Jump to content

Scientific American: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
→Scientific and political debate: Moved and summarized controversy from criticism section.
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Moved the Shermer controversy. Removed Jerry Coyne controversy. While Jerry Coyne is a notable individual, he provides a one-sided story about how he wasn’t “allowed” to write an opinion piece in the journal. 1. This is not verified and is an individual making an allegation without response from the other side 2. The blog post reads like a personal spat and a soapbox 3. Lots of notable people want to write for Scientific American - not getting a response doesn’t mean abject political bias,...
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Line 120: Line 120:
==Awards==
==Awards==
* 2010: [[IQ Award]] for the German edition ''Spektrum der Wissenschaft''
* 2010: [[IQ Award]] for the German edition ''Spektrum der Wissenschaft''

== Criticism ==
In recent years it has been increasingly criticized for [[Politicization of science|politicizing science]] and spreading misleading claims. Historian of science and ''SciAm'' ex-writer [[Michael Shermer]], has written in [[Skeptic magazine]] that „''Scientific American'', which historically focused primarily on science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM), [...] now appears to be turning to social justice issues.”. Further, he describes claims of some ''SciAm'' articles as „unscientific” and „bizarre” and attempts to dismiss some of them, referring to [[sociological]] studies.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9" />

Biologist and pseudoscience critic [[Jerry Coyne]] described some claims made, by ''SciAm'' about [[sex]], such as claim that „before the late 18th century, Western [[science]] recognized only [[One-sex and two-sex theories|one sex]]”, as „distorting biology and now history, to buttress its ideology”<ref name=":4" /> and dismisses some ''SciAm'' claims about spiritual treatment of mental illness<ref name=":5" /> or evolution [[denialism]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=whyevolutionistrue |date=2021-07-11 |title=More mishigas at Scientific American: A claim that opposition to evolution comes from white supremacy, not religion |url=https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2021/07/11/more-mishigass-at-scientific-american-a-claim-that-creationism-comes-from-white-supremacy-not-religion/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Why Evolution Is True |language=en-US}}</ref> He claimed: „As to what happened to ''Scientific American'', well, it’s gone the way of all the science journals. It is doing performative wokeness.”.<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=whyevolutionistrue |date=2021-08-29 |title=Scientific American (and math) go full woke |url=https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2021/08/29/scientific-american-and-math-go-full-woke/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Why Evolution Is True |language=en-US}}</ref> Furtermore [[Jerry Coyne]] criticized it for „changing its mission from publishing decent science pieces to flawed bits of [[ideology]]”,<ref name=":8" /> „conflating science with ideology”<ref name=":7" /> and accusing E. O. Wilson of [[racism]], without showing any evidence.<ref name=":7" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=whyevolutionistrue |date=2022-02-04 |title=More accusations that E. O. Wilson was a racist |url=https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2022/02/04/more-accusations-about-e-o-wilsons-raciem/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Why Evolution Is True |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=whyevolutionistrue |date=2021-12-30 |title=Scientific American does an asinine hit job on E. O. Wilson, calling him a racist |url=https://whyevolutionistrue.com/2021/12/30/scientific-american-does-an-asinine-hit-job-on-e-o-wilson-calling-him-a-racist/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Why Evolution Is True |language=en-US}}</ref>


