Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014)

This article is about a former state. For the present-day state, see Andhra Pradesh.

Andhra Pradesh Um'maḍi Āndhrapradēś ఉమ్మడి ఆంధ్రప్రదేశ్
Former State of India
Coat of arms of Coat of arms
Andhra State(yellow), which merged with Hyderabad state (white) to form the State of Andhra Pradesh in 1956
Capital	Hyderabad
Government
• Type	Federated state
Chief Minister
• 1956-1960	Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (First)
• 2010-2014	Kiran Kumar Reddy (Last)
History
• State established	1 November 1956
• State Destabilised	2 June 2014
Preceded by Succeeded by Andhra State Hyderabad State (1948–1956) Andhra Telangana File:Government of Telangana Logo.png

Andhra Pradesh, retrospectively referred to as United Andhra Pradesh or Undivided Andhra Pradesh or also called as Ummadi Andhra Pradesh, was a state in India formed by States Reorganisation Act, 1956 with Hyderabad as its capital and was reorganised by Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014. The state was made up of three distinct cultural regions of Telangana, Rayalaseema, and Coastal Andhra. Telangana was part of Hyderabad State formerly ruled by Nizam of Hyderabad, whereas Rayalaseema and Coastal Andhra were part of Andhra State which was formerly a part of Madras Presidency ruled by British India.

Creation of United Andhra Pradesh

Map of Southern India (1953–1956) before the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, Telangana as part Hyderabad State Seemandra or rest of Andhra as Andhra State before 1953 Andhra State was part of Madras State

Map of the United Andhra Pradesh

In an effort to gain an independent state based on linguistic identity, and to protect the interests of the Telugu people of Madras State, Potti Sreeramulu fasted to death in 1952. As Madras became a bone of contention, in 1949 a JVP committee report stated: "Andhra Province could be formed provided the Andhras give up their claim on the city of Madras (now Chennai)". After Potti Sreeramulu's death, the Telugu-speaking area of Andhra State was carved out of Madras State on 30 November 1953, with Kurnool as its capital city. On the basis of the gentlemen's agreement of 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act formed Andhra Pradesh by merging Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking areas of the already existing Hyderabad State. Hyderabad was made the capital of the new state. The Marathi speaking areas of Hyderabad State merged with Bombay State and the Kannada speaking areas were merged with Mysore State which was later renamed as Karnataka.

In February 2014, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of the Telangana state comprising ten districts. Hyderabad will remain as a joint capital for not exceeding ten years. The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the President of India. Number of petitions questioning the validity of Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 is long pending for the verdict since April 2014 before the supreme court constitutional bench.

• • Vishalandhra Movement

The Visalandhra, Vishalandhra or Vishala Andhra was a movement in post-independence India for a united state for all Telugu speakers, a Greater Andhra (Telugu: విశాలాంధ్ర Viśālāndhra). This movement was led by the Communist Party of India under the banner of Andhra Mahasabha with a demand to merge all the Telugu-speaking areas into one state. (The Communist Party of India demanded for the formation of similar linguistic states across India.) The movement succeeded and a separate state of Andhra Pradesh was formed by merging Telugu-speaking areas of Hyderabad State (Telangana) with Andhra State on 1 November 1956 as part of the States Reorganisation Act. (Andhra State had been previously carved out of Madras State on 1 October 1953.) However, on 2 June 2014, Telangana State was separated back out of Andhra Pradesh and the Vishalandhra experiment came to an end. The residual Andhra Pradesh now has approximately the same borders.

See also: Visalandhra movement

Chief ministers of United Andhra Pradesh

On 1 November 1956, Hyderabad State ceased to exist; its Gulbarga and Aurangabad divisions were merged into Mysore State and Bombay State respectively. Its remaining Telugu-speaking portion, Telangana, was merged with Andhra State to form the new state of combined Andhra Pradesh.

N. Chandrababu Naidu of Telugu Desam Party was the longest served chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh. Kiran Kumar Reddy of the Indian National Congress was the last chief minister of United Andhra Pradesh.

