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The '''R-29RMU2.1 Layner'''<ref name="slis">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/lis/S.lis|title=S: Suborbital launches (apogee 80+ km)|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref> ({{lang-ru|Р-29РМУ2.1 "Лайнер"}} meaning ''Liner'') is a Russian [[Liquid fuels|liquid-fuelled]] [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] (SLBM) and the newest member of the [[R-29 (missile)|R-29]] missile family, developed by the [[Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau]] and produced by the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant.<ref name=Lenta1082011/> Derived from the [[R-29RMU Sineva|R-29RMU2 Sineva]] SLBM, the Layner can carry twelve nuclear warheads, three times as many as Sineva. It was expected to enter service with the [[Russian Navy]]'s [[Delta IV class submarine]]s after a successful test programme that spanned from May to September 2011. The Russian Navy confirmed in 2014 that the system was now in use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/news/2014/04/02/liner/|title=Lenta.ru: Оружие: Вооружение: Россия вооружилась баллистической ракетой "Лайнер"|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>
The '''R-29RMU2.1 Layner'''<ref name="slis">{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/lvdb/lis/S.lis|title=S: Suborbital launches (apogee 80+ km)|first=Jonathan|last=McDowell|work=Jonathan's Space Page|access-date=2 January 2012}}</ref> ({{lang-ru|Р-29РМУ2.1 "Лайнер"}} meaning ''Liner'') is a Russian [[Liquid fuels|liquid-fuelled]] [[submarine-launched ballistic missile]] (SLBM) and the newest member of the [[R-29 (missile)|R-29]] missile family, developed by the [[Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau]] and produced by the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant.<ref name=Lenta1082011/> Derived from the [[R-29RMU Sineva|R-29RMU2 Sineva]] SLBM, the Layner can carry twelve nuclear warheads, three times as many as Sineva. It was expected to enter service with the [[Russian Navy]]'s [[Delta IV-class submarine]]s after a successful test programme that spanned from May to September 2011. The Russian Navy confirmed in 2014 that the system was now in use.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/news/2014/04/02/liner/|title=Lenta.ru: Оружие: Вооружение: Россия вооружилась баллистической ракетой "Лайнер"|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>


==History and design==
==History and design==
On 9 August 2011, the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defense]] disclosed the details of the Layner SLBM, whose first launch occurred on 20 May earlier that year.<ref name=Lenta1082011>{{cite news |script-title=ru:Внезапный "Лайнер" |trans-title=Sudden "Liner" |url=http://lenta.ru/articles/2011/08/10/liner/ |language=ru |newspaper=[[Lenta.Ru]] |publisher=Lenta.ru |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New Russian Missile Blows Away Competition |url=http://www.ocnus.net/artman2/publish/Defence_Arms_13/New-Russian-Missile-Blows-Away-Competition.shtml |newspaper=[[RT (TV network)|RT]] |publisher=Ocnus.net |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The authorities originally claimed the launch to be of a Sineva missile, but on 23 May 2011 it was revealed that the missile fired was actually the Layner.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/05/what_is_liner_slbm.shtml |title=What is Liner SLBM? |date=23 May 2011 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |publisher=Russianforces.org |access-date=12 February 2012|last1=Podvig |first1=Pavel }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=ru:В России создана ракета в два раза мощнее "Булавы" |trans-title=In Russia, the launcher twice as powerful "Bulava" |language=ru |url=http://lenta.ru/news/2011/08/09/liner/ |newspaper=[[Lenta.Ru]] |publisher=Lenta.ru |date=9 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The successful firing, aimed at the [[Kura Test Range]], was conducted from the submarine [[Russian submarine K-84 Ekaterinburg|K-84 ''Ekaterinburg'']].<ref name=Lenta1082011/><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/05/another_sineva_launch_from_eka.shtml |title=Another Sineva launch from Ekaterinburg submarine |date=20 May 2011 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |publisher=Russianforces.org |access-date=12 February 2012|last1=Podvig |first1=Pavel }}</ref>
On 9 August 2011, the [[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Ministry of Defense]] disclosed the details of the Layner SLBM, whose first launch occurred on 20 May earlier that year.<ref name=Lenta1082011>{{cite news |script-title=ru:Внезапный "Лайнер" |trans-title=Sudden "Liner" |url=http://lenta.ru/articles/2011/08/10/liner/ |language=ru |newspaper=[[Lenta.Ru]] |publisher=Lenta.ru |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New Russian Missile Blows Away Competition |url=http://www.ocnus.net/artman2/publish/Defence_Arms_13/New-Russian-Missile-Blows-Away-Competition.shtml |newspaper=[[RT (TV network)|RT]] |publisher=Ocnus.net |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The authorities originally claimed the launch to be of a Sineva missile, but on 23 May 2011 it was revealed that the missile fired was actually the Layner.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/05/what_is_liner_slbm.shtml |title=What is Liner SLBM? |date=23 May 2011 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |publisher=Russianforces.org |access-date=12 February 2012|last1=Podvig |first1=Pavel }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |script-title=ru:В России создана ракета в два раза мощнее "Булавы" |trans-title=In Russia, the launcher twice as powerful "Bulava" |language=ru |url=http://lenta.ru/news/2011/08/09/liner/ |newspaper=[[Lenta.Ru]] |publisher=Lenta.ru |date=9 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The successful firing, aimed at the [[Kura Test Range]], was conducted from the submarine [[Russian submarine K-84 Ekaterinburg|K-84 ''Ekaterinburg'']].<ref name=Lenta1082011/><ref>{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2011/05/another_sineva_launch_from_eka.shtml |title=Another Sineva launch from Ekaterinburg submarine |date=20 May 2011 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |publisher=Russianforces.org |access-date=12 February 2012|last1=Podvig |first1=Pavel }}</ref>


