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{{Short description|Polish-American cell biologist (1936–2021)}}
{{Short description|Polish-American cell biologist (1936–2021)}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Cleanup bare URLs|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox scientist
⚫
'''Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz''' (born 1936 in [[Dzisna]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.darzynkiewicz.com/zbigniew/|title = Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Home Page}}</ref> &ndash; 28 February 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - In Memoriam Dr. Darzynkiewicz|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/events/KF-News/in-memoriam-dr-darzynkiewicz/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.thekf.org}}</ref> was a Polish-American [[cell biology|cell biologist]] active in [[cancer research]] and in developing new methodologies in [[flow cytometry]].<ref name=Demidenko2004>{{cite journal|last1=Demidenko|first1=ZN|last2=Studzinski|first2=GP|last3=Blagosklonny|first3=MV|title=From cytometry to cell cycle: a portrait of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz.|journal=Cell Cycle|date=May 2004|volume=3|issue=5|pages=525–8|pmid=15107608|doi=10.4161/cc.3.5.866|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/researchcenters/media/darz/zdportrait.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=PurdueCyto>{{cite news|title=Cytometry in Service of Cell Biology and Cancer Research|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/cytometryhistory/individualhistories/darzynkiewicz.html|access-date=17 July 2017|work=Purdue Cytometry Volume 10}}</ref>
| name = Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz
| birth_name = Zbigiew Dierzykraj Darżynkiewicz
| birth_date = May 12, 1936
| birth_place = Dzisna ([[Wilno Land]]), Poland
| death_date = February 28, 2021
| citizenship = American
| alma_mater = Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| thesis_title = Studies of the Mechanism of Teratogenic Action of Insulin on Chicken Embryo.
| known_for = development of cytometry methods for single-cell analysis
| influences = Myron Melamed
| awards = Distinguished Service Award, International Society for Analytical Cytology (ISAC)
}}
⚫
'''Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz''' (born 1936 in Dzisna ([[Wilno Land]]), Poland<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.darzynkiewicz.com/zbigniew/|title = Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Home Page}}</ref> &ndash; 28 February 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - In Memoriam Dr. Darzynkiewicz|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/events/KF-News/in-memoriam-dr-darzynkiewicz/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.thekf.org}}</ref> was a Polish-American [[cell biology|cell biologist]] active in [[cancer research]] and in developing new methodologies in [[flow cytometry]].<ref name="Demidenko2004">{{cite journal|last1=Demidenko|first1=ZN|last2=Studzinski|first2=GP|last3=Blagosklonny|first3=MV|title=From cytometry to cell cycle: a portrait of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz.|journal=Cell Cycle|date=May 2004|volume=3|issue=5|pages=525–8|pmid=15107608|doi=10.4161/cc.3.5.866|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/researchcenters/media/darz/zdportrait.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="PurdueCyto">{{cite news|title=Cytometry in Service of Cell Biology and Cancer Research|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/cytometryhistory/individualhistories/darzynkiewicz.html|access-date=17 July 2017|work=Purdue Cytometry Volume 10}}</ref>


== Education ==
⚫
Darzynkiewicz was a professor in the Department of Pathology, & Department of Medicine at [[New York Medical College]] – a member of the [[Touro College and University System]], and the director of its Brander Cancer Research Institute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nymc.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/brander-cancer-research-institute/ |title=Brander Cancer Research Institute : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |publisher=New York Medical College |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nymc.edu/faculty/directory/by-name/darzynkiewicz-zbigniew |title=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |publisher=New York Medical College |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
From 1945 to 1949, Darzynkiewicz attended a primary school in [[Dzierżoniów]], Poland. His high school years (1949–1953) were spent in Skarżysko, Poland. He earned his M.D. from the [[Medical University of Warsaw]], Poland (1953–1960). In 1966, the Faculty Council of the Medical University of Warsaw granted him the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences (equivalent to a Ph.D.). He completed his graduate work at the [[University at Buffalo|State University of New York at Buffalo]] and the [[Karolinska Institute]] in Stockholm, Sweden<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cram |first=L. Scott |last2=Dobrucki |first2=Jurek W. |last3=Holden |first3=Elena |last4=Jacobberger |first4=James W. |last5=Robinson |first5=J. Paul |last6=Smith |first6=Paul J. |last7=Staiano‐Coico |first7=Lisa |last8=Tarnok |first8=Attila |date=June 2021 |title=In memoriam professor Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz ‐ Cytometry pathfinder 1936–2021 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24357 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=550–556 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24357 |issn=1552-4922}}</ref>.


