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| children = Richard B. Darzynkiewicz, Robert J. Darzynkiewicz
| children = Richard B. Darzynkiewicz, Robert J. Darzynkiewicz
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'''Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz''' ({{ORCID|orcid=0000-0002-2040-7081}}) (born May 12, 1936, in Dzisna, [[Wilno Land]], Poland<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.darzynkiewicz.com/zbigniew/|title = Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Home Page}}</ref> &ndash; 28 February 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - In Memoriam Dr. Darzynkiewicz|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/events/KF-News/in-memoriam-dr-darzynkiewicz/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.thekf.org}}</ref> was a Polish-American [[cell biology|cell biologist]] active in [[cancer research]] and in developing new methods for [[flow cytometry]].<ref name="Demidenko2004">{{cite journal|last1=Demidenko|first1=ZN|last2=Studzinski|first2=GP|last3=Blagosklonny|first3=MV|title=From cytometry to cell cycle: a portrait of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz.|journal=Cell Cycle|date=May 2004|volume=3|issue=5|pages=525–8|pmid=15107608|doi=10.4161/cc.3.5.866|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/researchcenters/media/darz/zdportrait.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="PurdueCyto">{{cite news|title=Cytometry in Service of Cell Biology and Cancer Research|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/cytometryhistory/individualhistories/darzynkiewicz.html|access-date=17 July 2017|work=Purdue Cytometry Volume 10}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Darzynkiewicz |first=Zbigniew |date=June 2020 |year=2020 |title=40 Years of My Venture with CYTOMETRY |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24043 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=557–562 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24043 |issn=1552-4922}}</ref>
'''Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz''' ({{ORCID|orcid=0000-0002-2040-7081}}) (born May 12, 1936, in Dzisna, [[Wilno Land]], Poland<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.darzynkiewicz.com/zbigniew/|title = Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Home Page}}</ref> &ndash; 28 February 2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - In Memoriam Dr. Darzynkiewicz|url=https://www.thekf.org/kf/events/KF-News/in-memoriam-dr-darzynkiewicz/|access-date=2021-04-28|website=www.thekf.org}}</ref> was a Polish-American [[cell biology|cell biologist]] active in [[cancer research]] and in developing new methods for [[flow cytometry]].<ref name="Demidenko2004">{{cite journal|last1=Demidenko|first1=ZN|last2=Studzinski|first2=GP|last3=Blagosklonny|first3=MV|title=From cytometry to cell cycle: a portrait of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz.|journal=Cell Cycle|date=May 2004|volume=3|issue=5|pages=525–8|pmid=15107608|doi=10.4161/cc.3.5.866|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/researchcenters/media/darz/zdportrait.pdf|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name="PurdueCyto">{{cite news|title=Cytometry in Service of Cell Biology and Cancer Research|url=http://www.cyto.purdue.edu/cdroms/cyto10a/cytometryhistory/individualhistories/darzynkiewicz.html|access-date=17 July 2017|work=Purdue Cytometry Volume 10}}</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last=Darzynkiewicz |first=Zbigniew |date=June 2020 |year=2020 |title=40 Years of My Venture with CYTOMETRY |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24043 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=557–562 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24043 |issn=1552-4922}}</ref>