''Scientific American'' article, titled „Health Care Workers Call for Support of Palestinians”, has been described by [[CAMERA]] and [[algemeiner]], as „pro-terrorist propaganda”<ref name=":10" /> and „[[anti-Israel]] hate”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Algemeiner |first=The |title=‘Scientific American’: A Publishing Home for Anti-Israel Hate and Propaganda |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/06/29/scientific-american-a-publishing-home-for-anti-israel-hate-and-propaganda/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Algemeiner.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Mentioned article was later removed from the scope of ''SciAm''<ref>{{Cite web |last=El-Taher |first=Osaid Alser,Asmaa Rimawi,Sabreen Akhter,Nusheen Ameenuddin,Anand Chukka,Qaali Hussein,Bryan Leyva,Arian |title=Health Care Workers Call for Support of Palestinians |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/health-care-workers-call-for-support-of-palestinians/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> and defended by [[The Intercept]], as „expressing solidarity with Palestinians” and not having „any factual errors”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HussainJuly 1, 2021 |first=Murtaza HussainMurtaza |last2=A.m |first2=10:00 |title=Scientific American Retracted Pro-Palestine Article Without Any Factual Errors |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/07/01/scientific-american-palestine-israel/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=The Intercept |language=en}}</ref>
''Scientific American'' article, titled „Health Care Workers Call for Support of Palestinians”, has been described by [[CAMERA]] and [[algemeiner]], as „pro-terrorist propaganda”<ref name=":10" /> and „[[anti-Israel]] hate”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Algemeiner |first=The |title=‘Scientific American’: A Publishing Home for Anti-Israel Hate and Propaganda |url=https://www.algemeiner.com/2021/06/29/scientific-american-a-publishing-home-for-anti-israel-hate-and-propaganda/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Algemeiner.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Mentioned article was later removed from the scope of ''SciAm''<ref>{{Cite web |last=El-Taher |first=Osaid Alser,Asmaa Rimawi,Sabreen Akhter,Nusheen Ameenuddin,Anand Chukka,Qaali Hussein,Bryan Leyva,Arian |title=Health Care Workers Call for Support of Palestinians |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/health-care-workers-call-for-support-of-palestinians/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> and defended by [[The Intercept]], as „expressing solidarity with Palestinians” and not having „any factual errors”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=HussainJuly 1, 2021 |first=Murtaza HussainMurtaza |last2=A.m |first2=10:00 |title=Scientific American Retracted Pro-Palestine Article Without Any Factual Errors |url=https://theintercept.com/2021/07/01/scientific-american-palestine-israel/ |access-date=2022-09-01 |website=The Intercept |language=en}}</ref>

Revision as of 14:16, 8 September 2022

Scientific American
A magazine cover depicting a photorealistic view of the Earth, inserted into a melted ice cube, with the magazines masthead at top and a headline between the masthead and the Earth reading "Did Humans Stop an ICE AGE?" Beneath the headline in smaller type is the subheading "8,000 years of global warming"
Cover of the March 2005 issue
DisciplinePopular science
LanguageEnglish
Edited byLaura Helmuth
Publication details
HistorySince August 28, 1845; 179 years ago (1845-08-28)
Publisher
Springer Nature (United States)
FrequencyMonthly
Yes
2.142 (2020)
Standard abbreviations
ISO 4Sci. Am.
Indexing
ISSN0036-8733
LCCNsf92091111
OCLC no.796985030
Links

Scientific American, (abbv. SciAm or SA) is an American popular science magazine, covering various science, health and social justice issues.[1] It has been in print since 1845, which makes it the oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the United States, although it did not become monthly until 1921.[2] Scientific American is owned by Springer Nature, which in turn is a subsidiary of Holtzbrinck Publishing Group.[1] Throughout the magazine's history many famous scientists, including Albert Einstein and Nikola Tesla, have contributed articles to it.

History

Scientific American was founded by inventor and publisher Rufus M. Porter in 1845[3] as a four-page weekly newspaper. The first issue of the large format newspaper was released August 28, 1845.[4] It was sold to Alfred Ely Beach and Orson Desaix Munn a mere ten months after founding it. Until 1948, it remained owned by Munn & Company.[3] Under Munn's grandson, Orson Desaix Munn III, it had evolved into something of a "workbench" publication, similar to the twentieth-century incarnation of Popular Science.

Throughout its early years, much emphasis was placed on reports of what was going on at the U.S. Patent Office. It also reported on a broad range of inventions including perpetual motion machines, an 1860 device for buoying vessels by Abraham Lincoln, and the universal joint which now can be found in nearly every automobile manufactured.

In the years after World War II, the magazine fell into decline. In 1948, three partners who were planning on starting a new popular science magazine, to be called The Sciences, purchased the assets of the old Scientific American instead and put its name on the designs they had created for their new magazine. Thus the partners—publisher Gerard Piel, editor Dennis Flanagan, and general manager Donald H. Miller, Jr.—essentially created a new magazine.[5] Miller retired in 1979, Flanagan and Piel in 1984, when Gerard Piel's son Jonathan became president and editor; circulation had grown fifteen-fold since 1948. In 1986, it was sold to the Holtzbrinck Publishing Group of Germany, which has owned it until the Springer-Nature merger. In the fall of 2008, Scientific American was put under the control of Holtzbrinck's Nature Publishing Group division.[6] Donald Miller died in December 1998,[7] Gerard Piel in September 2004 and Dennis Flanagan in January 2005. Mariette DiChristina became editor-in-chief after John Rennie stepped down in June 2009,[6] and stepped down herself in September 2019. On April 13, 2020, Laura Helmuth assumed the role of editor-in-chief.

