National Congress of Chile: Difference between revisions

National Congress of Chile

Congreso Nacional de Chile
National Congress of Chile ; Congreso Nacional de Chile
56th National Congress
Type
Type	Bicameral
Houses	Senate; Chamber of Deputies
Leadership
President of the Senate	Álvaro Elizalde
President of the Chamber	Raúl Soto
Structure
Seats	50 senators and 155 deputies
Political groups	Government (19) Apruebo Dignidad (6) PCCh (2); FREVS (2); RD (1); Independent (1); ; Democratic Socialism (13) PS (7); PPD (6); ; Opposition (25) Chile Vamos (24) RN (12); UDI (9); EVOPOLI (3); ; PLR (1); Others (6) DC (5); Independent (1); ;
Political groups	Government (67) Apruebo Dignidad (37) PCCh (12); CS (10); RD (7); Commons (6); FREVS (2); ; Democratic Socialism (30) PS (13); PPD (9); PR (4); PL (4); ; Opposition (68) Chile Vamos (53) RN (25); UDI (23); EVÓPOLI (4); CV Independent (1); ; Christian Social Front (15) PLR (15); ; Others (20) DC (8); PDG (7); Independents (5);
Elections
Voting system	Open list proportional representation
Meeting place
	Edificio del Congreso Nacional; Valparaíso; Chile
Website
	Cámara de Diputados (in Spanish); Senado (in Spanish)

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Revision as of 21:35, 29 August 2022

The National Congress of Chile^[2] (Template:Lang-es) is the legislative branch of the government of the Republic of Chile.

The National Congress of Chile was founded on July 4, 1811. It is a bicameral legislature composed of the Chamber of Deputies (lower house), of 155 Deputies (120 before 2017) and by the Senate (upper house), formed by 43 Senators (38 before 2017) which will increase its size to 50 senators after the next general election.

The organisation of Congress and its powers and duties are defined in articles 42 to 59 of the current constitution and by the Constitutional Organic Law No. 18,918.

Congress meets in the Chile Congress building, which was built during the last years of the Pinochet regime and stands in the port city of Valparaíso, some 140 km west of the capital, Santiago. This new building replaced the Former National Congress Building, located in downtown Santiago.

On 13 September 1973, the Government Junta of Chile dissolved Congress.^[3]

Statistical analysis suggest Chilean politicians in Congress "are not randomly drawn from the population, but over-represent high-income communities".^[4] As such, Chileans of Castilian-Basque, Palestinian and Jewish ancestry are overrepresented in it.^[4]

Accusations of bias in the design of the legislative electoral system

The 1980 Constitution defined a complicated scheme, unique in the world, for electing the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Each Deputy or Senator was elected from a two-member district. Parties or coalitions put two-member lists on the ballot. If the first-place list in a district won more than twice the votes of the second-place list, both its nominees were elected; otherwise, the top candidate from each list went to Valparaiso, the seat of Chile’s Congress. It has been argued this scheme was expressly designed by the Pinochet regime to favour the election of right-wing legislative majorities.^[5]^[6] Several rounds of constitutional amendments have been enacted since 1980 to address this concern.^[5]^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cámara de Diputados de Chile. "Organización y Autoridades Parlamentarias periodo legislativo 2018 - 2022" (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2019.
^ Cabrera-Tapia, Roberto (2021). "The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System" (PDF). PSA Parliaments specialist group.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile". The Guardian. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
^ ^a ^b Bro, Naim; Mendoza, Marcelo (2021-01-06). "Surname affinity in Santiago, Chile: A network-based approach that uncovers urban segregation". PLOS One. 16 (1): e0244372. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1644372B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244372. PMC 7787389. PMID 33406147.
^ ^a ^b Carey, John M. Malapportionment and ideological bias in Chilean electoral districts. Dartmouth College. May 18, 2015.
^ Pastor, Daniel (2004). "Origins of the Chilean Binominal Election System" (PDF). Revista de Ciencia Política. 24: 38–57.
^ Carey, John. Chile’s electoral reform. Global Americans. May 27, 2015.