== Early life and education ==
== Early life and education ==
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From September 1968 to September 1969, Darzynkiewicz was a visiting scientist at the Laboratory of Cell Research, [[Karolinska Institute]], Stockholm, Sweden<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Cram |first1=L. Scott |last2=Dobrucki |first2=Jurek W. |last3=Holden |first3=Elena |last4=Jacobberger |first4=James W. |last5=Robinson |first5=J. Paul |last6=Smith |first6=Paul J. |last7=Staiano‐Coico |first7=Lisa |last8=Tarnok |first8=Attila |date=June 2021 |title=In memoriam professor Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz ‐ Cytometry pathfinder 1936–2021 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24357 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=550–556 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24357 |issn=1552-4922 |s2cid=234360832}}</ref>. From 1969 to 1974, Darzynkiewicz worked as a staff scientist at the Department of Connective Tissue Research, [[Boston Biomedical Research Institute]] in Boston, MA. From March 1974 to December 1975, he was Research Associate at [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]], New York, NY. From January 1976 to March 1978, he was an Assistant Professor, from June 1978 to June 1988, an Associate Professor, and finally, from July 1988 to September 1990, a full Professor at [[Cornell University]], Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY. From January 1986 to September 1990, he was the Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Cell Research, [[Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]], New York, NY.
From September 1968 to September 1969, Darzynkiewicz was a visiting scientist at the Laboratory of Cell Research, [[Karolinska Institute]], Stockholm, Sweden<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Cram |first1=L. Scott |last2=Dobrucki |first2=Jurek W. |last3=Holden |first3=Elena |last4=Jacobberger |first4=James W. |last5=Robinson |first5=J. Paul |last6=Smith |first6=Paul J. |last7=Staiano‐Coico |first7=Lisa |last8=Tarnok |first8=Attila |date=June 2021 |title=In memoriam professor Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz ‐ Cytometry pathfinder 1936–2021 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24357 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=99 |issue=6 |pages=550–556 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24357 |issn=1552-4922 |s2cid=234360832}}</ref>. From 1969 to 1974, Darzynkiewicz worked as a staff scientist at the Department of Connective Tissue Research, [[Boston Biomedical Research Institute]] in Boston, MA. From March 1974 to December 1975, he was Research Associate at [[Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center|Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]], New York, NY. From January 1976 to March 1978, he was an Assistant Professor, from June 1978 to June 1988, an Associate Professor, and finally, from July 1988 to September 1990, a full Professor at [[Cornell University]], Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY. From January 1986 to September 1990, he was the Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Cell Research, [[Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center]], New York, NY.


In October 1990, Darzynkiewicz became a Professor of Medicine at [[New York Medical College]] – a member of the [[Touro College and University System]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |url=https://www.nymc.edu/faculty/directory/by-name/darzynkiewicz-zbigniew |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=New York Medical College}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brander Cancer Research Institute : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |url=http://www.nymc.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/brander-cancer-research-institute/ |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=New York Medical College}}</ref>, Valhalla, NY, and the director of the Brander Cancer Research Institute (formerly: Cancer Research Institute), [[New York Medical College]], Valhalla, NY. From 1991 he also served as a Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and Professor of Pathology at [[New York Medical College]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />.
In October 1990, Darzynkiewicz became a Professor of Medicine at [[New York Medical College]] – a member of the [[Touro College and University System]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |url=https://www.nymc.edu/faculty/directory/by-name/darzynkiewicz-zbigniew |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=New York Medical College}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brander Cancer Research Institute : New York Medical College &#124; Touro College |url=http://www.nymc.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/brander-cancer-research-institute/ |access-date=2017-07-15 |publisher=New York Medical College}}</ref>, Valhalla, NY, and the director of the Brander Cancer Research Institute, [[New York Medical College]], Valhalla, NY. From 1991 he also served as a Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and Professor of Pathology at [[New York Medical College]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />.


Since 1972, the [[National Institutes of Health]], including the prestigious MERIT award, have provided continuous funding for his research. In addition to receiving a [[NASA]] grant to develop cell analysis technologies applicable to the microgravity conditions of the International Space Station, his research was also supported by a number of private cancer research foundations.
Since 1972, the [[National Institutes of Health]], including the prestigious MERIT award, have provided continuous funding for his research. In addition to receiving a [[NASA]] grant to develop cell analysis technologies applicable to the microgravity conditions of the International Space Station, his research was also supported by a number of private cancer research foundations.


