2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis: Difference between revisions
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On approximately 5 September the second round of negotiations ended, leaving further talks required to agree on any selection for the key ratificatory and head of state role of president and to agree a working coalition, key-issues confidence and supply arrangement between the parties or to the fresh elections the Prime Minister continues to seek.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No end to crisis as Iraq's PM ends second round of talks |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/no-end-crisis-iraqs-pm-122751838.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Yahoo News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
On approximately 5 September the second round of negotiations ended, leaving further talks required to agree on any selection for the key ratificatory and head of state role of president and to agree a working coalition, key-issues confidence and supply arrangement between the parties or to the fresh elections the Prime Minister continues to seek.<ref>{{Cite web |title=No end to crisis as Iraq's PM ends second round of talks |url=https://uk.style.yahoo.com/no-end-crisis-iraqs-pm-122751838.html |access-date=2022-09-05 |website=[[Yahoo News]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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After more talks between the political parties, on 13 October, the Iraqi Parliament gathered once again and elected ||Abdul Lateef Rashid|| as the country's new president. He won after winning 230 votes in the parliament beating incumbent ||Barham Salih||. This election marked the beginning of the end of the deadlock as Rashid then tasked ||Mohamed Shia al-Sudani|| with forming the government to become prime minister. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latif Rashid elected president of Iraq |url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/131020223 |access-date=2022-10-13 |website=[[Rudaw English]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Although offered by various figures, Sadr said he won't partake in this new government led by al-Sudani. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sadr movement decides to boycott PM-designate's cabinet. |url=https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/iraq/151020221 |access-date=2022-10-14 |website=[[Rudaw English]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 02:32, 19 October 2022
This article needs to be updated.(October 2022) |
It has been suggested that this article be merged with 2022 Baghdad clashes. (Discuss) Proposed since September 2022. |
2021–2022 Iraqi political crisis | |
---|---|
Date |
|
Location | |
Caused by |
|
Resulted in | New president and prime minister named on 14 October 2022 |
Lead figures | |
Casualties | |
Death(s) | 53 killed[1] |
Injuries | 1,080 injured[2] |
Since the parliamentary election in October 2021, there has been a political crisis in Iraq, with members of the Council of Representatives of Iraq being unable to form a stable coalition government, or elect a new President.[3] Since that date, basic government (civil service and military) services continue, but the national political system has been in deadlock including in respect of almost all major spending and taxation issues.[4]
Events
Violent clashes in Baghdad following the election and the attempted assassination of Prime Minister Mustafa Al-Kadhimi began the crisis.[5] On 18 November Muqtada al-Sadr said he would like to form a majority government.[6]
On 9 January, the newly elected parliament met for the first time in the Green Zone to elect the parliament speaker and two deputies. After a chaotic first parliamentary session which resulted in senior interim parliament speaker Mahmoud al-Mashahadani falling ill and being taken to hospital.[7] However, after that Sunni lawmaker and current parliament speaker Mohamed al-Halbousi was re-elected for a second term,[8] with Shakhawan Abdulla, from the Kurdistan Democratic Party and Hakim al-Zamili, from the Sadrist Movement.[9] The Kurdistan Democratic Party, Sadrist Movement and Progress Party succeeded in fulfilling all three positions due to the candidates of each bloc voting for each other.[9] This resulted in the Shiite Pro-Iran factions in parliament to disregard the outcome and claim they have 88 seats,[10] and more than the Sadrist Movement. Parliament was then temporarily suspended but later was able to resume again after a review by the Iraqi Supreme Court.[11]
According to the Constitution of Iraq a president must be selected within 30 days after the election of the parliament speaker.[12] Incumbent Barham Salih was put forward by the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan to run for a second term, while the Kurdistan Democratic Party selected former foreign minister Hoshyar Zebari to run for the post as the party's second putting forward of a president to the required parliamentary vote.[12]
As of May 2022, no government has been formed and no president has been appointed by parliament.[13] On 13 June 2022, 73 MPs from al-Sadr's bloc resigned from parliament.[14][15] On 23 June, the Council of Representatives swore in 73 new members in their place.[16] As a result, the Coordination Framework bloc, an alliance of Iran-backed parties led by Nouri al-Maliki, grew to 130 seats.[17]
On 17 July, secret recordings were leaked of Nouri al-Maliki, the former Prime Minister, in which he was criticising al-Sadr. This was reported to have been controversial and a factor in deepening the crisis.[18]
On 25 July, the framework nominated former minister and governor of Maysan Governorate Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani as prime minister.[19]
