77090879-1 ''Cryptocarya agathophylla'' van der Werff] ''Plants of the World Online'', Kew Science. Accessed 27 August 2022.</ref> |
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| synonyms = |
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* ''Agathophyllum aromaticum'' <small>(Sonn.) Schreb. ex Forsyth f.</small> |
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* ''Evodia aromatica'' <small>(Sonn.) Pers.</small> |
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* ''Agathophyllum ravensara'' <small>Mirb. ex Steud.</small> |
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* ''Evodia ravensarae'' <small>Gaertn.</small> |
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* ''Ravensara anisata'' <small>Danguy</small> |
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* ''Ravensara aromatica'' <small>J.F.Gmel.</small> |
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'''''Cryptocarya agathophylla''''' (sometimes called '''clove nutmeg''') is a member of the laurel family, [[Lauraceae]], and originates in [[Madagascar]]. |
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'''''Ravensara aromatica''''' (sometimes called '''clove nutmeg''') is a member of the laurel family, [[Lauraceae]], and originates in [[Madagascar]]. The name ''ravensara'' is a [[Romanization|latinization]] of the [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] word ''{{lang|mg|ravintsara}}''.<ref>Halpern, Georges M., Weverka, Peter ''The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar'', Basic Health Publications Inc., Laguna Beach CA, 2003, pp. 54.</ref> Other Malagasy names include ''{{lang|mg|havozo}}'', ''{{lang|mg|hazomanitra}}'' and ''{{lang|mg|tavolomanitra}}''. The leaves and twigs of ''R. aromatica'' have a mildly camphorous aroma similar to [[eucalyptus]]. The [[essential oil]] of ''R. aromatica'' is used as a fragrance material in the [[perfumery]] industry, and as an [[antiseptic]], anti-viral, [[antibacterial]], expectorant, anti-infective in natural and [[folk medicine]]. |
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Malagasy names include ''{{lang|mg|tavolobelelo}}'',<ref name = iucn/> ''{{lang|mg|havozo}}'', ''{{lang|mg|hazomanitra}}'' and ''{{lang|mg|tavolomanitra}}''. The former genus name ''Ravensara'' is a [[Romanization|latinization]] of the [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] word ''{{lang|mg|ravintsara}}''.<ref>Halpern, Georges M., Weverka, Peter ''The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar'', Basic Health Publications Inc., Laguna Beach CA, 2003, pp. 54.</ref>. |
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==Description== |
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''Cryptocarya agathophylla'' is a small to medium-sized tree, growing up to 15 meters high.<ref name = iucn/> The leaves and twigs of ''C. agathophylla'' have a mildly camphorous aroma similar to [[eucalyptus]]. |
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==Range and habitat== |
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''Cryptocarya agathophylla'' is endemic to Madagascar. It grows in humid and subhumid forests and secondary vegetation between 10 and 1,300 meters elevation.<ref name = iucn/> |
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It is known from 11 locations in the central and eastern parts of Bongolava, Vatovavy Analanjirofo and Alaotra-Mangoro regions. Its estimated [[extent of occurrence]] (EOO) is 116,739 km<sup>2</sup>, the minimum [[area of occupancy]] (AOO) is 56 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name = iucn/> |
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==Conservation and threats== |
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The species' population is decreasing, and its conservation status is [[Near Threatened]]. It is threated by [[habitat loss]], principally from shifting agriculture, and also from logging, mining, and grazing.<ref name = iucn/> |
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== Essential oil == |
== Essential oil == |
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The [[essential oil]] of ''C. agathophylla'' is used as a fragrance material in the [[perfumery]] industry, and as an [[antiseptic]], anti-viral, [[antibacterial]], expectorant, anti-infective in natural and [[folk medicine]]. Primary aromatic components are: |
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Primary aromatic components are: |
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* [[limonene]] 19.38% |
* [[limonene]] 19.38% |
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[[Category:Cryptocarya|agathophylla]] |
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[[Category:Ravensara|aromatica]] |
[[Category:Ravensara|aromatica]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Endemic flora of Madagascar]] |
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[[Category:Plants described in 1782]] |
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Revision as of 05:17, 28 August 2022
| Cryptocarya agathophylla | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Magnoliids |
| Order: | Laurales |
| Family: | Lauraceae |
| Genus: | Cryptocarya |
| Species: | C. agathophylla
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| Binomial name | |
| Cryptocarya agathophylla van der Werff
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Cryptocarya agathophylla (sometimes called clove nutmeg) is a member of the laurel family, Lauraceae, and originates in Madagascar.