Darzynkiewicz has published over 780 peer-reviewed articles<ref>{{Google Scholar ID | id= olM19WIAAAAJ&hl}}</ref>, has edited, co-edited, and co-authored 15 books, and was granted eight US patents<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US4559309A|title=Flow cytometry-fluorescence measurements for characterizing sperm|gdate=1985-12-17|invent1=Evenson|invent2=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Donald P.|inventor2-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4559309A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US4801550A|title=Method for separating and analyzing nucleic acids|gdate=1989-01-31|invent1=Kapuscinski|invent2=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Jan|inventor2-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4801550A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US5747258A|title=Detection of halogenated precursors incorporated into DNA|gdate=1998-05-05|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Li|invent3=Traganos|invent4=Melamed|inventor1-first=Zbigniew D.|inventor2-first=Xun|inventor3-first=Frank N.|inventor4-first=Myron R.|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5747258A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US5912126A|title=Methods for labeling DNA ends with halogenated nucleotides and detecting same with antibodies|gdate=1999-06-15|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Li|invent3=Traganos|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Xun|inventor3-first=Frank|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5912126A/en/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6417343B1|title=Physical separation of nucleic acids by antibodies to halogenated nucleotides|gdate=2002-07-09|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6417343B1/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6821740B2|title=Flow cytometric methods for the concurrent detection of discrete functional conformations of PRB in single cells|gdate=2004-11-23|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|invent4=Gruenwald|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|inventor4-first=Stefan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6821740B2/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7070943B2|title=Detection of protein conformations in single cells|gdate=2006-07-04|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|invent4=Gruenwald|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|inventor4-first=Stefan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7070943B2/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7662565B2|title=Approaches to identify less harmful tobacco and tobacco products|gdate=2010-02-16|invent1=Albino|invent2=Jorgensen|invent3=Traganos|invent4=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Anthony P.|inventor2-first=Ellen D.|inventor3-first=Frank|inventor4-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7662565B2/en}}</ref>. As of Ocober 2022, his 1992 manuscript entitled "Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry" published in ''[[Cytometry Part A]]'' has been cited over 1800 times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Citation Network In Web of Science Core Collection |url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:A1992JV64400001 |website=Clarivate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Darzynkiewicz |first=Z. |last2=Bruno |first2=S. |last3=Del Bino |first3=G. |last4=Gorczyca |first4=W. |last5=Hotz |first5=M. A. |last6=Lassota |first6=P. |last7=Traganos |first7=F. |date=1992 |title=Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.990130802 |journal=Cytometry |language=en |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=795–808 |doi=10.1002/cyto.990130802 |issn=0196-4763}}</ref>
Darzynkiewicz has published over 780 peer-reviewed articles<ref>{{Google Scholar ID | id= olM19WIAAAAJ&hl}}</ref>, has edited, co-edited, and co-authored 15 books, and was granted eight US patents<ref>{{Cite patent|number=US4559309A|title=Flow cytometry-fluorescence measurements for characterizing sperm|gdate=1985-12-17|invent1=Evenson|invent2=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Donald P.|inventor2-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4559309A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US4801550A|title=Method for separating and analyzing nucleic acids|gdate=1989-01-31|invent1=Kapuscinski|invent2=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Jan|inventor2-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US4801550A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US5747258A|title=Detection of halogenated precursors incorporated into DNA|gdate=1998-05-05|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Li|invent3=Traganos|invent4=Melamed|inventor1-first=Zbigniew D.|inventor2-first=Xun|inventor3-first=Frank N.|inventor4-first=Myron R.|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5747258A/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US5912126A|title=Methods for labeling DNA ends with halogenated nucleotides and detecting same with antibodies|gdate=1999-06-15|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Li|invent3=Traganos|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Xun|inventor3-first=Frank|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US5912126A/en/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6417343B1|title=Physical separation of nucleic acids by antibodies to halogenated nucleotides|gdate=2002-07-09|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6417343B1/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US6821740B2|title=Flow cytometric methods for the concurrent detection of discrete functional conformations of PRB in single cells|gdate=2004-11-23|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|invent4=Gruenwald|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|inventor4-first=Stefan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US6821740B2/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7070943B2|title=Detection of protein conformations in single cells|gdate=2006-07-04|invent1=Darzynkiewicz|invent2=Traganos|invent3=Juan|invent4=Gruenwald|inventor1-first=Zbigniew|inventor2-first=Frank|inventor3-first=Gloria|inventor4-first=Stefan|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7070943B2/en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite patent|number=US7662565B2|title=Approaches to identify less harmful tobacco and tobacco products|gdate=2010-02-16|invent1=Albino|invent2=Jorgensen|invent3=Traganos|invent4=Darzynkiewicz|inventor1-first=Anthony P.|inventor2-first=Ellen D.|inventor3-first=Frank|inventor4-first=Zbigniew|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US7662565B2/en}}</ref>. As of Ocober 2022, his 1992 manuscript entitled "Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry" published in ''[[Cytometry Part A]]'' has been cited over 1800 times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Citation Network In Web of Science Core Collection |url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/WOS:A1992JV64400001 |website=Clarivate}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last=Darzynkiewicz |first=Z. |last2=Bruno |first2=S. |last3=Del Bino |first3=G. |last4=Gorczyca |first4=W. |last5=Hotz |first5=M. A. |last6=Lassota |first6=P. |last7=Traganos |first7=F. |date=1992 |title=Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.990130802 |journal=Cytometry |language=en |volume=13 |issue=8 |pages=795–808 |doi=10.1002/cyto.990130802 |issn=0196-4763}}</ref>