[[File:RIAN archive 895550 Drills for nuclear submarine crews at training center in Murmansk Region.jpg|thumb|left|[[Russian submarine K-114 Tula|K-114 ''Tula'']], one of the seven [[Delta IV class submarine]]s of the Russian Navy, launched the second Layner in September 2011.|alt=Submarine docked in pier in snow-covered landscape.]]
[[File:RIAN archive 895550 Drills for nuclear submarine crews at training center in Murmansk Region.jpg|thumb|left|[[Russian submarine K-114 Tula|K-114 ''Tula'']], one of the seven [[Delta IV-class submarine]]s of the Russian Navy, launched the second Layner in September 2011.|alt=Submarine docked in pier in snow-covered landscape.]]


The second launch of the Layner missile took place on 29 September 2011 from the submarine [[Russian submarine K-114 Tula|K-114 ''Tula'']] in the [[Barents Sea]] aimed at the Kura Test Range.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ru:Минобороны успешно запустило новую баллистическую ракету |trans-title=Ministry of Defense has successfully launched a new ballistic missile |language=ru |url=http://lenta.ru/news/2011/09/29/liner/ |newspaper=[[Lenta.Ru]] |publisher=Lenta.ru |date=29 September 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia successfully tests new strategic missile |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-09/30/c_131168428.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002185227/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-09/30/c_131168428.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2011 |newspaper=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |publisher=News.cn |date=30 September 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> Following the second successful Layner test, the Russian Navy decided to accept the missile into active service to augment the [[RSM-56 Bulava]] missile and improve the future viability of the Delta IV class submarines until at least 2030.<ref>{{cite news |title=Liner missile to enter Russia Navy |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/10/21/59100320.html |newspaper=[[Voice of Russia]] |publisher=Ruvr.ru |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=Rusnavy>{{cite news |title=Liner missile won't substitute Bulava – source |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=12673 |newspaper=[[RIA Novosti]] |publisher=Rusnavy.com |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> Development work on the missile was completed by late February 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Finished Development of SLBM Liner |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14406 |publisher=Rusnavy.com |date=24 February 2011 |access-date=25 February 2012}}</ref> Missile was recommended by the State Commission for adoption as of December 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.makeyev.ru/infores/news/623|title=ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости.|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> Missile weapons complex D-29RMU2.1 with missile R-29RMU2.1 accepted for service by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.makeyev.ru/infores/news/786|title=ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости.|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>
The second launch of the Layner missile took place on 29 September 2011 from the submarine [[Russian submarine K-114 Tula|K-114 ''Tula'']] in the [[Barents Sea]] aimed at the Kura Test Range.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ru:Минобороны успешно запустило новую баллистическую ракету |trans-title=Ministry of Defense has successfully launched a new ballistic missile |language=ru |url=http://lenta.ru/news/2011/09/29/liner/ |newspaper=[[Lenta.Ru]] |publisher=Lenta.ru |date=29 September 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Russia successfully tests new strategic missile |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-09/30/c_131168428.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002185227/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/world/2011-09/30/c_131168428.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2 October 2011 |newspaper=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |publisher=News.cn |date=30 September 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> Following the second successful Layner test, the Russian Navy decided to accept the missile into active service to augment the [[RSM-56 Bulava]] missile and improve the future viability of the Delta IV-class submarines until at least 2030.<ref>{{cite news |title=Liner missile to enter Russia Navy |url=http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/10/21/59100320.html |newspaper=[[Voice of Russia]] |publisher=Ruvr.ru |date=21 October 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref><ref name=Rusnavy>{{cite news |title=Liner missile won't substitute Bulava – source |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/newsofday/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=12673 |newspaper=[[RIA Novosti]] |publisher=Rusnavy.com |date=10 August 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> Development work on the missile was completed by late February 2012.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia Finished Development of SLBM Liner |url=http://rusnavy.com/news/navy/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=14406 |publisher=Rusnavy.com |date=24 February 2011 |access-date=25 February 2012}}</ref> Missile was recommended by the State Commission for adoption as of December 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.makeyev.ru/infores/news/623|title=ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости.|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref> Missile weapons complex D-29RMU2.1 with missile R-29RMU2.1 accepted for service by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in January 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.makeyev.ru/infores/news/786|title=ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости.|access-date=23 December 2014}}</ref>