No.	Portrait	Name	Constituency	Term of office			Assembly (election)	Party
				From	To	Days in office
1		Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	Kalahasti	1 November 1956	11 January 1960	3 years, 71 days	1st (1955 election)	Indian National Congress
							2nd (1957 election)
2		Damodaram Sanjivayya	Kurnool	11 January 1960	12 March 1962	2 years, 60 days
(1)		Neelam Sanjiva Reddy	Dhone	12 March 1962	20 February 1964	2 years, 8 days	3rd (1962 election)
3		Kasu Brahmananda Reddy	Narasaraopet	21 February 1964	30 September 1971	7 years, 221 days
							4th (1967 election)
4		P. V. Narasimha Rao	Manthani	30 September 1971	10 January 1973	1 year, 102 days
							5th (1972 election)
–		Vacant (President's rule)	N/A	11 Jan 1973	10 December 1973	333 days		N/A
5	File:Jalagam Vengala Rao.jpg	Jalagam Vengala Rao	Vemsoor	10 December 1973	6 March 1978	4 years, 86 days		Indian National Congress
6	File:Marri Chenna Reddy.jpg	Marri Chenna Reddy	Medchal	6 March 1978	11 October 1980	2 years, 219 days	6th (1978 election)
7	File:T. Anjaiah.jpg	T. Anjaiah	MLC	11 October 1980	24 February 1982	1 year, 136 days
8	File:Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy.jpg	Bhavanam Venkatarami Reddy	MLC	24 February 1982	20 September 1982	208 days
9	File:K. Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy.jpg	Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy	Kurnool	20 September 1982	9 January 1983	111 days
10		N. T. Rama Rao	Tirupati	9 January 1983	16 August 1984	1 year, 220 days	7th (1983 election)	Telugu Desam Party
11		N. Bhaskara Rao	Vemuru	16 August 1984	16 September 1984	31 days
(10)		N. T. Rama Rao	Hindupuram	16 September 1984	9 March 1985	5 years, 77 days
				9 March 1985	2 December 1989		8th (1985 election)
(6)	File:Marri Chenna Reddy.jpg	Marri Chenna Reddy	Sanathnagar	3 December 1989	17 December 1990	1 year, 14 days	9th (1989 election)	Indian National Congress
12		N. Janardhana Reddy	Venkatagiri	17 December 1990	9 October 1992	1 year, 297 days
(9)	File:K. Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy.jpg	Kotla Vijaya Bhaskara Reddy	Panyam	9 October 1992	12 December 1994	2 years, 64 days
(10)		N. T. Rama Rao	Hindupur	12 December 1994	1 September 1995	263 days	10th (1994 election)	Telugu Desam Party
13		N. Chandrababu Naidu	Kuppam	1 September 1995	11 October 1999	8 years, 255 days
				11 October 1999	13 May 2004		11th (1999 election)
14		Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy	Pulivendla	14 May 2004	20 May 2009	5 years, 111 days	12th (2004 election)	Indian National Congress
				20 May 2009	2 September 2009		13th (2009 election)
15		Konijeti Rosaiah	MLC	3 September 2009	24 November 2010	1 year, 82 days
16		Kiran Kumar Reddy	Pileru	25 November 2010	1 March 2014	3 years, 96 days

List of governors of United Andhra Pradesh

Data from Andhra Pradesh State Portal.

• main article Governors of United Andhra Pradesh

#	Name	Portrait	From	To	Term length
1	Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi		1 November 1956	1 August 1957	1,005 days
2	Bhim Sen Sachar		1 August 1957	8 September 1962	1,865 days
3	Satyawant Mallannah Shrinagesh		8 September 1962	4 May 1964	605 days
4	Pattom A. Thanu Pillai		4 May 1964	11 April 1968	1,439 days
5	Khandubhai Kasanji Desai	–	11 April 1968	25 January 1975	2,481 days
6	S. Obul Reddy	–	25 January 1975	10 January 1976	351 days
7	Mohanlal Sukhadia		10 January 1976	16 June 1976	159 days
8	Ramchandra Dhondiba Bhandare	–	16 June 1976	17 February 1977	247 days
9	B. J. Divan	–	17 February 1977	5 May 1977	78 days
10	Sharda Mukherjee	–	5 May 1977	15 August 1978	468 days
11	K. C. Abraham	–	15 August 1978	15 August 1983	1,827 days
12	Thakur Ram Lal		15 August 1983	29 August 1984	381 days
13	Shankar Dayal Sharma		29 August 1984	26 November 1985	455 days
14	Kumud Ben Joshi	–	26 November 1985	7 February 1990	1,535 days
15	Krishan Kant		7 February 1990	22 August 1997	2,754 days
16	Gopala Ramanujam	–	22 August 1997	24 November 1997	95 days
17	C. Rangarajan		24 November 1997	3 January 2003	1,867 days
18	Surjit Singh Barnala		3 January 2003	4 November 2004	672 days
19	Sushilkumar Shinde		4 November 2004	29 January 2006	452 days
20	Rameshwar Thakur		29 January 2006	22 August 2007	571 days
21	N. D. Tiwari		22 August 2007	27 December 2009	859 days
22	E. S. L. Narasimhan		28 December 2009	1 June 2014	1,617 days

Creation of Telangana

After several years of protest and agitation, the central government, under the United Progressive Alliance, decided to bifurcate the existing Andhra Pradesh state and on 2 June 2014, the Union Cabinet unilaterally cleared the bill for the creation of Telangana. Lasting for almost 5 decades, it was one of the most long lasting movements in South India.[1] On 18 February 2014, the Lok Sabha passed the bill with a voice vote. Subsequently, the bill was passed by the Rajya Sabha two days later, on 20 February.[2] As per the bill, Hyderabad would be the capital of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of residual state of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. At present, Hyderabad is the de jure joint capital. On 2 June 2014, Telangana was created.

• Telangana movement

The Telangana movement refers to a movement for the creation of a state, Telangana, from the pre-existing state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The new state corresponds to the Telugu-speaking portions of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad.

See also

• Vishalandhra Movement
• Jai Andhra movement
• Telangana movement
• Samaikyandhra Movement