External links

33°02′52″S 71°36′21″W / 33.04778°S 71.60583°W / -33.04778; -71.60583

[Diputados-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Cámara de Diputados de Chile. "Organización y Autoridades Parlamentarias periodo legislativo 2018 - 2022" (in Spanish). Retrieved 13 August 2019.

[2] Cabrera-Tapia, Roberto (2021). "The Chilean Congress: Bicameralism in a Presidential System" (PDF). PSA Parliaments specialist group.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[3] "Junta general names himself as new President of Chile". The Guardian. 14 September 1973. Retrieved 31 October 2018.

[surmane-4] Bro, Naim; Mendoza, Marcelo (2021-01-06). "Surname affinity in Santiago, Chile: A network-based approach that uncovers urban segregation". PLOS One. 16 (1): e0244372. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1644372B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244372. PMC 7787389. PMID 33406147.

[Dartmouth-5] Carey, John M. Malapportionment and ideological bias in Chilean electoral districts. Dartmouth College. May 18, 2015.

[6] Pastor, Daniel (2004). "Origins of the Chilean Binominal Election System" (PDF). Revista de Ciencia Política. 24: 38–57.

[7] Carey, John. Chile’s electoral reform. Global Americans. May 27, 2015.

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@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 '''[[Government]] (19)'''
 *''[[Apruebo Dignidad]] (6)''
-**{{Color box|#8B0000|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] (2)
+**{{Color box|#8B0000|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] (2)
-**{{Color box|#008000|border=darkgray}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (2)
+**{{Color box|#008000|border=silver}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (2)
-**{{Color box|#1D4C4F|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Revolution|RD]] (1)
+**{{Color box|#1D4C4F|border=silver}} [[Democratic Revolution|RD]] (1)
-**{{Color box|#C0C0C0|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Fabiola Campillai|1]])
+**{{Color box|#C0C0C0|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] ([[Fabiola Campillai|1]])
 *[[Democratic Socialism (Chile) |Democratic Socialism]] (13)
-**{{Color box|red|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (7)
+**{{Color box|red|border=silver}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (7)
-**{{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (6)
+**{{Color box|orange|border=silver}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (6)
 '''[[Opposition (politics)|Opposition]] (25)'''
 *''[[Chile Vamos]] (24)''
-**{{Color box|blue|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (12)
+**{{Color box|blue|border=silver}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (12)
-**{{Color box|navy|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democrat Union|UDI]] (9)
+**{{Color box|navy|border=silver}} [[Independent Democrat Union|UDI]] (9)
-**{{Color box|deepskyblue|border=darkgray}} [[Political Evolution|EVOPOLI]] (3)
+**{{Color box|deepskyblue|border=silver}} [[Political Evolution|EVOPOLI]] (3)
-*{{Color box|#31446C|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019) |PLR]] (1)
+*{{Color box|#31446C|border=silver}} [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019) |PLR]] (1)
 '''Others (6)'''
-**{{Color box|dodgerblue|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (5)
+**{{Color box|dodgerblue|border=silver}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (5)
-**{{Color box|#C0C0C0|border=darkgray}} Independent (1)
+**{{Color box|#C0C0C0|border=silver}} Independent (1)
 | political_groups2  =
 '''Government (67)'''
 *''[[Apruebo Dignidad]] (37)''
-**{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Chile}}|border=darkgray}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] (12)
+**{{Color box|{{party color|Communist Party of Chile}}|border=silver}} [[Communist Party of Chile|PCCh]] (12)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Social Convergence}}|border=darkgray}} [[Social Convergence|CS]] (10)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Social Convergence}}|border=silver}} [[Social Convergence|CS]] (10)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Revolution}}|border=darkgray}} [[Democratic Revolution|RD]] (7)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Democratic Revolution}}|border=silver}} [[Democratic Revolution|RD]] (7)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Commons (political party)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Commons (Chilean political party)|Commons]] (6)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Commons (political party)}}|border=silver}} [[Commons (Chilean political party)|Commons]] (6)