He served as the president of the Cell Cycle Society (1986-1987) and the president of the International Society for Advancement of [[Cytometry|Cytometry (1993–1994)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://isac-net.org/page/Our-History |website=Advancing Cytometry for Over Four Decades}}</ref> He was the Editor-in-Chief of the [[Open Medicine (De Gruyter journal)|''Open Medicine'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Medicine |url=https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/med/html |website=De Gruyter}}</ref>, a co-founder and an Associate Editor of [[Cytometry Part A|''Cytometry Part A'']]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tárnok |first=Attila |date=April 2021 |year=2021 |title=Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz 1936–2021 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24337 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=310–310 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24337 |issn=1552-4922}}</ref>, and an Editor of [[Current Protocols|''Current Protocols in Cytometry''.]]
He served as the president of the Cell Cycle Society (1986-1987) and the president of the International Society for Advancement of [[Cytometry|Cytometry (1993–1994)]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=https://isac-net.org/page/Our-History |website=Advancing Cytometry for Over Four Decades}}</ref> He was the Editor-in-Chief of the [[Open Medicine (De Gruyter journal)|''Open Medicine'']]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Open Medicine |url=https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/med/html |website=De Gruyter}}</ref>, a co-founder and an Associate Editor of [[Cytometry Part A|''Cytometry Part A'']]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tárnok |first=Attila |date=April 2021 |year=2021 |title=Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz 1936–2021 |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cyto.a.24337 |journal=Cytometry Part A |language=en |volume=99 |issue=4 |pages=310–310 |doi=10.1002/cyto.a.24337 |issn=1552-4922}}</ref>, and an Editor of [[Current Protocols|''Current Protocols in Cytometry''.]]

== Research interests ==
Darzynkiewicz's research centered on cell biology, with an emphasis on cancer cell growth and the regulatory mechanisms associated with cell growth and [[cell cycle]] progression. The most significant scientific contribution made by Darzynkiewicz is his discovery that the process of cell death is equally as significant as the [[cell cycle]], thereby connecting conceptually and methodologically [[apoptosis]] to [[cell division]]<ref name=":4" />. He also contributed significantly to the investigation of mechanisms of cell death induced by [[tumor necrosis factor]] (TNF). The connection between cell death and cell cycle progression has led Darzynkiewicz and his collaborators to further studies on the cell cycle-dependent effect of anticancer drugs and the death of cells during specific phases of the cell cycle caused by [[Topoisomerase inhibitor|topoisomerase inhibitors]] and [[lovastatin]].<ref name="Demidenko2004" /><ref name=":3" />