== Career ==
⚫
From 1985 to 1990, he was member of the [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]] and professor at [[Weill Cornell Medical College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-7081|title=ORCID}}</ref> His professional affiliations include member (foreign) of the [[Polish Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://czlonkowie.pan.pl/czlonkowie/sites/Wydzial.html?typ=3&department=5 |title=Członkowie Polskiej Akademii Nauk |trans-title=Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences |language=pl | access-date=15 July 2017}}</ref> and of the [[Polish Academy of Learning]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pau.krakow.pl/index.php/en/struktura/czlonkowie-pau/czlonkowie-wydzialu-v-lekarskiego?highlight=WyJjemxvbmtvd2llIl0= |title=Polska Akademia Umiejętności - Członkowie Wydziału V Lekarskiego |publisher=Polska Akademia Umiejętności |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> He was a Fellow of the [[American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aimbe.org/college-of-fellows/cof-1162/ |title=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. COF-1162 |publisher=AIMBE |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> previously (1986-1987) serving as president of the Cell Cycle Society and (1993–1994) as president of the International Society for Advancement of [[Cytometry]].<ref>http://isac-net.org/About/Our-History.aspx</ref><ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-society-for-advancement-of-cytometry {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}}</ref> He was Editor-in-Chief of the Open Medicine,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/med/med-overview.xml|title=Open Medicine}}</ref> a founding member of the [[Kosciuszko Foundation]] Collegium of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/programs/eminentscientists/|title=EMINENT SCIENTISTS OF POLISH ORIGIN AND ANCESTRY|website=Thekf.org|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> and a trustee of the [[Kosciuszko Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/about/BoardofTrustees/|title=BOARD OF TRUSTEES|website=Thekf.org|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> From 1986 to 1999 he was an advisory board member to The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation, which annually awarded the [[Jurzykowski Prize]].<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 25776649|title = The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation Prizes|journal = The Polish Review|volume = 11|issue = 1|pages = 121–128|year = 1966}}</ref>
Since 1972, the National Institutes of Health, including the prestigious MERIT award, have provided continuous funding for his research. In addition to receiving a NASA grant to develop cell analysis technologies applicable to the microgravity conditions of the International Space Station, he was also supported by a number of private cancer research foundations. In 1986-87, he served as president of the Cell Kinetics Society, and in 1993-94, he led the International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC).


⚫
Darzynkiewicz was a professor in the Department of Pathology & the Department of Medicine at [[New York Medical College]] – a member of the [[Touro College and University System]] and the director of its Brander Cancer Research Institute.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nymc.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/brander-cancer-research-institute/ |title=Brander Cancer Research Institute : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |publisher=New York Medical College |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nymc.edu/faculty/directory/by-name/darzynkiewicz-zbigniew |title=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |publisher=New York Medical College |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>
⚫
Darzynkiewicz was the recipient of an honorary degree from [[Medical University of Warsaw]] in Poland,<ref>https://www.wum.edu.pl/2014-06-26-profesor-zbigniew-darzynkiewicz-doktorem-honoris-causa-naszej-uczelni</ref><ref>Poczet Doktoratow Honoris Causa. Ewa Skrzypek, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, second edition,2016.</ref> the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Award from the [[Jozef Pilsudski Institute in America]]<ref>http://www.pilsudski.org/data/CaseStatement.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> and the [[Casimir Funk]] Award from the [[Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.piasa.org/prominentmembers.html |title=PIASA Prominent Members - Past And Present |website=Piasa.org |access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref>