Since 2020 Scientific American was increasingly criticized for unnecessary politicization of its articles and spreading misinformation about controversial topics. According to CAMERA, in 2021 SciAm „has veered in a political direction”.[8] Biologist and pseudoscience critic Jerry Coyne has written that „Scientific American dedicates itself to politics, not science; refuses to publish rebuttals of their false or misleading claims”[9] and published several articles about bias and misinformation in this magazine, including criticizing it for: claiming that spiritual treatment of mental illness is more successful than conventional medicine,[10] publishing misinformation about evolution denialism[11][12] or accusing E. O. Wilson of racism, without showing any evidence.[13] Historian of science Michael Shermer has written that „Scientific American, which historically focused primarily on science, technology, engineering and medicine (STEM), [...] now appears to be turning to social justice issues.” and described some issues with SciAm in recent years.[14]

International editions

Scientific American published its first foreign edition in 1890, the Spanish-language La America Cientifica. Publication was suspended in 1905, and another 63 years would pass before another foreign-language edition appeared: In 1968, an Italian edition, Le Scienze, was launched, and a Japanese edition, Nikkei Science [ja], followed three years later in 1971.[15] A new Spanish edition, Investigación y Ciencia was launched in Spain in 1976, followed by a French edition, Pour la Science [fr], in France in 1977, and a German edition, Spektrum der Wissenschaft [de], in 1978.[15] A Russian edition V Mire Nauki (Template:Lang-ru) was launched in the Soviet Union in 1983, and continues in the present-day Russian Federation.[16] Kexue (科学, "Science" in Chinese), a simplified Chinese edition was established in 1979, was the first Western magazine published in the People's Republic of China. Founded in Chongqing, the simplified Chinese magazine was transferred to Beijing in 2001. Later in 2005, a newer edition, Global Science (环球科学), was published instead of Kexue, which shut down due to financial problems. A traditional Chinese edition, known as Scientist [zh], was introduced to Taiwan in 2002. The Hungarian edition Tudomány existed between 1984 and 1992. In 1986, an Arabic edition, Oloom Magazine [ar], was published. In 2002, a Portuguese edition was launched in Brazil.

Today, Scientific American publishes 18 foreign-language editions around the globe: Arabic, Brazilian Portuguese, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese, Czech, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Lithuanian (discontinued after 15 issues), Polish, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish.

From 1902 to 1911, Scientific American supervised the publication of the Encyclopedia Americana, which during some of that period was known as The Americana.

Scientific and political debate

In April 1950, the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission ordered Scientific American to cease publication of an issue containing an article by Hans Bethe that appeared to reveal classified information about the thermonuclear hydrogen bomb. Subsequent review of the material determined that the AEC had overreacted. The incident was important for the "new" Scientific American's history, as the AEC's decision to burn 3,000 copies of an early press-run of the magazine containing the offending material appeared to be "book burning in a free society" when publisher Gerard Piel leaked the incident to the press.[17]

In its January 2002 issue, Scientific American published a series of criticisms of the Bjørn Lomborg book The Skeptical Environmentalist. Cato Institute fellow Patrick J. Michaels said the attacks came because the book "threatens billions of taxpayer dollars that go into the global change kitty every year".[18] Journalist Ronald Bailey called the criticism "disturbing" and "dishonest", writing, "The subhead of the review section, 'Science defends itself against The Skeptical Environmentalist,' gives the show away: Religious and political views need to defend themselves against criticism, but science is supposed to be a process for determining the facts."[19]

The May 2007 issue featured a column by Michael Shermer calling for a United States pullout from the Iraq War.[20] In response, Wall Street Journal online columnist James Taranto jokingly called Scientific American "a liberal political magazine".[21]

The publisher was criticized in 2009 when it notified collegiate libraries that yearly subscription prices for the magazine would increase by nearly 500% for print and 50% for online access to $1,500 yearly.[22]