== Selected notable peer-reviewed papers ==
== Selected notable peer-reviewed papers ==
Line 46: Line 49:
* Evenson, D. P., Darzynkiewicz, Z., & Melamed, M. R. (1980). Relation of mammalian sperm chromatin heterogeneity to fertility. ''Science'', ''210''(4474), 1131–1133. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7444440
* Evenson, D. P., Darzynkiewicz, Z., & Melamed, M. R. (1980). Relation of mammalian sperm chromatin heterogeneity to fertility. ''Science'', ''210''(4474), 1131–1133. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7444440
* Gong, J. P., Traganos, F., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1994). A selective procedure for DNA extraction from apoptotic cells applicable for gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. ''Analytical Biochemistry'', ''218''(2), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1184
* Gong, J. P., Traganos, F., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1994). A selective procedure for DNA extraction from apoptotic cells applicable for gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. ''Analytical Biochemistry'', ''218''(2), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1184
* Gorczyca, W., Gong, J., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Detection of DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and nick translation assays1. ''Cancer Research'', ''53''(8), 1945–1951.
* Gorczyca, W., Gong, J., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Detection of DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and nick translation assays. ''Cancer Research'', ''53''(8), 1945–1951.
* Gorczyca, W., Traganos, F., Jesionowska, H., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Presence of DNA strand breaks and increased sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation in abnormal human sperm cells: Analogy to apoptosis of somatic cells. ''Experimental Cell Research'', ''207''(1), 202–205. https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1993.1182
* Gorczyca, W., Traganos, F., Jesionowska, H., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Presence of DNA strand breaks and increased sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation in abnormal human sperm cells: Analogy to apoptosis of somatic cells. ''Experimental Cell Research'', ''207''(1), 202–205. https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1993.1182
* Pozarowski, P., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2004). Analysis of cell cycle by flow cytometry. In A. H. Schönthal (Ed.), ''Checkpoint Controls and Cancer: Volume 2: Activation and Regulation Protocols'' (pp. 301–311). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-811-0:30
* Pozarowski, P., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2004). Analysis of cell cycle by flow cytometry. In A. H. Schönthal (Ed.), ''Checkpoint Controls and Cancer: Volume 2: Activation and Regulation Protocols'' (pp. 301–311). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-811-0:30

Revision as of 05:13, 3 October 2022

Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz
Born
Zbigiew Dierżykraj Darżynkiewicz

May 12, 1936
Dzisna (Wilno Land), Poland
DiedFebruary 28, 2021
CitizenshipAmerican (naturalized 1976)
Alma materMedical University of Warsaw, Poland
Known fordevelopment of cytometry methods for single-cell analysis
SpouseElizabeth T. Darzynkiewicz
ChildrenRichard B. Darzynkiewicz, Robert J. Darzynkiewicz
AwardsDistinguished Service Award, International Society for Analytical Cytology (ISAC), Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
Scientific career
Thesis Studies of the Mechanism of Teratogenic Action of Insulin on Chicken Embryo.  (1966)
Academic advisorsKazimierz Ostrowski

Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz (ORCID 0000-0002-2040-7081) (born May 12, 1936, in Dzisna, Wilno Land, Poland[1] – 28 February 2021)[2] was a Polish-American cell biologist active in cancer research and in developing new methods for flow cytometry.[3][4][5][6]

Early life and education

From 1945 to 1949, Darzynkiewicz attended a primary school in Dzierżoniów, Poland. He spent his high school years (1949–1953) in Skarżysko-Kamienna, Poland. He earned his M.D. from the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland (1953–1960). From 1962 to 1965, he was a predoctoral fellow at the Department of Histology, Medical University of Warsaw. From 1965 to 1966, he was a visiting scientist at the Department of Pharmacology, the State University of New York at Buffalo. During and shortly after this period, he published his first manuscripts in Nature[7][8][9][10] and Science[11] journals.

In 1966, the Faculty Council of the Medical University of Warsaw granted him the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences (equivalent to a Ph.D.).

Emigration to United State

One month after the Soviet Union-led Warsaw Pact troops invaded Czechoslovakia in September 1968, Darzynkiewicz left Poland for Sweden on a tourist visa, refused to return, and soon after applied for an immigration visa to the United States[12]. He arrived in the United States in 1969.

