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{{short description|Herding caste of Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=January 2018}}
'''Gadaria''' or ''' Gadariya''' (also known as,[[Dhangar]],[[Kuruba]], [[Pal (surname)#:~:text=The surname Pal (or Paul,back to the Gupta period.|Pal]]''',<ref>{{cite web|url=https://peoplegroupsindia.com/profiles/gadaria|title=Who are the Gadaria?|website=People Groups of India|access-date=8 February 2020}}
</ref><ref name="Census1921">{{cite book |title=Census of India, 1921: Rajputana and Ajmer-Merwara, Part III Administrative Volume |date=1921 |page=Appendix L, pg xxi |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.48748/}}</ref>'''Gayri''',<ref name="Census1921" />''' or Gaari'''<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Mehta|first1=S. C.|last2=Vij|first2=P. K.|last3=Nivsarkar|first3=A. E.|last4=Sahai|first4=R.|date=1995|title=Sheep husbandry practices in Sonadi and Malpura breeding tract|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264937469|journal=Indian Journal of Small Ruminants|volume=1|pages=1–7}}</ref>''') is an ethnic group that was traditionally involved professionally in [[livestock breeding]], especially [[sheep]].<ref name="Sharma2003">{{Cite book|last1=Sharma|first1=V.P.|title=Pastoralism in India: A scoping study|last2=Köhler-Rollefson|first2=I|s2cid=67805358|publisher=Centre for Management in Agriculture, IIM (Indian Institute of Management)|year=2003|location=Ahmedabad}}</ref> They are primarily found in [[Uttar Pradesh]],<ref name="UP OBC" /> [[Karnataka]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=S |first=Shyam Prasad |first2=Niranjan |last2=Kaggere|date=October 25, 2014|title=Vokkaliga, Lingayat leaders oppose state’s caste census |url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/civic/vokkaliga-lingayat-leaders-oppose-states-caste-census/articleshow/44927686.cms |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Bangalore Mirror |language=en}}</ref> [[Goa]],<ref>http://library.isical.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10263/1447/HE-10-1-1982-P107-143.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> [[Maharashtra]], [[Andhra Pradesh]],<ref>{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfAMAQAAMAAJ&q=kuruba+golla |title=Communities, Segments, Synonyms, Surnames and Titles |date=1996 |publisher=Anthropological Survey of India |isbn=978-0-19-563357-3 |language=en}}</ref> [[Telangana|Telanga]]<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cQUdAQAAMAAJ&q=Dhangar |title=Census of India, 1961 |date=1961 |publisher=Manager of Publications |language=en}}</ref> and in some parts of [[Punjab]], [[Rajasthan]], [[Madhya Pradesh]] and [[Bihar]].{{sfnp|Shashi|2011|p=29-30}} In [[Gujarat]], they are called [[Bharwad]].''<ref>{{cite news |first=Nistula |last=Hebbar |title=OBCs to play kingmaker in battle for Gujarat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/elections/gujarat-2017/obcs-could-be-kingmakers-in-gujarat/article21261025.ece |date= 4 December 2017|quote="Extrapolating on the 1931 Census, the OBCs, excluding Muslim OBCs, comprise 35.6% of the total population, with the Koli-Thakore block the largest, followed by artisan castes at 6.1%; Bharwad (Gadaria) at 2%; and other middle castes at 3.3%."}}</ref>''

==Etymology==
==Etymology==
Gadariya is a sheep goat rearing caste which is found all over India, this caste has originated from Lord Shankar, so the Kuldev of this caste is Lord Pashupatinath Adi Shankar.  Shepherds are known as Gadaria (Nikhar and Dhengar)/Pal/Baghel/Gadri/Gaderi/Bhedihar/Gari/Gayri/Gwala/Bharund in Maharashtra, Dhangar/Medhpal in Maharashtra, Kuruma/Kuruba in Telangana Andhra Pradesh, Kuruba in Karnataka, in Tamil Nadu  Known as Kurumba / Kurumbar etc.
⚫
The word Gadaria is derived from the old [[Hindi]] word ''Gadar'', which means ''sheep''.<ref name="Ghurye">{{cite book|last1=Ghurye|first1=G.S.|title=Caste and race in India|date=2008|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Bombay|isbn=9788171542055|page=32|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWkjsvf6_vsC&pg=PA32|access-date=7 August 2016|language=en}}</ref>

And Gadariya also live in the country of Nepal, they are also known by the names of Gadaria, Pal, Bhedihar Gederi etc.

First:-

The word Gadariya is made up of two words of Sanskrit language Garh + Arya i.e. Garharya / Gadariya, therefore the women of the Gadaria caste are called Garh + Rani i.e. Gadrani / Gadarni.

Here Garh can have different meanings like :-

1.  Garh also means fort(Garh) and Arya means husband(Pati) or lord(Swami), thus he became the lord and Gadhapati of Gadhapati or fort.

2.  Garh means to live in a stronghold or to live in a group, that is, to be together or united (as in the Vedas describe many tribes who used to live together in one group), that is, to be the owner of a group or clan.

