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== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
Roser was born in [[Kirchheimbolanden]], Germany, a small village close to the border with France. In 1999, he and a friend won a prize in the German youth science competition Jugend Forscht with a model of a self-navigating vacuum cleaner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GmbH & Co |first=Im Fernsehen |date=July 3, 1999 |title=Tigerenten Club Folge 183 Jugend forscht '99 |url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/tigerenten-club/folgen/183-folge-183-697306 |language=de |access-date=August 25, 2019 |archive-date=August 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825114019/https://www.fernsehserien.de/tigerenten-club/folgen/183-folge-183-697306 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' reported that he travelled the length of the [[Nile]] from the mouth to the source, and that he crossed the [[Himalayas]] and the [[Andes]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-140750282.html|title=Statistiken Frohe Botschaft|last=Schmundt|first=Hilmar|date=2016-01-02|newspaper=Der Spiegel|access-date=2016-02-19|volume=1|archive-date=2016-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207093331/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-140750282.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{subscription}} Roser graduated{{when|date=August 2022}} with degrees in [[Earth science|geoscience]], [[economics]], and [[philosophy]].{{where|date=August 2022}}<ref name=":2" />
Roser was born in [[Kirchheimbolanden]], Germany, a small village close to the border with France. In 1999, he and a friend won a prize in the German youth science competition Jugend Forscht with a model of a self-navigating vacuum cleaner.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GmbH & Co |first=Im Fernsehen |date=July 3, 1999 |title=Tigerenten Club Folge 183 Jugend forscht '99 |url=https://www.fernsehserien.de/tigerenten-club/folgen/183-folge-183-697306 |language=de |access-date=August 25, 2019 |archive-date=August 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825114019/https://www.fernsehserien.de/tigerenten-club/folgen/183-folge-183-697306 |url-status=live }}</ref> ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' reported that he travelled the length of the [[Nile]] from the mouth to the source, and that he crossed the [[Himalayas]] and the [[Andes]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-140750282.html|title=Statistiken Frohe Botschaft|last=Schmundt|first=Hilmar|date=2016-01-02|newspaper=Der Spiegel|access-date=2016-02-19|volume=1|archive-date=2016-02-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207093331/http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-140750282.html|url-status=live}}{{subscription}}</ref> Roser graduated{{when|date=August 2022}} with degrees in [[Earth science|geoscience]], [[economics]], and [[philosophy]].{{where|date=August 2022}}<ref name=":2" />


==Career==
==Career==

Revision as of 18:51, 20 September 2022

Max Roser
Born1983
Kirchheimbolanden, West Germany
Academic career
FieldEconomics of income distribution, poverty, global development, global health
InstitutionNuffield College, Oxford
Oxford Martin School
InfluencesTony Atkinson, Amartya Sen, Angus Deaton, Hans Rosling
Websitewww.maxroser.com
www.ourworldindata.org

Max Roser (born 1983) is an economist and philosopher who focuses on large global problems such as poverty, disease, hunger, climate change, war, existential risks, and inequality.[1][2][3][4]

He is the founder and director of the research publication Our World in Data, and a research director in economics at the University of Oxford.[5]

Early life and education

Roser was born in Kirchheimbolanden, Germany, a small village close to the border with France. In 1999, he and a friend won a prize in the German youth science competition Jugend Forscht with a model of a self-navigating vacuum cleaner.[6] Der Spiegel reported that he travelled the length of the Nile from the mouth to the source, and that he crossed the Himalayas and the Andes.[7] Roser graduated[when?] with degrees in geoscience, economics, and philosophy.[where?][7]

Career

In 2011, he started working on Our World In Data, a scientific web publication with the goal to present "research and data to make progress against the world’s largest problems."[8] During the first years he financed his project by working as a bicycle tour guide around Europe.[9]

In 2012, Inequality and poverty researcher Tony Atkinson hired Roser at the University of Oxford where he collaborated with Piketty, Morelli, and Atkinson.[10] In 2015, he established a research team at the University of Oxford which is studying global development.[citation needed]

Our World In Data covers a wide range of aspects of development: global health, food provision, the growth and distribution of incomes, violence, rights, wars, technology, education, and environmental changes, among others. The publication makes use of data visualisations which are licensed under Creative Commons and are widely used in research, in the media, and as teaching material.[11] The publication has more than 1.5 million readers every month (November 2018).[12]

In 2019 he worked with Y Combinator on Our World in Data.[13]

