Boy Spies of America: Difference between revisions

Content deleted Content added

Inline

Revision as of 07:58, 12 October 2022

The Boy Spies of America was a children's group organized during World War I.^[1] It was one of a dozen of extralegal vigilance organizations dedicated to volunteer spying which arose during that war.^[2]^[3] The group is similar to other organizations, such as the Sedition Slammers, the Terrible Threateners, the American Protective League, and the Knights of Liberty.^[4]

Initially the group were created to punish Americans who spoke out against the war. Members reinforced a climate of anti-German sentiment and stopped young men on the street, demanding to see their draft cards.^[5] After some time, members targeted any person who spoke negatively about any part of American life.

Throughout its existence, the group failed to identify any German spies.^[6]

References

^ "The 'Savage Peace' of 1919", NPR interview with Ann Hagadorn
^ "Spies Among Us: World War I and the American Protective League".
^ Hagedorn, Ann (2007). Savage Peace. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 25. ISBN 9780743243711.
^ Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 156. ISBN 9780393058802. [T]he American Protective League quickly enlisted more than 200,000 members. APL members ferreted out disloyalty whenever and wherever they could find it. They reported thousands of individuals to the authorities on the basis of hearsay, gossip, and slander. The leadership of the APL consisted primarily of conservative men of means - bankers, insurance executives, factory owners. Other volunteer organizations were the Knights of Liberty, the Boy Spies of America, the Sedition Slammers, and the Terrible Threateners.
^ Conlin, Joseph (2010). The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume II: Ninth Edition. Boston: Wadsworth.
^ Capozzola, Christopher Joseph Nicodemus. Uncle Sam wants you: World War I and the making of the modern American citizen.

This World War I article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "The 'Savage Peace' of 1919", NPR interview with Ann Hagadorn

[2] "Spies Among Us: World War I and the American Protective League".

[3] Hagedorn, Ann (2007). Savage Peace. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 25. ISBN 9780743243711.

[4] Stone, Geoffrey R. (2004). Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 156. ISBN 9780393058802. [T]he American Protective League quickly enlisted more than 200,000 members. APL members ferreted out disloyalty whenever and wherever they could find it. They reported thousands of individuals to the authorities on the basis of hearsay, gossip, and slander. The leadership of the APL consisted primarily of conservative men of means - bankers, insurance executives, factory owners. Other volunteer organizations were the Knights of Liberty, the Boy Spies of America, the Sedition Slammers, and the Terrible Threateners.

[5] Conlin, Joseph (2010). The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume II: Ninth Edition. Boston: Wadsworth.

[6] Capozzola, Christopher Joseph Nicodemus. Uncle Sam wants you: World War I and the making of the modern American citizen.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Cleanup rewrite|date=May 2016}}
-The '''Boy Spies of America''' was a children's group organized during [[World War I]].<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9458659 "The 'Savage Peace' of 1919", NPR interview with Ann Hagadorn]</ref> It was one of a dozen of extralegal vigilance organizations <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/10/07/spies-among-us-wwi-apl|title = Spies Among Us: World War I and the American Protective League}}</ref> dedicated to volunteer spying which arose during that war.<ref>{{Cite book  | last = Hagedorn  | first = Ann  | title = Savage Peace  | url = https://archive.org/details/savagepeacehopef00hage  | url-access = registration  | publisher =  Simon & Schuster  | year = 2007  | location = New York  | pages = [https://archive.org/details/savagepeacehopef00hage/page/25 25]  | isbn = 9780743243711 }}</ref> Members reinforced a climate of [[Anti-German sentiment#United States|anti-German sentiment]] and stopped young men on the street, demanding to see their draft cards.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Conlin | first = Joseph | title = The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume II: Ninth Edition | publisher = Wadsworth | year = 2010 | location = Boston}}</ref>
+The '''Boy Spies of America''' was a children's group organized during [[World War I]].<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=9458659 "The 'Savage Peace' of 1919", NPR interview with Ann Hagadorn]</ref> It was one of a dozen of extralegal vigilance organizations dedicated to volunteer spying which arose during that war.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spies Among Us: World War I and the American Protective League |url=http://www.nypl.org/blog/2014/10/07/spies-among-us-wwi-apl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book  | last = Hagedorn  | first = Ann  | title = Savage Peace  | url = https://archive.org/details/savagepeacehopef00hage  | url-access = registration  | publisher =  Simon & Schuster  | year = 2007  | location = New York  | pages = [https://archive.org/details/savagepeacehopef00hage/page/25 25]  | isbn = 9780743243711 }}</ref> The group is similar to other organizations, such as the [[Sedition Slammers]], the [[Terrible Threateners]], the [[American Protective League]], and the Knights of Liberty.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Geoffrey R. |url=https://archive.org/details/periloustimesfre00ston |title=Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime |publisher=W.W. Norton & Company |year=2004 |isbn=9780393058802 |location=New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/periloustimesfre00ston/page/156 156] |quote="[T]he American Protective League quickly enlisted more than 200,000 members. APL members ferreted out disloyalty whenever and wherever they could find it. They reported thousands of individuals to the authorities on the basis of hearsay, gossip, and slander. The leadership of the APL consisted primarily of conservative men of means - bankers, insurance executives, factory owners. Other volunteer organizations were the Knights of Liberty, the Boy Spies of America, the Sedition Slammers, and the Terrible Threateners." |url-access=registration}}</ref>
-This organization was made for punishing Americans who spoke out against the war. Soon, they started going after people who spoke negatively about any part of American life. The organization did not successfully identify any German spies.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Capozzola | first = Christopher Joseph Nicodemus | title = Uncle Sam wants you: World War I and the making of the modern American citizen }}</ref>
+Initially the group were created to punish Americans who spoke out against the war. Members reinforced a climate of [[Anti-German sentiment#United States|anti-German sentiment]] and stopped young men on the street, demanding to see their draft cards.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Conlin | first = Joseph | title = The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume II: Ninth Edition | publisher = Wadsworth | year = 2010 | location = Boston}}</ref> After some time, members targeted any person who spoke negatively about any part of American life.
+Throughout its existence, the group failed to identify any German spies.<ref>{{Cite book | last = Capozzola | first = Christopher Joseph Nicodemus | title = Uncle Sam wants you: World War I and the making of the modern American citizen }}</ref>
-Related organizations included the [[Sedition Slammers]], the [[Terrible Threateners]], the [[American Protective League]], and the Knights of Liberty.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Perilous Times: Free Speech in Wartime|url=https://archive.org/details/periloustimesfre00ston|url-access=registration|last=Stone|first=Geoffrey R.|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|year=2004|location=New York|pages=[https://archive.org/details/periloustimesfre00ston/page/156 156]|isbn=9780393058802|quote="[T]he American Protective League quickly enlisted more than 200,000 members. APL members ferreted out disloyalty whenever and wherever they could find it. They reported thousands of individuals to the authorities on the basis of hearsay, gossip, and slander. The leadership of the APL consisted primarily of conservative men of means - bankers, insurance executives, factory owners. Other volunteer organizations were the Knights of Liberty, the Boy Spies of America, the Sedition Slammers, and the Terrible Threateners."}}</ref>
 ==See also==