-** {{Color box|#008000|border=darkgray}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (2)
+** {{Color box|#008000|border=silver}} [[Social Green Regionalist Federation|FREVS]] (2)
 * [[Democratic Socialism (Chile)|Democratic Socialism]] (30)<ref name="Diputados"/>
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist Party of Chile}}|border=darkgray}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (13)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Socialist Party of Chile}}|border=silver}} [[Socialist Party of Chile|PS]] (13)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Party for Democracy (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (9)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Party for Democracy (Chile)}}|border=silver}} [[Party for Democracy (Chile)|PPD]] (9)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Radical Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Radical Party of Chile (2018)|PR]] (4)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Radical Party}}|border=silver}} [[Radical Party of Chile (2018)|PR]] (4)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Party (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party of Chile (2013)|PL]] (4)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Party (Chile)}}|border=silver}} [[Liberal Party of Chile (2013)|PL]] (4)
 '''Opposition (68)'''
 *''[[Chile Vamos]] (53)''
-** {{Color box|{{party color|National Renewal (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (25)<ref name="Diputados">{{cite web|language=Spanish|author=Cámara de Diputados de Chile|url=https://www.camara.cl/camara/diputados.aspx?prmTAB=partidos&prmPARAM=IND#TAB|title=Organización y Autoridades Parlamentarias periodo legislativo 2018 - 2022|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref>
+** {{Color box|{{party color|National Renewal (Chile)}}|border=silver}} [[National Renewal (Chile)|RN]] (25)<ref name="Diputados">{{cite web|language=Spanish|author=Cámara de Diputados de Chile|url=https://www.camara.cl/camara/diputados.aspx?prmTAB=partidos&prmPARAM=IND#TAB|title=Organización y Autoridades Parlamentarias periodo legislativo 2018 - 2022|access-date=13 August 2019}}</ref>
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Independent Democratic Union}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]] (23)<ref name="Diputados"/>
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Independent Democratic Union}}|border=silver}} [[Independent Democratic Union|UDI]] (23)<ref name="Diputados"/>
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Political Evolution}}|border=darkgray}} [[Political Evolution|EVÓPOLI]] (4)<ref name="Diputados"/>
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Political Evolution}}|border=silver}} [[Political Evolution|EVÓPOLI]] (4)<ref name="Diputados"/>
-** {{Color box|#11DECA|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|CV Independent]] (1)<ref name="Diputados"/>
+** {{Color box|#11DECA|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|CV Independent]] (1)<ref name="Diputados"/>
 * [[Christian Social Front]] (15)
-** {{Color box|{{party color|Republican Party (Chile, 2019)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019)|PLR]] (15)
+** {{Color box|{{party color|Republican Party (Chile, 2019)}}|border=silver}} [[Republican Party (Chile, 2019)|PLR]] (15)
 '''Others (20)'''
-* {{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Party (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (8)<ref name="Diputados"/>
+* {{Color box|{{party color|Christian Democratic Party (Chile)}}|border=silver}} [[Christian Democratic Party (Chile)|DC]] (8)<ref name="Diputados"/>
-* {{Color box|{{party color|Party of the People (Chile)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Party of the People (Chile)|PDG]] (7)
+* {{Color box|{{party color|Party of the People (Chile)}}|border=silver}} [[Party of the People (Chile)|PDG]] (7)
-* {{Color box|#E5E7E9|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician| Independents]] (5)
+* {{Color box|#E5E7E9|border=silver}} [[Independent politician| Independents]] (5)
 | committees1      =
 | committees2      =

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Revision as of 21:35, 29 August 2022

Accusations of bias in the design of the legislative electoral system

See also

References

External links