Motivation

About his motivation for this work he wrote "The mission of this work has never changed: from the first days in 2011 Our World in Data focussed on the big global problems and asked how it is possible to make progress against them. The enemies of this effort were also always the same: apathy and cynicism."[citation needed] Roser has said that global poverty, inequality, existential risks, human rights abuse, and humanity's environmental impact are among the world's most severe problems.[2][14]

He is critical of the mass media's excessive focus on single events which he claims is not helpful in understanding "the long-lasting, forceful changes that reshape our world, as well as the large, long-standing problems that continue to confront us."[2][15][16] In contrast to the event-focussed reporting of the news media Roser advocates the adoption of a broader, more holistic perspective on global change:[16] This perspective means looking at inequality and a particular focus on those living in poverty. The focus on the upper classes, especially in historical perspective, is misleading since it is not exposing the hardship of those in the worst living conditions. Secondly, he advocates looking at larger trends in poverty, education, health and violence since these are slowly, but persistently changing the world and are neglected in the reporting of today's mass media.[16] In his focus on slowly evolving structural changes, and dismissal of the media's "event history", he is following the agenda of the French Annales School with their focus on the longue durée.

Cartogram by Max Roser showing the distribution of the global population. Each of the 15,266 pixels represents the home country of 500,000 people.

He is known for his research how global living conditions are changing and his visualisations of these trends.[17][18][19] He has shown that in many societies in the past a large share (over 40%) of children died.[20] Roser maintains that in many important aspects the world has made important progress in improving living conditions and documents this by visualizing the empirical evidence for these long-term trends.[21][22]

In his most-quoted text he writes "For our history to be a source of encouragement we have to know our history. The story that we tell ourselves about our history and our time matters. Because our hopes and efforts for building a better future are inextricably linked to our perception of the past it is important to understand and communicate the global development up to now. […] Freedom is impossible without faith in free people. And if we are not aware of our history and falsely believe the opposite of what is true we risk losing faith in each other."[23]

He said that there are three messages of his work: "The world is much better; The world is awful; The world can be much better" and he writes that "it is because the world is terrible still that it is so important to write about how the world became a better place."[24]

Research

Global CO2 emissions by world region since 1750 – a chart from Our World in Data

Roser's research is concerned with global problems such as poverty, climate change, child mortality and inequality and all his work is available open access.[25] In 2012 and 2016 research publications with Jesus Crespo Cuaresma he studied the history of international trade and its impact on economic inequality.[26][27] In 2017, he and Felix Pretis found that the growth rate in CO2 emission intensity exceeded the projections of all climate scenarios.[28] In October 2019 he co-authored a major study of child mortality that was published in Nature.[29] It was the first global study that mapped child death on the level of subnational district (17,554 units). The study was described as an important step to make action possible that further reduces child mortality.[30]

In 2015 research with Tony Atkinson, Brian Nolan and others he studied how the benefits from economic growth are distributed.[31][32][33]

Roser has criticized the practice of focusing on the international poverty line alone. In his research he suggests a poverty at 10.89 international-$ per day.[34] The researchers say this is the minimum level people needed to have access to basic healthcare. The reason for the low global poverty line is to focus the attention on the world's very poorest population.[35] He proposes using several different poverty lines to understand what is happening to global poverty.

In global health research he studied the impact of poverty on poor health and disease.[36] He also coauthored a textbook on global health.

His most cited article, coauthored with Hannah Ritchie and Esteban Ortiz-Ospina, is concerned with global population growth.[37]

Roser is a regular speaker at conferences where he presents empirical data on how the world is changing.[38][39] Roser regularly consults private sector companies, governments, and the United Nations on global change. He is part of the Statistical Advisory Panel of UNDP.[40] UN Secretary-General António Guterres invites him to internal retreats attended by the heads of the UN institutions to speak about his global development research.[41] Bill Gates referred to Max Roser as "one his favorite economists".[42]

Tina Rosenberg emphasised in The New York Times that Roser's work presents a "big picture that’s an important counterpoint to the constant barrage of negative world news."[citation needed] Nobel laureate Angus Deaton cites Roser in his book The Great Escape.[citation needed]

Roser's research is regularly cited in academic journals including Science,[43] Nature,[44] and The Lancet.[45][46]

Life expectancy by world region, from 1770 to 2018

Awards

In 2019, he was listed in second place among the "World’s Top 50 Thinkers" by Prospect Magazine.[47]

In 2019 Our World in Data won the Lovie Award, the European web award, "in recognition of their outstanding use of data and the internet to supply the general public with understandable data-driven research – the kind necessary to invoke social, economic, and environmental change."[48]