An editorial in the September 2016 issue of Scientific American attacked U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump for "anti-science" attitudes and rhetoric. This marked the first time that the publication forayed into commenting on U.S. presidential politics.[23]

In the October 2020 issue of the magazine, it endorsed Joe Biden for the 2020 presidential election, citing Donald Trump's rejection of scientific evidence, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. In the column reporting the endorsement, the magazine's editors said, "Scientific American has never endorsed a presidential candidate in its 175-year history. This year we are compelled to do so. We do not do this lightly."[24]

In 2021, former writer for the publication, Michael Shermer, wrote a scathing article alleging how he was forced out due to wokeness, asserting the publication is increasingly a source of politicized science.[25]

Website

In March 1996, Scientific American launched its own website that included articles from current and past issues, online-only features, daily news, special reports, and trivia, among other things.[1] The website introduced a paywall in April 2019, with readers able to view a few articles for free each month.[26]

Television

From 1990 to 2005 Scientific American produced a television program on PBS called Scientific American Frontiers with hosts Woodie Flowers[27] and Alan Alda.[28]

Books

SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT No. 1100 January 30, 1897 featuring Canet naval guns for the Greek ironclads

From 1983 to 1997, Scientific American has produced an encyclopedia set of volumes from their publishing division, the Scientific American Library. These books were not sold in retail stores, but as a Book of the Month Club selection priced from $24.95 to $32.95. Topics covered dozens of areas of scientific knowledge and included in-depth essays on: The Animal Mind; Atmosphere, Climate, and Change; Beyond the Third Dimension; Cosmic Clouds; Cycles of Life • Civilization and the Biosphere; The Discovery Of Subatomic Particles; Diversity and the Tropical Rain Forest; Earthquakes and Geological Discovery; Exploring Planetary Worlds; Gravity's Fatal Attraction; Fire; Fossils And The History Of Life; From Quarks to the Cosmos; A Guided Tour Of The Living Cell; Human Diversity; Perception; The Solar System; Sun and Earth; The Science of Words (Linguistics); The Science Of Musical Sound; The Second Law (of Thermodynamics); Stars; Supercomputing and the Transformation of Science.[29]

Scientific American launched a publishing imprint in 2010 in partnership with Farrar, Straus and Giroux.[30]

  • DiChristina, Mariette (2017). Scientific American – The Science Behind the Debates. Special Collector's Edition. Winter 2017/2018. Scientific American. A "collection of updated or adapted Scientific American articles and shorter pieces... ". According to editor Andrea Gawrylewski 'The reader will quickly notice a common theme. ... there really is no debate where the science is concerned'". Contributors include Seth Shostak, Paul Offit, Richard Dawkins and Harriet Hall.[31]

First issue

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
PDF of first issue: Scientific American Vol. 1, No. 01 published August 28, 1845
Cover of the September 1848 issue

It originally styled itself "The Advocate of Industry and Enterprise" and "Journal of Mechanical and other Improvements". On the front page of the first issue was the engraving of "Improved Rail-Road Cars". The masthead had a commentary as follows:

Scientific American published every Thursday morning at No. 11 Spruce Street, New York, No. 16 State Street, Boston, and No. 21 Arcade Philadelphia, (The principal office being in New York) by Rufus Porter. Each number will be furnished with from two to five original Engravings, many of them elegant, and illustrative of New Inventions, Scientific Principles, and Curious Works; and will contain, in addition to the most interesting news of passing events, general notices of progress of Mechanical and other Scientific Improvements; American and Foreign Improvements and Inventions; Catalogues of American Patents; Scientific Essays, illustrative of the principles of the sciences of Mechanics, Chemistry and Architecture: useful information and instruction in various Arts and Trades; Curious Philosophical Experiments; Miscellaneous Intelligence, Music and Poetry. This paper is especially entitled to the patronage of Mechanics and Manufacturers, being the only paper in America, devoted to the interests of those classes; but is particularly useful to farmers, as it will not only apprise them of improvements in agricultural implements, but instruct them in various mechanical trades, and guard them against impositions. As a family newspaper, it will convey more useful intelligence to children and young people, than five times its cost in school instruction. Another important argument in favor of this paper, is that it will be worth two dollars at the end of the year when the volume is complete, (Old volumes of the New York Mechanic, being now worth double the original cost, in cash.) Terms.—The Scientific American will be furnished to subscribers at $2.00 per annum,—one dollar in advance, and the balance in six months. Five copies will be sent to one address six months, for four dollars in advance. Any person procuring two or more subscribers, will be entitled to a commission of 25 cents each.