Career

From September 1968 to September 1969, Darzynkiewicz was a visiting scientist at the Laboratory of Cell Research, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden[1][5]. From 1969 to 1974, Darzynkiewicz worked as a staff scientist at the Department of Connective Tissue Research, Boston Biomedical Research Institute in Boston, MA. From March 1974 to December 1975, he was Research Associate at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. From January 1976 to March 1978, he was an Assistant Professor, from June 1978 to June 1988, an Associate Professor, and finally, from July 1988 to September 1990, a full Professor at Cornell University, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY. From January 1986 to September 1990, he was the Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Cell Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

In October 1990, Darzynkiewicz became a Professor of Medicine at New York Medical College – a member of the Touro College and University System[13].[14], Valhalla, NY, and the director of the Brander Cancer Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY. From 1991 he also served as a Professor of Microbiology and Immunology and Professor of Pathology at New York Medical College[1][12].

Since 1972, the National Institutes of Health, including the prestigious MERIT award, have provided continuous funding for his research. In addition to receiving a NASA grant to develop cell analysis technologies applicable to the microgravity conditions of the International Space Station, his research was also supported by a number of private cancer research foundations.

Darzynkiewicz has published over 780 peer-reviewed articles[15], has edited, co-edited, and co-authored 15 books, and was granted eight US patents[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. As of Ocober 2022, his 1992 manuscript entitled "Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry" published in Cytometry Part A has been cited over 1800 times.[24][25]

He served as the president of the Cell Cycle Society (1986-1987) and the president of the International Society for Advancement of Cytometry (1993–1994).[26] He was the Editor-in-Chief of the Open Medicine[27], a co-founder and an Associate Editor of Cytometry Part A[28], and an Editor of Current Protocols in Cytometry.

Research interests

Darzynkiewicz's research centered on cell biology, with an emphasis on cancer cell growth and the regulatory mechanisms associated with cell growth and cell cycle progression. The most significant scientific contribution made by Darzynkiewicz is his discovery that the process of cell death is equally as significant as the cell cycle, thereby connecting conceptually and methodologically apoptosis to cell division[25]. He also contributed significantly to the investigation of mechanisms of cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The connection between cell death and cell cycle progression has led Darzynkiewicz and his collaborators to further studies on the cell cycle-dependent effect of anticancer drugs and the death of cells during specific phases of the cell cycle caused by topoisomerase inhibitors and lovastatin.[3][6]

Selected notable peer-reviewed papers

  • Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2020). 40 years of my venture with cytometry. Cytometry Part A, 97(6), 557–562. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.24043
  • Darzynkiewicz, Z., Bruno, S., Del Bino, G., Gorczyca, W., Hotz, M. A., Lassota, P., & Traganos, F. (1992). Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry. Cytometry, 13(8), 795–808. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.990130802
  • Darzynkiewicz, Z., Juan, G., Li, X., Gorczyca, W., Murakami, T., & Traganos, F. (1997). Cytometry in cell necrobiology: Analysis of apoptosis and accidental cell death (necrosis). Cytometry, 27(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10/bdr2fz
  • Evenson, D. P., Darzynkiewicz, Z., & Melamed, M. R. (1980). Relation of mammalian sperm chromatin heterogeneity to fertility. Science, 210(4474), 1131–1133. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7444440
  • Gong, J. P., Traganos, F., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1994). A selective procedure for DNA extraction from apoptotic cells applicable for gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. Analytical Biochemistry, 218(2), 314–319. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1994.1184
  • Gorczyca, W., Gong, J., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Detection of DNA strand breaks in individual apoptotic cells by the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and nick translation assays. Cancer Research, 53(8), 1945–1951.
  • Gorczyca, W., Traganos, F., Jesionowska, H., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1993). Presence of DNA strand breaks and increased sensitivity of DNA in situ to denaturation in abnormal human sperm cells: Analogy to apoptosis of somatic cells. Experimental Cell Research, 207(1), 202–205. https://doi.org/10.1006/excr.1993.1182
  • Pozarowski, P., & Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2004). Analysis of cell cycle by flow cytometry. In A. H. Schönthal (Ed.), Checkpoint Controls and Cancer: Volume 2: Activation and Regulation Protocols (pp. 301–311). Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1385/1-59259-811-0:30