References

  1. ^ Rosenberg, Tina (2015-04-09). "Turning to Big, Big Data to See What Ails the World". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2015-09-07. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  2. ^ a b c "About". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2018-10-05. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  3. ^ "What does data show about the state of the world?". World Economic Forum. Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  4. ^ Roser, Max (2015-03-27). "Income inequality: poverty falling faster than ever but the 1% are racing ahead". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  5. ^ "Dr Max Roser | People". Oxford Martin School. Archived from the original on 2019-03-15. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  6. ^ GmbH & Co, Im Fernsehen (July 3, 1999). "Tigerenten Club Folge 183 Jugend forscht '99" (in German). Archived from the original on August 25, 2019. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
  7. ^ a b Schmundt, Hilmar (2016-01-02). "Statistiken Frohe Botschaft". Der Spiegel. Vol. 1. Archived from the original on 2016-02-07. Retrieved 2016-02-19.(subscription required)
  8. ^ "Our World in Data". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2020-02-22. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  9. ^ "History of Our World in Data". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2019-10-29.
  10. ^ "INET Oxford Highlights 2012-14" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  11. ^ "Media Coverage of OurWorldInData.org — Our World in Data". ourworldindata.org. Archived from the original on 2015-11-04. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  12. ^ "Ourworldindata.org Analytics - Market Share Stats & Traffic Ranking". www.similarweb.com. Archived from the original on 2018-11-07. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  13. ^ "Our World in Data is at Y Combinator". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2021-03-20. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  14. ^ "Die Menschheit war früher viel gewalttätiger". Süddeutsche Zeitung. Archived from the original on 2015-09-07. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  15. ^ "Dr Max Roser | People | Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School". www.inet.ox.ac.uk. Institute for New Economic Thinking at the Oxford Martin School. Archived from the original on 2015-09-19. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  16. ^ a b c "Data Stories #57: Visualizing Human Development with Max Roser". Data Stories. Archived from the original on 2015-09-29. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  17. ^ "Here's how many people have died in war in the last 600 years". Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2015-09-27. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  18. ^ "How Obama's optimism about the world explains his foreign policy". Vox. 2015-02-10. Archived from the original on 2015-10-10. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  19. ^ "Zbog ebole i terorizma čini nam se da je svijet užasan, ali istina je suprotna: Nikad nam nije bilo ovako dobro". Jutarnji list. Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  20. ^ "Mortality in the past – around half died as children". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  21. ^ Roser, Max (2014). "It's a cold, hard fact: our world is becoming a better place". Archived from the original on 2015-09-28. Retrieved 2015-09-27.
  22. ^ "Lowering World Poverty Depends on India". BloombergView. 2015-10-27. Archived from the original on 2016-03-21. Retrieved 2016-03-12.
  23. ^ "The short history of global living conditions and why it matters that we know it". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2019-02-28. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  24. ^ "The world is much better; The world is awful; The world can be much better". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2018-11-07. Retrieved 2018-11-07.
  25. ^ "Max Roser – Economist". www.maxroser.com. Archived from the original on 2019-10-06. Retrieved 2019-12-08.
  26. ^ Roser, Max; Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo (2016). "Why is Income Inequality Increasing in the Developed World?" (PDF). Review of Income and Wealth. 62 (1): 1–27. doi:10.1111/roiw.12153. ISSN 1475-4991. S2CID 153341589. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-21. Retrieved 2019-12-04.
  27. ^ Roser, Max; Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo (2012-07-01). "Borders Redrawn: Measuring the Statistical Creation of International Trade". Rochester, NY. SSRN 2111864. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  28. ^ Pretis, Felix; Roser, Max (2017-09-15). "Carbon dioxide emission-intensity in climate projections: Comparing the observational record to socio-economic scenarios". Energy. 135: 718–725. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.119. ISSN 0360-5442. PMC 5625523. PMID 29033490.