From 1985 to 1990, he was a member of the [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center]] and a professor at [[Weill Cornell Medical College]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2040-7081|title=ORCID}}</ref>

Darzynkiewicz has published over 780 peer-reviewed articles, has edited, co-edited, and co-authored 15 books, and was granted eight US patents<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US4559309A|title=Flow cytometry-fluorescence measurements for characterizing sperm|gdate=1985-12-17|invent1=Evenson|invent2=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Donald P.|inventor2-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4559309A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US4801550A|title=Method for separating and analyzing nucleic acids|gdate=1989-01-31|invent1=Kapuscinski|invent2=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Jan|inventor2-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4801550A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US5747258A|title=Detection of halogenated precursors incorporated into DNA|gdate=1998-05-05|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Li|invent3=Traganos|invent4=Melamed|inventor1-first=Zbigniew D.|inventor2-first=Xun|inventor3-first=Frank N.|inventor4-first=Myron R.|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5747258A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US5912126A|title=Methods for labeling DNA ends with halogenated nucleotides and detecting same with antibodies|gdate=1999-06-15|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Li|invent3=Traganos|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Xun|inventor3-first=Frank|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5912126A/en/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6417343B1|title=Physical separation of nucleic acids by antibodies to halogenated nucleotides|gdate=2002-07-09|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6417343B1/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6821740B2|title=Flow cytometric methods for the concurrent detection of discrete functional conformations of PRB in single cells|gdate=2004-11-23|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|invent4=Gruenwald|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|inventor4-first=Stefan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6821740B2/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7070943B2|title=Detection of protein conformations in single cells|gdate=2006-07-04|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|invent4=Gruenwald|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|inventor4-first=Stefan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7070943B2/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7662565B2|title=Approaches to identify less harmful tobacco and tobacco products|gdate=2010-02-16|invent1=Albino|invent2=Jorgensen|invent3=Traganos|invent4=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Anthony P.|inventor2-first=Ellen D.|inventor3-first=Frank|inventor4-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7662565B2/en}}</ref>.

== Honors ==
⚫
His professional affiliations include member (foreign) of the [[Polish Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://czlonkowie.pan.pl/czlonkowie/sites/Wydzial.html?typ=3&department=5 |title=Członkowie Polskiej Akademii Nauk |trans-title=Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences |language=pl | access-date=15 July 2017}}</ref> and of the [[Polish Academy of Learning]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pau.krakow.pl/index.php/en/struktura/czlonkowie-pau/czlonkowie-wydzialu-v-lekarskiego?highlight=WyJjemxvbmtvd2llIl0= |title=Polska Akademia Umiejętności - Członkowie Wydziału V Lekarskiego |publisher=Polska Akademia Umiejętności |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> He was a Fellow of the [[American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aimbe.org/college-of-fellows/cof-1162/ |title=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. COF-1162 |publisher=AIMBE |access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref> previously (1986-1987), serving as president of the Cell Cycle Society and (1993–1994) as president of the International Society for Advancement of [[Cytometry]].<ref>http://isac-net.org/About/Our-History.aspx</ref><ref>https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-society-for-advancement-of-cytometry {{Self-published source|date=June 2022}}</ref> He was Editor-in-Chief of the Open Medicine,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.degruyter.com/view/journals/med/med-overview.xml|title=Open Medicine}}</ref> a founding member of the [[Kosciuszko Foundation]] Collegium of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/programs/eminentscientists/|title=EMINENT SCIENTISTS OF POLISH ORIGIN AND ANCESTRY|website=Thekf.org|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> and a trustee of the [[Kosciuszko Foundation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/about/BoardofTrustees/|title=BOARD OF TRUSTEES|website=Thekf.org|access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref> From 1986 to 1999, he was an advisory board member of The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation, which annually awarded the [[Jurzykowski Prize]].<ref>{{Cite journal |jstor = 25776649|title = The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation Prizes|journal = The Polish Review|volume = 11|issue = 1|pages = 121–128|year = 1966}}</ref>