Honors

His professional affiliations include member (foreign) of the Polish Academy of Sciences[29] and of the Polish Academy of Learning.[30]

Darzynkiewicz was the recipient of an honorary degree from the Medical University of Warsaw in Poland,[31][12] the Maria Skłodowska-Curie Award from the Jozef Pilsudski Institute in America[32], and the Casimir Funk Award from the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America.[33]

In 2002 he received Distinguished Service Award from the International Society for Analytical Cytology (ISAC). In 2009 he became a Fellow of the College of American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (AIMBE).[34]

Interactions with Poland

Darzynkiewicz was a founding member of the Kosciuszko Foundation Collegium of Eminent Scientists of Polish Origin and Ancestry[35], and a trustee of the Kosciuszko Foundation.[36] From 1986 to 1999, he was an advisory board member of The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation, which annually awarded the Jurzykowski Prize.[37] In 1995 He was a recipient of the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland.[38]

Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz publications indexed by Google Scholar.

Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz publications indexed by the Scopus bibliographic database. (subscription required)

References

  1. ^ a b c "Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz Home Page".
  2. ^ "Kosciuszko Foundation - American Center of Polish culture - In Memoriam Dr. Darzynkiewicz". www.thekf.org. Retrieved 2021-04-28.
  3. ^ a b Demidenko, ZN; Studzinski, GP; Blagosklonny, MV (May 2004). "From cytometry to cell cycle: a portrait of Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz" (PDF). Cell Cycle. 3 (5): 525–8. doi:10.4161/cc.3.5.866. PMID 15107608.
  4. ^ "Cytometry in Service of Cell Biology and Cancer Research". Purdue Cytometry Volume 10. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  5. ^ a b Cram, L. Scott; Dobrucki, Jurek W.; Holden, Elena; Jacobberger, James W.; Robinson, J. Paul; Smith, Paul J.; Staiano‐Coico, Lisa; Tarnok, Attila (June 2021). "In memoriam professor Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz ‐ Cytometry pathfinder 1936–2021". Cytometry Part A. 99 (6): 550–556. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24357. ISSN 1552-4922. S2CID 234360832.
  6. ^ a b Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew (June 2020). "40 Years of My Venture with CYTOMETRY". Cytometry Part A. 97 (6): 557–562. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24043. ISSN 1552-4922.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  7. ^ Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Krassowski, Tadeusz; Skopińska, Ewa (1965). "Effect of Phytohaemagglutinin on Synthesis of 'Rapidly-labelled' Ribonucleic Acid in Human Lymphocytes". Nature. 207 (5004) (published September 1965): 1402–1403. Bibcode:1965Natur.207.1402D. doi:10.1038/2071402a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 26980930.
  8. ^ Rogers, A. W.; Darżynkiewicz, Z.; Barnard, E. A.; Salpeter, M. M. (1966). "Number and Location of Acetylcholinesterase Molecules at Motor Endplates of the Mouse". Nature. 210 (5040) (published June 1966): 1003–1006. Bibcode:1966Natur.210.1003R. doi:10.1038/2101003a0. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 5914885. S2CID 4264243.
  9. ^ Darżynkiewicz, Z.; Barnard, E. A. (1967). "Specific Proteases of the Rat Mast Cell". Nature. 213 (5082) (published March 1967): 1198–1202. Bibcode:1967Natur.213.1198D. doi:10.1038/2131198a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4147097.
  10. ^ Darżynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Dokov, Viktor K.; Pieńkowski, Marek (1967). "Dry Mass of Lymphocytes during Transformation after Stimulation by Phytohaemagglutinin". Nature. 214 (5094) (published June 1967): 1265–1266. Bibcode:1967Natur.214.1265D. doi:10.1038/2141265a0. ISSN 1476-4687. S2CID 4169702.
  11. ^ Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Rogers, Andrew W.; Barnard, Eric A.; Wang, Dau-Hsi; Werkheiser, William C. (1966-03-25). "Autoradiography with Tritiated Methotrexate and the Cellular Distribution of Folate Reductase". Science. 151 (3717): 1528–1530. Bibcode:1966Sci...151.1528D. doi:10.1126/science.151.3717.1528. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 5909582. S2CID 10925130.