  29. ^ Burstein, Roy; Henry, Nathaniel J.; Collison, Michael L.; Marczak, Laurie B.; Sligar, Amber; Watson, Stefanie; Marquez, Neal; Abbasalizad-Farhangi, Mahdieh; Abbasi, Masoumeh; Abd-Allah, Foad; Abdoli, Amir (October 2019). "Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017". Nature. 574 (7778): 353–358. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..353B. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1545-0. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 6800389. PMID 31619795.
  30. ^ Bachelet, Michelle (2019-10-16). "Data on child deaths are a call for justice". Nature. 574 (7778): 297. Bibcode:2019Natur.574..297B. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03058-6. PMID 31619786.
  31. ^ Nolan, Brian; Roser, Max; Thewissen, Stefan (2019). "GDP Per Capita Versus Median Household Income: What Gives Rise to the Divergence Over Time and how does this Vary Across OECD Countries?". Review of Income and Wealth. 65 (3): 465–494. doi:10.1111/roiw.12362. ISSN 1475-4991. S2CID 158875885. Archived from the original on 2022-08-06. Retrieved 2020-09-19.
  32. ^ Smeeding, Tim; Roser, Max; Nolan, Brian; Kenworthy, Lane; Thewissen, Stefan (2018-05-15). "Rising Income Inequality and Living Standards in OECD Countries: How Does the Middle Fare?". Journal of Income Distribution. 27 (2): 1–23. ISSN 1874-6322. Archived from the original on 2019-08-24. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  33. ^ Atkinson, Hasell, Morelli, and Roser. "The Chartbook of Economic Inequality – Data on Economic Inequality over the long-run". www.chartbookofeconomicinequality.com. Archived from the original on 2019-09-20. Retrieved 2019-08-24.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  34. ^ Olivier Sterck, Max Roser, Mthuli Ncube, Stefan Thewissen. Allocation of development assistance for health: is the predominance of national income justified? Health Policy and Planning, Volume 33, Issue suppl_1, 1 February 2018, Pages i14–i23, https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw173 Archived 2022-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "How do we know the history of extreme poverty?". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2021-12-07. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  36. ^ Thewissen, Stefan; Ncube, Mthuli; Roser, Max; Sterck, Olivier (2018-02-01). "Allocation of development assistance for health: is the predominance of national income justified?". Health Policy and Planning. 33 (suppl_1): i14–i23. doi:10.1093/heapol/czw173. ISSN 0268-1080. PMC 5886300. PMID 29415236.
  37. ^ "Max Roser - Google Scholar Citations". scholar.google.com. Archived from the original on 2022-08-06. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  38. ^ "Max Roser WIRED 2015 talk: good data will make you an economic optimist (Wired UK)". Wired UK. 2015-10-15. Archived from the original on 2015-10-18. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  39. ^ "Roser Speaking – page". www.maxroser.com. Archived from the original on 2015-10-28. Retrieved 2015-10-24.
  40. ^ "| Human Development Reports". www.hdr.undp.org. Archived from the original on 2019-11-01. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
  41. ^ "The past and future of global change – Max's slides for his talk at the UN". Our World in Data. Archived from the original on 2018-11-07. Retrieved 2018-11-06.
  42. ^ @BillGates (21 April 2018). "Data nerds like me will enjoy this @planetmoney episode featuring one of my favorite economists, @MaxCRoser" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  43. ^ Nagendra, Harini; DeFries, Ruth (2017-04-21). "Ecosystem management as a wicked problem". Science. 356 (6335): 265–270. Bibcode:2017Sci...356..265D. doi:10.1126/science.aal1950. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 28428392. S2CID 11224600.
  44. ^ Topol, Eric J. (January 2019). "High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence". Nature Medicine. 25 (1): 44–56. doi:10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7. ISSN 1546-170X. PMID 30617339. S2CID 57574615.
  45. ^ Mpanju-Shumbusho, Winnie; Woo, Hyun Ju; Wegbreit, Jennifer; Tulloch, James; Staley, Kenneth; Singh, Balbir; Shanks, Dennis; Rolfe, Ben; Roh, Michelle (2019-09-21). "Malaria eradication within a generation: ambitious, achievable, and necessary". The Lancet. 394 (10203): 1056–1112. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31139-0. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31511196. S2CID 202044083. Archived from the original on 2022-08-06. Retrieved 2019-09-22.
  46. ^ Yamin, Alicia Ely; Uprimny, Rodrigo; Periago, Mirta Roses; Ooms, Gorik; Koh, Howard; Hossain, Sara; Goosby, Eric; Evans, Timothy Grant; DeLand, Katherine (2019-05-04). "The legal determinants of health: harnessing the power of law for global health and sustainable development". The Lancet. 393 (10183): 1857–1910. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30233-8. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC 7159296. PMID 31053306.
  47. ^ Prospect. "The world's top 50 thinkers 2019". Archived from the original on 2019-08-28. Retrieved 2019-08-24.
  48. ^ "Meet The 2019 Lovie Awards Special Achievement Winners". The Lovie Awards. 2019-10-07. Archived from the original on 2019-10-16. Retrieved 2019-10-29.

Work

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