The Layner missile is a highly advanced derivative of the three-stage liquid-propelled R-29RMU2 Sineva SLBM, which was accepted into service in 2007.<ref name=Lenta1082011/> While many technical details are not disclosed, it is known that the missile is capable of carrying up to twelve low-[[Nuclear weapon yield|yield]] [[nuclear warhead]]s called [[MIRV]]s capable of striking several targets individually.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} This is twice the number of warheads the solid-propellant RSM-56 Bulava SLBM can carry, and, unlike those of the Sineva SLBM, these warheads can be of a mixed set with various yields.<ref name=Rusnavy/> While it shares flight characteristics with the Sineva, the Layner is equipped with improved [[Anti-ballistic missile defense countermeasures|systems to overcome]] anti-ballistic missile shields.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ru:"Лайнер" пойдет в тираж |trans-title="Liner" will enter service |url=http://interfax.ru/politics/txt.asp?id=210987&sw=%EB%E0%E9%ED%E5%F0&bd=6&bm=9&by=2011&ed=6&em=10&ey=2011&secid=0&mp=2&p=1 |language=ru |newspaper=[[Interfax]] |publisher=Interfax.ru |date=6 October 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The missile can carry twelve low-yield warheads without [[penetration aid]]s, ten low-yield warheads with penetration aids, eight low-yield warheads with enhanced penetration aids, or four medium-yield warheads with penetration aids.<ref name="vpk.name"/>
The Layner missile is a highly advanced derivative of the three-stage liquid-propelled R-29RMU2 Sineva SLBM, which was accepted into service in 2007.<ref name=Lenta1082011/> While many technical details are not disclosed, it is known that the missile is capable of carrying up to twelve low-[[Nuclear weapon yield|yield]] [[nuclear warhead]]s called [[MIRV]]s capable of striking several targets individually.{{Citation needed|date=December 2020}} This is twice the number of warheads the solid-propellant RSM-56 Bulava SLBM can carry, and, unlike those of the Sineva SLBM, these warheads can be of a mixed set with various yields.<ref name=Rusnavy/> While it shares flight characteristics with the Sineva, the Layner is equipped with improved [[Anti-ballistic missile defense countermeasures|systems to overcome]] anti-ballistic missile shields.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=ru:"Лайнер" пойдет в тираж |trans-title="Liner" will enter service |url=http://interfax.ru/politics/txt.asp?id=210987&sw=%EB%E0%E9%ED%E5%F0&bd=6&bm=9&by=2011&ed=6&em=10&ey=2011&secid=0&mp=2&p=1 |language=ru |newspaper=[[Interfax]] |publisher=Interfax.ru |date=6 October 2011 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref> The missile can carry twelve low-yield warheads without [[penetration aid]]s, ten low-yield warheads with penetration aids, eight low-yield warheads with enhanced penetration aids, or four medium-yield warheads with penetration aids.<ref name="vpk.name"/>

Revision as of 13:52, 22 September 2022

R-29RMU2.1 Laynar
TypeSLBM
Place of originRussia
Service history
In service2014–present
Used byRussian Navy
Production history
DesignerMakeyev Rocket Design Bureau
ManufacturerKrasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant
Specifications
Mass40 tons
Length15 m
Diameter1.9 m
Warhead4 × 500kt or 12 × 100kt multiple thermonuclear warheads[1]
EngineThree-stage liquid-propellant rocket
Operational
range
8,300-12,000 km[citation needed]
Guidance
system
Astroinertial with GLONASS