On 27 July, angry about the influence of Iran in Iraqi domestic governance, followers of al-Sadr breached the Green Zone and the Iraqi Parliament in Baghdad. After a public message by al-Sadr to "pray and go home," the crowd dispersed.[20] Thousands of supporters of Muqtada al-Sadr have been camping in the parliament building since July 27.[21]
On 3 August, Muqtada al-Sadr called for snap elections.[22]
On 29 August, Sadr announced via a tweet his retirement from political life. Later that day, his supporters stormed the presidential palace and armed clashes inside the Green Zone ensued, resulting in the deaths of at least 15 protesters.[23] The Iraqi Army announced a nationwide curfew. Protests and clashes also erupted in Basra and Maysan Governorate in southern Iraq.[23]
On 30 August, fighting spread to Karbala and escalated in Basra as demonstrators stormed the Iraqi parliamentary office in Karbala[24] and blocked the entrance to Umm Qasr port.[25]
On approximately 5 September the second round of negotiations ended, leaving further talks required to agree on any selection for the key ratificatory and head of state role of president and to agree a working coalition, key-issues confidence and supply arrangement between the parties or to the fresh elections the Prime Minister continues to seek.[26]
After more talks between the political parties, on 13 October, the Iraqi Parliament gathered once again and elected ||Abdul Lateef Rashid|| as the country's new president. He won after winning 230 votes in the parliament beating incumbent ||Barham Salih||. This election marked the beginning of the end of the deadlock as Rashid then tasked ||Mohamed Shia al-Sudani|| with forming the government to become prime minister. [27] Although offered by various figures, Sadr said he won't partake in this new government led by al-Sudani. [28]
References
- ^ Rasheed, Jillian Kestler-D'Amours,Zaheena. "Iraq's al-Sadr on hunger strike; protesters storm gov't palace". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Rasheed, Jillian Kestler-D'Amours,Zaheena. "Iraq's al-Sadr on hunger strike; protesters storm gov't palace". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 30 August 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Iraqi PM stresses inciting violence and chaos unacceptable". Iraqi News. 14 June 2022. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Iraqi MPs from Muqtada al-Sadr's bloc resign". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ "Iraq ministry: Scores injured in rally over election results". WTOP. 5 November 2021. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ Staff writer (18 November 2021). "Sadr calls for majority government, 'liquidation' of Iraqi militias". Al-Monitor. Archived from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ Staff writer (9 January 2022). "Iraq parliament holds first session, elects speaker". devdiscourse.com. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ "Halbousi re-elected speaker of parliament during chaotic first session". Rudaw. 9 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
- ^ a b "KDP puts forth candidate for deputy parliament speaker". Rudaw. 10 January 2022. Archived from the original on 9 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
- ^ "Shiite factions disregard outcome of Iraqi parliament's first session". Rudaw. 11 January 2022. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Iraq's top court to review cases against first parliamentary session on Wednesday". Rudaw. 16 January 2022. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ a b "Battle opens for presidency in Iraq". 2 February 2022. Archived from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ Iraq fails to form government seven months after elections, archived from the original on 13 June 2022, retrieved 29 May 2022
- ^ "Iraqi leaders vow to move ahead after dozens quit parliament". The Independent. 13 June 2022. Archived from the original on 13 June 2022. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
- ^ "War-scarred Iraq sinks deeper into political crisis". Agence France-Presse. 14 June 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
- ^ "Iraq Parliament Swears in New Members After Walkout of 73". Archived from the original on 1 July 2022. Retrieved 1 July 2022.
- ^ "In numbers... the coordination framework has become the "first force" in the Iraqi parliament" (in Arabic). Alhurra. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "Secret recordings deepen political crisis in Iraq". France 24. 16 July 2022. Archived from the original on 20 July 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
- ^ "Coordination Framework nominate Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani as candidate for Iraqi prime minister". PUK media. 25 July 2022. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ "Iraqi protesters storm the parliament in Baghdad's Green Zone". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
- ^ "Hundreds of protesters camp at Iraq parliament for a second day". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 July 2022.
- ^ "'Dissolve the parliament': Influential Shiite leader Moqtada Sadr calls for fresh elections in Iraq". WION. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ a b Abdul-Zahra, Qassim; Kullab, Samya (29 August 2022). "Clashes erupt after Iraqi Shiite cleric resigns, 15 dead". Associated press. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
- ^ عاجل متظاهرون يقتحمون مكتب مجلس النواب في محافظة #كربلاء #العراق (in Arabic), telegram: Al Jazeera Mubasher, 29 August 2022
- ^ مسؤول أمني عراقي يؤكد إغلاق أنصار الصدر لمداخل ميناء (in Arabic), Twitter: Al Arabiya, 29 August 2022
- ^ "No end to crisis as Iraq's PM ends second round of talks". Yahoo News. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
- ^ "Latif Rashid elected president of Iraq". Rudaw English. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
- ^ "Sadr movement decides to boycott PM-designate's cabinet". Rudaw English. Retrieved 14 October 2022.