The commentary under the illustration gives the flavor of its style at the time:

There is perhaps no mechanical subject, in which improvement has advanced so rapidly, within the last ten years, as that of railroad passenger cars. Let any person contrast the awkward and uncouth cars of '35 with the superbly splendid long cars now running on several of the eastern roads, and he will find it difficult to convey to a third party, a correct idea of the vast extent of improvement. Some of the most elegant cars of this class, and which are of a capacity to accommodate from sixty to eighty passengers, and run with a steadiness hardly equalled by a steamboat in still water, are manufactured by Davenport & Bridges, at their establishment in Cambridgeport, Mass. The manufacturers have recently introduced a variety of excellent improvements in the construction of trucks, springs, and connections, which are calculated to avoid atmospheric resistance, secure safety and convenience, and contribute ease and comfort to passengers, while flying at the rate of 30 or 40 miles per hour.

Also in the first issue is commentary on Signor Muzio Muzzi's proposed device for aerial navigation.

Editors

Special issues

Special Navy Supplement, 1898

Columns

British Army reconnaissance airboat on the Tigris River during the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I

Notable features have included:

Awards

  • 2010: IQ Award for the German edition Spektrum der Wissenschaft

Scientific American article, titled „Health Care Workers Call for Support of Palestinians”, has been described by CAMERA and algemeiner, as „pro-terrorist propaganda”[8] and „anti-Israel hate”.[37] Mentioned article was later removed from the scope of SciAm[38] and defended by The Intercept, as „expressing solidarity with Palestinians” and not having „any factual errors”.[39]

Controversy

In 2013, Danielle N. Lee, a female scientist who blogged at Scientific American, was called a "whore" in an email by an editor at the science website Biology Online after refusing to write professional content without compensation. When Lee, outraged about the email, wrote a rebuttal on her Scientific American blog, the editor-in-chief of Scientific American, Mariette DiChristina, removed the post, sparking an outrage by supporters of Lee. While DiChristina cited legal reasons for removing the blog, others criticized her for censoring Lee.[40][41][42] The editor at Biology Online was fired after the incident.

The controversy widened in the ensuing days. The magazine's blog editor, Bora Zivkovic, was the subject of allegations of sexual harassment by another blogger, Monica Byrne.[43][44] Although the alleged incident had occurred about a year earlier, editor Mariette DiChristina informed readers that the incident had been investigated and resolved to Byrne's satisfaction.[45] However, the incident involving Lee had prompted Byrne to reveal the identity of Zivkovic, following the latter's support of Lee. Zivkovic responded on Twitter and his own blog, admitting the incident with Byrne had taken place.[46] His blog post apologized to Byrne, and referred to the incident as "singular", stating that his behavior was not "engaged in before or since".[46]