The R-29RMU2.1 Layner[2] (Template:Lang-ru meaning Liner) is a Russian liquid-fuelled submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) and the newest member of the R-29 missile family, developed by the Makeyev Rocket Design Bureau and produced by the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant.[3] Derived from the R-29RMU2 Sineva SLBM, the Layner can carry twelve nuclear warheads, three times as many as Sineva. It was expected to enter service with the Russian Navy's Delta IV-class submarines after a successful test programme that spanned from May to September 2011. The Russian Navy confirmed in 2014 that the system was now in use.[4]

History and design

On 9 August 2011, the Russian Ministry of Defense disclosed the details of the Layner SLBM, whose first launch occurred on 20 May earlier that year.[3][5] The authorities originally claimed the launch to be of a Sineva missile, but on 23 May 2011 it was revealed that the missile fired was actually the Layner.[6][7] The successful firing, aimed at the Kura Test Range, was conducted from the submarine K-84 Ekaterinburg.[3][8]

Submarine docked in pier in snow-covered landscape.
K-114 Tula, one of the seven Delta IV-class submarines of the Russian Navy, launched the second Layner in September 2011.

The second launch of the Layner missile took place on 29 September 2011 from the submarine K-114 Tula in the Barents Sea aimed at the Kura Test Range.[9][10] Following the second successful Layner test, the Russian Navy decided to accept the missile into active service to augment the RSM-56 Bulava missile and improve the future viability of the Delta IV-class submarines until at least 2030.[11][12] Development work on the missile was completed by late February 2012.[13] Missile was recommended by the State Commission for adoption as of December 2012.[14] Missile weapons complex D-29RMU2.1 with missile R-29RMU2.1 accepted for service by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in January 2014.[15]

The Layner missile is a highly advanced derivative of the three-stage liquid-propelled R-29RMU2 Sineva SLBM, which was accepted into service in 2007.[3] While many technical details are not disclosed, it is known that the missile is capable of carrying up to twelve low-yield nuclear warheads called MIRVs capable of striking several targets individually.[citation needed] This is twice the number of warheads the solid-propellant RSM-56 Bulava SLBM can carry, and, unlike those of the Sineva SLBM, these warheads can be of a mixed set with various yields.[12] While it shares flight characteristics with the Sineva, the Layner is equipped with improved systems to overcome anti-ballistic missile shields.[16] The missile can carry twelve low-yield warheads without penetration aids, ten low-yield warheads with penetration aids, eight low-yield warheads with enhanced penetration aids, or four medium-yield warheads with penetration aids.[1]

Operators

 Russia

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "R-29RMU2.1 Liner" (in Russian). Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  2. ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "S: Suborbital launches (apogee 80+ km)". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 2 January 2012.
  3. ^ a b c d Внезапный "Лайнер" [Sudden "Liner"]. Lenta.Ru (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  4. ^ "Lenta.ru: Оружие: Вооружение: Россия вооружилась баллистической ракетой "Лайнер"". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  5. ^ "New Russian Missile Blows Away Competition". RT. Ocnus.net. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  6. ^ Podvig, Pavel (23 May 2011). "What is Liner SLBM?". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Russianforces.org. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  7. ^ В России создана ракета в два раза мощнее "Булавы" [In Russia, the launcher twice as powerful "Bulava"]. Lenta.Ru (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  8. ^ Podvig, Pavel (20 May 2011). "Another Sineva launch from Ekaterinburg submarine". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Russianforces.org. Retrieved 12 February 2012.
  9. ^ Минобороны успешно запустило новую баллистическую ракету [Ministry of Defense has successfully launched a new ballistic missile]. Lenta.Ru (in Russian). Lenta.ru. 29 September 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  10. ^ "Russia successfully tests new strategic missile". Xinhua News Agency. News.cn. 30 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 October 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  11. ^ "Liner missile to enter Russia Navy". Voice of Russia. Ruvr.ru. 21 October 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  12. ^ a b "Liner missile won't substitute Bulava – source". RIA Novosti. Rusnavy.com. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.
  13. ^ "Russia Finished Development of SLBM Liner". Rusnavy.com. 24 February 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
  14. ^ "ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  15. ^ "ОАО "ГРЦ Макеева". Информационный ресурс. Новости". Retrieved 23 December 2014.
  16. ^ "Лайнер" пойдет в тираж ["Liner" will enter service]. Interfax (in Russian). Interfax.ru. 6 October 2011. Retrieved 10 February 2012.

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