Malagasy names include tavolobelelo,[1] havozo, hazomanitra and tavolomanitra. The former genus name Ravensara is a latinization of the Malagasy word ravintsara.[3].
Description
Cryptocarya agathophylla is a small to medium-sized tree, growing up to 15 meters high.[1] The leaves and twigs of C. agathophylla have a mildly camphorous aroma similar to eucalyptus.
Range and habitat
Cryptocarya agathophylla is endemic to Madagascar. It grows in humid and subhumid forests and secondary vegetation between 10 and 1,300 meters elevation.[1]
It is known from 11 locations in the central and eastern parts of Bongolava, Vatovavy Analanjirofo and Alaotra-Mangoro regions. Its estimated extent of occurrence (EOO) is 116,739 km2, the minimum area of occupancy (AOO) is 56 km2.[1]
Conservation and threats
The species' population is decreasing, and its conservation status is Near Threatened. It is threated by habitat loss, principally from shifting agriculture, and also from logging, mining, and grazing.[1]
Essential oil
The essential oil of C. agathophylla is used as a fragrance material in the perfumery industry, and as an antiseptic, anti-viral, antibacterial, expectorant, anti-infective in natural and folk medicine. Primary aromatic components are:
- limonene 19.38%
- sabinene 11.40%
- methyl chavicol 7.94%
- α-pinene 5.55%
- linalool 5.26%
- methyl eugenol 5.00%
- germacrene d 4.76%
- terpinen-4-ol 4.00%
- e-caryophyllene 3.54%
- δ-3-carene 3.52%
- myrcene 3.43%
- α-terpinene 2.98%
- β-pinene 2.91%
- γ-terpinene 2.15%
- α-phellandrene 1.99%
- camphene 1.33%
- (z)-β-ocimene 1.30%
- α-thujene 1.13%
- 1,8-cineole 1.08%
- para-cymene 0.97%
- α-humulene 0.79%
- α-copaene 0.69%
- β-elemene 0.63%
- δ-cadinene 0.60%
- terpinolene 0.56%
- δ-elemene 0.55%
- α-cubebene 0.47%
- α-terpineol 0.38%
- α-guaiene 0.37%
- bornyl acetate 0.36%
- elemol 0.34%
- elemicin 0.23%
- γ-muurolene 0.22%
- borneol 0.21%
- bicyclogermacrene 0.20%
- γ-cadinene 0.19%
- (e)-β-ocimene 0.19%
- β-cubebene 0.16%
- eugenol 0.12%
- α-muurolene 0.11%
- δ-amorphene 0.10%
- α-eudesmol 0.10%
- cis-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.10%
- ortho-cymene 0.09%
- β-selinene 0.09%
- β-bourbonene 0.08%
- trans-cadina-1,4-diene 0.08%
- trans-para-menth-2-en-1-ol 0.08%
- cis-sabinene hydrate 0.08%
- trans-sabinene hydrate 0.08%
- caryophyllene oxide 0.07%
- β-copaene 0.07%
- germacrene b 0.07%
- cis-muurola-3,5-diene 0.07%
- trans-cadina-1(6),4-diene 0.06%
- γ-eudesmol 0.06%
- β-eudesmol 0.05%
- guaiol 0.05%
References
- ^ a b c d e f Rakotonirina, N. 2020. Cryptocarya agathophylla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T137583298A137900098. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T137583298A137900098.en. Accessed 28 August 2022.
- ^ Cryptocarya agathophylla van der Werff Plants of the World Online, Kew Science. Accessed 27 August 2022.
- ^ Halpern, Georges M., Weverka, Peter The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar, Basic Health Publications Inc., Laguna Beach CA, 2003, pp. 54.