Zivkovic resigned from the board of Science Online, the popular science blogging conference that he co-founded with Anton Zuiker.[47] Following Zivkovic's admission, several prominent female bloggers, including other bloggers for the magazine, wrote their own accounts, alleging additional incidents of sexual harassment, although none of these accounts have been independently investigated yet, nor do they meet either the legal or ethical definition of sexual harassment.[44][48][49][50] A day after these new revelations, Zivkovic resigned his position at Scientific American, according to a press release from the magazine.[51]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "About Scientific American". Scientific American. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  2. ^ "Scientific American | American publication | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  3. ^ a b "Press Room". Scientific American. 2009-08-17. Archived from the original on January 19, 2012. Retrieved 2012-01-24.
  4. ^ "The Origin of Scientific American". Scientific American. 2009-08-17. Archived from the original on August 27, 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-27. {{cite magazine}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; August 28, 2022 suggested (help)
  5. ^ Lewenstein, Bruce V. (1989). "Magazine Publishing and Popular Science after World War II". American Journalism. 6 (4): 218–234. doi:10.1080/08821127.1989.10731208.
  6. ^ a b Fell, Jason (2009-04-23). "Scientific American Editor, President to Step Down; 5 Percent of Staff Cut". FOLIO. Retrieved 2009-04-26.
  7. ^ "Donald H. Miller". The New York Times. December 27, 1998. Miller-Donald H., Jr. Vice President and General Manager of the magazine Scientific American for 32 years until his retirement in 1979. Died on December 22, at home in Chappaqua, NY. He was 84. Survived by his wife of 50 years, Claire; children Linda Itkin, Geoff Kaufman, Sheila Miller Bernson, Bruce Miller, Meredith Davis, and Donald H. Miller, M.D; nine grandchildren and one greatgrandchild; and brother Douglas H. Miller. Memorial service will be held on Saturday, January 30, at 2 PM at the Unitarian Universalist Fellowship of Northern Westchester in Mount Kisco, NY. In lieu of flowers, contributions may be made to Hospice Care in Westchester, 100 So. Bedford Road, Mount Kisco, NY 10549.
  8. ^ a b "Updated June 14: Scientific American Removes Article Promoting BDS". CAMERA. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  9. ^ whyevolutionistrue (2022-08-21). "Scientific American dedicates itself to politics, not science; refuses to publish rebuttals of their false or misleading claims". Why Evolution Is True. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  10. ^ whyevolutionistrue (2021-06-19). "Scientific American: religious or "spiritual" treatment of mental illness produces better outcomes". Why Evolution Is True. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  11. ^ whyevolutionistrue (2021-08-22). "Scientific American: Denying evolution is white supremacy". Why Evolution Is True. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  12. ^ "Our attempt to correct the record about E. O. Wilson: a joint letter to Scientific American—which, of course, they rejected". Why Evolution Is True. 2022-01-19. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  13. ^ whyevolutionistrue (2022-01-26). "The inanities of Scientific American—almost all within just one year". Why Evolution Is True. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  14. ^ Skeptic (2021-11-17). "eSkeptic for November 17, 2021". Skeptic. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  15. ^ a b "International Editions". Scientific American. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  16. ^ Чумаков, Валерий (Chumakov, Valery) [in Russian] (24 December 2020). "Ученый предсказал возникновение Сибирского моря. Кого затопит" [The scientist predicted the emergence of the Siberian Sea. Who will be flooded?]. «В мире науки» (in Russian). Retrieved 5 January 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Lewenstein, B. V. (1987). 'Public Understanding of Science' in America, 1945–1965. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, pp. 280–284
  18. ^ Who Let the Dogs Out at Scientific American? Archived 2007-06-09 at the Wayback Machine, Patrick J. Michaels, January 17, 2002
  19. ^ Green with Ideology, Ronald Bailey, Reason, May 2002
  20. ^ Bush's Mistake and Kennedy's Error, Michael Shermer, Scientific American, May 2007
  21. ^ Sunk or Bunk?, James Taranto, Best of the Web Today, May 18, 2007
  22. ^ Howard, Jennifer (October 13, 2009). "College Library Directors Protest Huge Jump in 'Scientific American' Price". Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  23. ^ "Donald Trump's Lack of Respect for Science Is Alarming". Scientific American. September 1, 2016. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
  24. ^ "Scientific American Endorses Joe Biden". Scientific American. September 5, 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-15.
  25. ^ Shermer, Michael (November 17, 2021). "Scientific American Goes Woke". Skeptic. Retrieved 2022-09-8. {{cite magazine}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  26. ^ "Scientific American Launches New Paywall". @ScientificAmerican. 15 April 2019. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  27. ^ "Woodie Flowers, on season 1". Scientific American Frontiers. Chedd-Angier Production Company. 1990–1991. PBS. Archived from the original on 2006-01-01.