⚫
Darzynkiewicz was the recipient of an honorary degree from the [[Medical University of Warsaw]] in Poland,<ref>https://www.wum.edu.pl/2014-06-26-profesor-zbigniew-darzynkiewicz-doktorem-honoris-causa-naszej-uczelni</ref><ref>Poczet Doktoratow Honoris Causa. Ewa Skrzypek, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, second edition,2016.</ref> the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Award from the [[Jozef Pilsudski Institute in America]]<ref>http://www.pilsudski.org/data/CaseStatement.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> and the [[Casimir Funk]] Award from the [[Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.piasa.org/prominentmembers.html |title=PIASA Prominent Members - Past And Present |website=Piasa.org |access-date=2017-07-16}}</ref>

== External links ==
{{Google Scholar ID|id=olM19WIAAAAJ&hl|name=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz}}.


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 01:15, 3 October 2022

Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz
Born
Zbigiew Dierzykraj Darżynkiewicz

May 12, 1936
Dzisna (Wilno Land), Poland
DiedFebruary 28, 2021
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materMedical University of Warsaw, Poland
Known fordevelopment of cytometry methods for single-cell analysis
AwardsDistinguished Service Award, International Society for Analytical Cytology (ISAC)
Scientific career
Thesis Studies of the Mechanism of Teratogenic Action of Insulin on Chicken Embryo.

Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz (born 1936 in Dzisna (Wilno Land), Poland[1] – 28 February 2021)[2] was a Polish-American cell biologist active in cancer research and in developing new methodologies in flow cytometry.[3][4]

Education

From 1945 to 1949, Darzynkiewicz attended a primary school in Dzierżoniów, Poland. His high school years (1949–1953) were spent in Skarżysko, Poland. He earned his M.D. from the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (1953–1960). In 1966, the Faculty Council of the Medical University of Warsaw granted him the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences (equivalent to a Ph.D.). He completed his graduate work at the State University of New York at Buffalo and the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden[1][5].

Career

Since 1972, the National Institutes of Health, including the prestigious MERIT award, have provided continuous funding for his research. In addition to receiving a NASA grant to develop cell analysis technologies applicable to the microgravity conditions of the International Space Station, he was also supported by a number of private cancer research foundations. In 1986-87, he served as president of the Cell Kinetics Society, and in 1993-94, he led the International Society for the Advancement of Cytometry (ISAC).

Darzynkiewicz was a professor in the Department of Pathology & the Department of Medicine at New York Medical College – a member of the Touro College and University System and the director of its Brander Cancer Research Institute.[6][7]

From 1985 to 1990, he was a member of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and a professor at Weill Cornell Medical College.[8]

Darzynkiewicz has published over 780 peer-reviewed articles, has edited, co-edited, and co-authored 15 books, and was granted eight US patents[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].

Honors

His professional affiliations include member (foreign) of the Polish Academy of Sciences.[17] and of the Polish Academy of Learning.[18] He was a Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering[19] previously (1986-1987), serving as president of the Cell Cycle Society and (1993–1994) as president of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.[20][21] He was Editor-in-Chief of the Open Medicine,[22] a founding member of the Kosciuszko Foundation Collegium of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry[23] and a trustee of the Kosciuszko Foundation.[24] From 1986 to 1999, he was an advisory board member of The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation, which annually awarded the Jurzykowski Prize.[25]

Darzynkiewicz was the recipient of an honorary degree from the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland,[26][27] the Maria Sklodowska-Curie Award from the Jozef Pilsudski Institute in America[28] and the Casimir Funk Award from the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America.[29]

Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz publications indexed by Google Scholar.