Second:-

The word shepherd is the tadbhava form of the Sanskrit word Gaddalika which means the person who walks in the herd of sheep i.e. shepherd(Gadariya) or The queen who leads in the flock of sheep is from the sheep.

⚫
word Gadaria is derived from the old [[Hindi]] word ''Gadar'', which means ''sheep''.<ref name="Ghurye">{{cite book|last1=Ghurye|first1=G.S.|title=Caste and race in India|date=2008|publisher=Popular Prakashan|location=Bombay|isbn=9788171542055|page=32|edition=5th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWkjsvf6_vsC&pg=PA32|access-date=7 August 2016|language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==

Revision as of 15:04, 4 September 2022

Etymology

Gadariya is a sheep goat rearing caste which is found all over India, this caste has originated from Lord Shankar, so the Kuldev of this caste is Lord Pashupatinath Adi Shankar.  Shepherds are known as Gadaria (Nikhar and Dhengar)/Pal/Baghel/Gadri/Gaderi/Bhedihar/Gari/Gayri/Gwala/Bharund in Maharashtra, Dhangar/Medhpal in Maharashtra, Kuruma/Kuruba in Telangana Andhra Pradesh, Kuruba in Karnataka, in Tamil Nadu  Known as Kurumba / Kurumbar etc.

And Gadariya also live in the country of Nepal, they are also known by the names of Gadaria, Pal, Bhedihar Gederi etc.

First:-

The word Gadariya is made up of two words of Sanskrit language Garh + Arya i.e. Garharya / Gadariya, therefore the women of the Gadaria caste are called Garh + Rani i.e. Gadrani / Gadarni.

Here Garh can have different meanings like :-

1.  Garh also means fort(Garh) and Arya means husband(Pati) or lord(Swami), thus he became the lord and Gadhapati of Gadhapati or fort.

2.  Garh means to live in a stronghold or to live in a group, that is, to be together or united (as in the Vedas describe many tribes who used to live together in one group), that is, to be the owner of a group or clan.

Second:-

The word shepherd is the tadbhava form of the Sanskrit word Gaddalika which means the person who walks in the herd of sheep i.e. shepherd(Gadariya) or The queen who leads in the flock of sheep is from the sheep.

word Gadaria is derived from the old Hindi word Gadar, which means sheep.[1]

History

In the early 1910s, an educated class of Gadarias formed All India Pal Kshatriya Mahasabha. There were debates within the community whether to add Kshatriya suffix to the community name. In the 1930s, they started referring to themselves as "Pali Rajput", a synonym of Pal kshatriya.[2] They started caste magazines like "Pal kshatriya Samachar" and "Shepherd Times". Later the community went through the process of de-sanskritization and dropped the suffix Kshatriya. Among the reasons cited for de-sanskritization were losing autonomy of their caste identity and avoiding being submerged into the identity of high castes.[3]

Sub-castes and clans

There are two major subdivisions amongst Gadarias, namely Dhengar and Nikhar. They share the same gotras. Bais(Baniya), Bhindwar, Pindwar, Hindwar, Chauhan, Tawar Parihar, Sisodiya, Sikarwar, Chandel, Riyar, Rotella, Mohania, Maurya etc. are some of the gotras amongst them.[4]

Classification

In Bihar,[5] Uttar Pradesh,[6] Uttarakhand,[7] Maharashtra,[8] Madhya Pradesh,[9] Chhattisgarh,[10] Rajasthan[11] and Delhi[12] they are classified as Other Backward Class, and in Haryana[13] and Punjab, India they are classified as other backward class in the Indian System of Reservation.

Religion

They practice Hinduism, worship family deities and various other deities including Ram, Krishna, Shiva, Vishnu, Hanuman, Kali, Chandi and Lakshmi. Some of them wear sacred thread. Majority of them are vegetarians.[14]

References

  1. ^ Ghurye, G.S. (2008). Caste and race in India (5th ed.). Bombay: Popular Prakashan. p. 32. ISBN 9788171542055. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  2. ^ Singh (2020), p. Caste organizations in the pre-Independence period/Sanskritization phase (Roughly the 1920s-1950s).
  3. ^ Singh (2020), p. Phase II (1956 onwards): De-sanskritization towards an alternative culture.
  4. ^ Shashi (2011), p. 29.
  5. ^ "CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF BIHAR" (PDF). NCBC. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  6. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (2020-10-20). Central List of OBCs Uttar Pradesh (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  7. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (2020-10-20). Central List of OBCs Uttarakhand (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  8. ^ "CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA" (PDF). NCBc. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  9. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (2020-10-20). Central List of OBCs Madhya Pradesh (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  10. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (2020-10-20). Central List of OBCs Chattisgarh (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  11. ^ "CENTRAL LIST OF OBCs FOR THE STATE OF RAJASTHAN" (PDF). NCBC. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  12. ^ Central Commission for Backward Classes (2020-10-20). Central List of OBCs Delhi (Report). Archived from the original on 20 October 2020.
  13. ^ Service, Tribune News. backward class-category-109862 "Now, Gadaria in Scheduled Caste category". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 2022-05-31. {{cite web}}: Check |url= value (help)
  14. ^ Shashi (2011), p. 32.

Bibliography

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