Simon of the Desert

Simon of the Desert
Original film poster
Spanish	Simón del desierto
Directed by	Luis Buñuel
Screenplay by	Luis Buñuel Julio Alejandro
Story by	Luis Buñuel
Produced by	Gustavo Alatriste
Starring	Claudio Brook Silvia Pinal Enrique Álvarez Félix
Cinematography	Gabriel Figueroa
Edited by	Carlos Savage
Music by	Raúl Lavista
Production companies	Sindicato de Trabajadores de la Producción Cinematográfica Estudios Churubusco
Distributed by	Altura International
Release date	August 27, 1965 (1965-08-27) (Venice)
Running time	45 minutes
Country	Mexico
Languages	Spanish Latin

Simon of the Desert (Template:Lang-es) is a 1965 Mexican surrealist film directed by Luis Buñuel and starring Claudio Brook and Silvia Pinal. It is loosely based on the story of the ascetic 5th-century Syrian saint Simeon Stylites, who lived for 39 years on top of a column. The screenplay is co-written by Buñuel and his frequent collaborator Julio Alejandro.

Simon of the Desert is the third (after Viridiana and The Exterminating Angel) of three films that Buñuel had made starring Pinal, and produced by her then-husband Gustavo Alatriste. It was the final film of Buñuel's Mexican period, before he returned to Europe. Today it is generally acclaimed by film critics, who consider it one of the director's most demonstrative works.

Plot

Simón, the son of the great ascetic Simeon Stylites, has lived for 6 years, 6 weeks and 6 days atop an eight-meter pillar in the middle of the desert, praying for spiritual purification. A congregation of priests and peasants salute him and offer him a brand new, much taller pillar to stand on and carry on his mission. He comes down from the pillar and is offered the priesthood, but refuses because he considers himself unworthy, and forsakes his aging mother for the love of God before climbing up his new pillar. He heals an amputee missing both hands, whose first use of them is to slap his child. But the congregation quickly departs unimpressed, leaving Simón alone.

Time goes by and Simón meets a number of regular characters – a handsome priest whom he condemns on grounds of vanity, a dwarf herder and his mother, who comes to live close to him but remains neglected of his attention. Satan, appearing in female human form, visits him three times: first as an innocent girl chanting curses in Latin, second disguised as Jesus. She constantly tries to make Simón give up his task and climb down from the pillar, but he refuses every time. She even possesses one of the priests that visit him, who is consequently exorcised by the other priests.

The third time, a coffin trails across the desert and finally stops next to the pillar. It opens up to reveal Satan, clad in a toga, who at last climbs up the pillar and vanishes with Simón for good. In an anachronistic turn, the couple find themselves sitting inside a crowded, jumping 1960s nightclub with a live instrumental rock band on stage. Simón asks Satan what dance the people are doing, and she says it is the "Radioactive Flesh" (similar to the Watusi). Simón protests about wanting to go home, but Satan says he cannot.

Cast

• Claudio Brook as Simón
• Silvia Pinal as Satan
• Enrique Álvarez Félix as Young Monk
• Hortensia Santoveña as Simón's mother
• Jesús Fernández as the Dwarf
• Francisco Reiguera and Enrique García Álvarez as Old Monks
• Luis Aceves Castañeda, Antonio Bravo, and Eduardo MacGregor as Friars
• Enrique del Castillo as Mutilated Man
• Ángel Merino as Rich Man
• Sylvia Pasquel as mod in nightclub
• Glauber Rocha

Development

In 1960, Buñuel returned to his home country Spain after a long-term exile in Mexico in order to direct Viridiana. The film scandalized the Vatican and the government, which prompted Buñuel into a second exile back to Mexico. There he directed The Exterminating Angel in 1962, and in the line of its predecessor, the film was critical of religion.

Simón del desierto was the last of the trilogy starring Silvia Pinal and Claudio Brook (the latter usually in secondary roles) that controversially dealt with religion while retaining certain elements of Buñuel’s earlier surrealist period. The film was based on a novel of Buñuel, and was adapted by Buñuel and frequent collaborator Julio Alejandro.

Production

The film was shot primarily in the Samalayuca Dune Fields of Chihuahua, while the final scene was shot at Estudios Churubusco. Silvia Pinal's real-life daughter Sylvia Pasquel is an uncredited extra in the nightclub sequence.

Pinal said of the production:

It is not true that Simon of the Desert was a medium-length film because of Gustavo Alatriste's economic troubles. It was a production problem. There were supposed to be three stories with different directors. Buñuel's was just one of them. Alatriste and I went to Europe to seek Federico Fellini, who was delighted to film with Buñuel, but he suggested his wife Giulietta Masina as the star. We saw another director, Jules Dassin, who would also accept if he was able to work with Melina Mercouri, his wife. We said no to them, because the idea was that the three stories would be starred by me. So, because everyone wanted to direct their own wives, Alatriste wanted to direct his own part with his wife, with me. I said no, and that was the beginning of our separation. Alatriste could not understand, or at least he was very hurt, when I explained to him that he could not direct besides Buñuel.

At one point, Pinal suggested Vittorio de Sica and Orson Welles to direct the other segments, but the proposal did not prosper. In fact, in some circuits, the film was distributed along with The Immortal Story (1968), directed by Welles.

Release

Simon of the Desert was shown at the 1965 Venice Film Festival, where it won a Special Jury Prize. It was later shown in New York on February 11, 1969.

Reception

From a contemporary review, the Monthly Film Bulletin noted the short length of the film ensures "that Simon's isolation, shot by Figueora with marvellous ingenuity, never risks becoming tedious. On the other hand, Bunuel's creativity is in such fine form that one can't help regretting the loss of those unshot extra minutes." The review concluded that the film "makes for a startling, charming and healthily wicked little anecdote, with easily more sense to its hard theology than one could find in a whole tribe of biblical epics".

Simon of the Desert has received much acclaim since its original release; Rotten Tomatoes reports 100% approval among 17 critics, with an average rating of 8.5/10.

In popular culture

The video clip for the song "The Laws Have Changed" from The New Pornographers’ 2003 album Electric Version heavily references the conclusion of the film, with a Simón-like figure lured from his pillar to a nightclub where the song is being played.

References

Sources

• Durgnat, Raymond (1977). Luis Bunuel. University of California Press. ISBN 0520034244.

External links

• Simon of the Desert at IMDb
• Simon of the Desert: Damned If You Do . . . an essay by Michael Wood at the Criterion Collection