  12. ^ a b c Skrzypek, Ewa (2016). Poczet doktorów honoris causa (PDF) (in Polish) (2nd ed.). Warsaw, Poland: Rektor Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego. p. 387. ISBN 978-83-7637-383-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ "Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. : New York Medical College | Touro College". New York Medical College. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  14. ^ "Brander Cancer Research Institute : New York Medical College | Touro College". New York Medical College. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  15. ^ Zbyszek Darzynkiewicz publications indexed by Google Scholar
  16. ^ US4559309A, Evenson, Donald P. & Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew, "Flow cytometry-fluorescence measurements for characterizing sperm", issued 1985-12-17 
  17. ^ US4801550A, Kapuscinski, Jan & Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew, "Method for separating and analyzing nucleic acids", issued 1989-01-31 
  18. ^ US5747258A, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew D.; Li, Xun & Traganos, Frank N. et al., "Detection of halogenated precursors incorporated into DNA", issued 1998-05-05 
  19. ^ US5912126A, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Li, Xun & Traganos, Frank, "Methods for labeling DNA ends with halogenated nucleotides and detecting same with antibodies", issued 1999-06-15 
  20. ^ US6417343B1, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Traganos, Frank & Juan, Gloria, "Physical separation of nucleic acids by antibodies to halogenated nucleotides", issued 2002-07-09 
  21. ^ US6821740B2, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Traganos, Frank & Juan, Gloria et al., "Flow cytometric methods for the concurrent detection of discrete functional conformations of PRB in single cells", issued 2004-11-23 
  22. ^ US7070943B2, Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew; Traganos, Frank & Juan, Gloria et al., "Detection of protein conformations in single cells", issued 2006-07-04 
  23. ^ US7662565B2, Albino, Anthony P.; Jorgensen, Ellen D. & Traganos, Frank et al., "Approaches to identify less harmful tobacco and tobacco products", issued 2010-02-16 
  24. ^ "Citation Network In Web of Science Core Collection". Clarivate.
  25. ^ a b Darzynkiewicz, Z.; Bruno, S.; Del Bino, G.; Gorczyca, W.; Hotz, M. A.; Lassota, P.; Traganos, F. (1992). "Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry". Cytometry. 13 (8): 795–808. doi:10.1002/cyto.990130802. ISSN 0196-4763.
  26. ^ "Our History". Advancing Cytometry for Over Four Decades.
  27. ^ "Open Medicine". De Gruyter.
  28. ^ Tárnok, Attila (April 2021). "Zbigniew (Zbyszek) Darzynkiewicz 1936–2021". Cytometry Part A. 99 (4): 310–310. doi:10.1002/cyto.a.24337. ISSN 1552-4922.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  29. ^ "Członkowie Polskiej Akademii Nauk" [Members of the Polish Academy of Sciences] (in Polish). Retrieved 15 July 2017.
  30. ^ "Polska Akademia Umiejętności - Członkowie Wydziału V Lekarskiego". Polska Akademia Umiejętności. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  31. ^ "Doktorzy Honoris Causa, Universytet Warszawski". Retrieved Oct 1, 2022.
  32. ^ The Campaign for the Future (PDF) (Report). The Jozef Pilsudski Institute of America. 2014. p. 3.
  33. ^ "PIASA Prominent Members - Past And Present". Piasa.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  34. ^ "Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, M.D., Ph.D. COF-1162". AIMBE. Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  35. ^ "EMINENT SCIENTISTS OF POLISH ORIGIN AND ANCESTRY". Thekf.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  36. ^ "BOARD OF TRUSTEES". Thekf.org. Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  37. ^ "The Alfred Jurzykowski Foundation Prizes". The Polish Review. 11 (1): 121–128. 1966. JSTOR 25776649.
  38. ^ [Rej 166/95, page 720] Postanowienie Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z dnia 18 września 1995 o nadaniu orderów i odznaczeń.
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