  28. ^ "Alan Alda, on season 4". Scientific American Frontiers. Chedd-Angier Production Company. 1993–1994. PBS. Archived from the original on 2006-01-01.
  29. ^ "Scientific American Library". LibraryThing. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  30. ^ "FSG, 'Scientific American' Roll Out New Imprint". PublishersWeekly.com. Retrieved 2017-12-10.
  31. ^ "New and Notable". Skeptical Inquirer. 42 (3): 61. 2018.
  32. ^ "A Century of Progress". Time. January 1, 1945. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-15. Present editor and publisher (third in the line) is Orson Desaix Munn, 61, a patent lawyer, crack bird hunter and fisherman, rumba fancier, familiar figure in Manhattan café society.
  33. ^ Mott, Frank Luther (1970) [1938]. A History of American Magazines, 1850–1865 (4th ed.). London: Oxford University Press. p. 316. ISBN 978-0-674-39551-0. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  34. ^ "Munn, Charles Allen". Princeton University Library Finding Aids. Princeton University. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
  35. ^ Santora, Marc (January 17, 2005). "Dennis Flanagan, 85, Editor of Scientific American for 37 Years". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-04-01. Dennis Flanagan, who as editor of Scientific American magazine helped foster science writing for the general reader, died at his home in Manhattan on Friday. He was 85. The cause of death was prostate cancer, according to his wife, Barbara Williams Flanagan. Mr. Flanagan, who worked at Scientific American for more than three decades beginning in 1947, teamed editors directly with working scientists, publishing pieces by leading figures like Albert Einstein, Linus Pauling and J. Robert Oppenheimer.
  36. ^ "Scientific American appoints Laura Helmuth Editor-in-Chief". Pressroom. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  37. ^ Algemeiner, The. "'Scientific American': A Publishing Home for Anti-Israel Hate and Propaganda". Algemeiner.com. Retrieved 2022-09-01.
  38. ^ El-Taher, Osaid Alser,Asmaa Rimawi,Sabreen Akhter,Nusheen Ameenuddin,Anand Chukka,Qaali Hussein,Bryan Leyva,Arian. "Health Care Workers Call for Support of Palestinians". Scientific American. Retrieved 2022-09-01.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  39. ^ HussainJuly 1, 2021, Murtaza HussainMurtaza; A.m, 10:00. "Scientific American Retracted Pro-Palestine Article Without Any Factual Errors". The Intercept. Retrieved 2022-09-01. {{cite web}}: |first2= has numeric name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  40. ^ Hess, Amanda (October 14, 2013). "Scientific American's Troubling Response to Its Blogger Being Called an 'Urban Whore'". Slate.
  41. ^ "'Scientific American' draws heat over 'urban whore' blog post". Fox News. October 14, 2013.
  42. ^ Jaschik, Scott (October 14, 2013). "When Does a Scientist Get Called a Whore?". Inside Higher Ed.
  43. ^ Byrne, Monica. Zivkovic said of the meeting, "within five minutes, it was clear that SciAm wasn't a good match for her professional goals. [He] stayed for the coffee out of politeness, but found her offputting and uninteresting as a person. So much emphasis has been put on the subject matter of their conversation, but for [Zivkovic] this was no different than talking to an entomologist about insects: all the writing samples she sent we're related to sex and relationships. I was mortified to hear that she understood the conversation as inappropriate, and I did apologize, but not for harassment (there was none), for causing her any discomfort. As a naturalized American, I wasn't raised with all the subtleties that the American madonna/whore culture expouses. And I didn't understand how she could write and talk so freely about sex and yet be offended by our conversation, which was mild in comparison. My interest in her, sexually or otherwise, was zero.""This Happened", October 14, 2013. Retrieved on 24 October 2013.
  44. ^ a b Helmuth, Laura (October 17, 2013). "Don't Be a Creep". Slate.
  45. ^ Raeburn, Paul (October 16, 2013). "Scientific American blog editor admits to sexual harassment". Knight Science Journalism at MIT.
  46. ^ a b Zivkovic, Bora (October 15, 2013). "This happened". A Blog Around The Clock. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013.
  47. ^ Zuiker, Anton (October 16, 2013). "ScienceOnline Board statement". Archived from the original on October 21, 2013.
  48. ^ Cooper-White, Macrina (October 17, 2013). "Bora Zivkovic, Scientific American Blog Editor, Responds to Sexual Harassment Allegations".
  49. ^ Lee, Jane (October 17, 2013). "Shakeup at Scientific American Over Sexual Harassment".
  50. ^ Sorg, Lisa (October 18, 2013). "The fall of Pittsboro scientist and Scientific American blog editor Bora Zivkovic". Indy Week. Archived from the original on October 25, 2013.
  51. ^ "Bora Zivkovic resigns from Scientific American" (Press release). Scientific American. October 18, 2013. Archived from the original on October 25, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Scientific American.
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Scientific_American&oldid=1109194022"