References

  1. ^ a b "Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Home Page".
  2. ^ "Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - In Memoriam Dr. Darzynkiewicz". www.thekf.org. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  3. ^ Demidenko, ZN; Studzinski, GP; Blagosklonny, MV (May 2004). "From cytometry to cell cycle: a portrait of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz" (PDF). Cell Cycle. 3 (5): 525–8. doi:10.4161/cc.3.5.866. PMID 15107608.
  4. ^ "Cytometry in Service of Cell Biology and Cancer Research". Purdue Cytometry Volume 10. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. ^ Cram, L. Scott; Dobrucki, Jurek W.; Holden, Elena; Jacobberger, James W.; Robinson, J. Paul; Smith, Paul J.; Staiano‐Coico, Lisa; Tarnok, Attila (June 2021). "In memoriam professor Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz ‐ Cytometry pathfinder 1936–2021". Cytometry Part A. 99 (6): 550–556. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24357. ISSN 1552-4922.
  6. ^ "Brander Cancer Research Institute : New York Medical College | Touro College". New York Medical College. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  7. ^ "Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. : New York Medical College | Touro College". New York Medical College. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  8. ^ "ORCID".
  9. ^ US4559309A, Evenson, Donald P. & Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew, "Flow cytometry-fluorescence measurements for characterizing sperm", issued 1985-12-17 
  10. ^ US4801550A, Kapuscinski, Jan & Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew, "Method for separating and analyzing nucleic acids", issued 1989-01-31 
  11. ^ US5747258A, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew D.; Li, Xun & Traganos, Frank N. et al., "Detection of halogenated precursors incorporated into DNA", issued 1998-05-05 
  12. ^ US5912126A, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Li, Xun & Traganos, Frank, "Methods for labeling DNA ends with halogenated nucleotides and detecting same with antibodies", issued 1999-06-15 
  13. ^ US6417343B1, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Traganos, Frank & Juan, Gloria, "Physical separation of nucleic acids by antibodies to halogenated nucleotides", issued 2002-07-09 
  14. ^ US6821740B2, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Traganos, Frank & Juan, Gloria et al., "Flow cytometric methods for the concurrent detection of discrete functional conformations of PRB in single cells", issued 2004-11-23 
  15. ^ US7070943B2, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Traganos, Frank & Juan, Gloria et al., "Detection of protein conformations in single cells", issued 2006-07-04 
  16. ^ US7662565B2, Albino, Anthony P.; Jorgensen, Ellen D. & Traganos, Frank et al., "Approaches to identify less harmful tobacco and tobacco products", issued 2010-02-16 
  17. ^ "Członkowie Polskiej Akademii Nauk" [Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences] (in Polish). Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  18. ^ "Polska Akademia Umiejętności - Członkowie Wydziału V Lekarskiego". Polska Akademia Umiejętności. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  19. ^ "Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. COF-1162". AIMBE. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  20. ^ http://isac-net.org/About/Our-History.aspx
  21. ^ https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-society-for-advancement-of-cytometry [self-published source]
  22. ^ "Open Medicine".
  23. ^ "EMINENT SCIENTISTS OF POLISH ORIGIN AND ANCESTRY". Thekf.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  24. ^ "BOARD OF TRUSTEES". Thekf.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  25. ^ "The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation Prizes". The Polish Review. 11 (1): 121–128. 1966. JSTOR 25776649.
  26. ^ https://www.wum.edu.pl/2014-06-26-profesor-zbigniew-darzynkiewicz-doktorem-honoris-causa-naszej-uczelni
  27. ^ Poczet Doktoratow Honoris Causa. Ewa Skrzypek, Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny, second edition,2016.
  28. ^ http://www.pilsudski.org/data/CaseStatement.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  29. ^ "PIASA Prominent Members - Past And Present". Piasa.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
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