Salmonella enterica: Difference between revisions
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Revision as of 19:21, 1 March 2007
| Salmonella enterica | |
|---|---|
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| S. enterica Typhimurium colonies on a Hektoen enteric agar plate | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Phylum: | |
| Class: | Gamma Proteobacteria
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| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | S. enterica
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| Binomial name | |
| Salmonella enterica (ex Kauffmann & Edwards 1952)
Le Minor & Popoff 1987 | |
Salmonella enterica is a flagellated, Gram-negative bacterium, and a member of the genus Salmonella.[1]
Serovars
S. enterica has an extraordinarily large number of serovars or strains—up to 2000 have been described.[2] Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi (historically elevated to species status as S. typhi) is the disease agent in typhoid fever. Other serovars such as Typhimurium (also known as S. typhimurium) can lead to a form of human gastroenteritis sometimes referred to as salmonellosis.
The genome sequences of serovars Typhi[3] and Typhimurium LT2[4] have been established. Also analysis of the the proteome of Typhimurium LT2 under differing enviromental conditions has also been performed [5].
Salmonella Typhi
Salmonella Typhi is a serovar of Salmonella enterica (formerly known as Salmonella choleraesuis) and the cause of the disease typhoid fever. The organism can be transmitted by the fecal-oral route—it is excreted by humans in feces and may be transmitted by contaminated water, food, or by person-to-person contact (with inadequate attention to personal hygiene).
Salmonella Typhi possesses three main antigenic factors: the O, or somatic antigen; the Vi, or encapsulation antigen; and the H, or flagellar antigen.[citation needed]
Epidemiology
Most cases of salmonellosis are caused by food infected with S. enterica, which often infects cattle and poultry, though also other animals such as domestic cats and hamsters[6] have also been shown to be sources of infection to humans. However, investigations of vacuum cleaner bags have shown that households can act as a reservoir of the bacterium; this is more likely if the household has contact with an infection source, for example through members working with cattle or in a veterinary clinic.
References
- ^ Giannella RA (1996). Salmonella. In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (Barron S et al, eds.) (4th ed. ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. (via NCBI Bookshelf) ISBN 0-9631172-1-1.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Ryan KJ; Ray CG (editors) (2004). Sherris Medical Microbiology (4th ed. ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-8385-8529-9.
{{cite book}}:|author=has generic name (help);|edition=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Parkhill J; et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of a multiple drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi CT18". Nature. 413 (6858): 848–52. PMID 11677608 doi:10.1038/35101607.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ McClelland M; et al. (2001). "Complete genome sequence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2". Nature. 413 (6858): 852–6. PMID 11677609 doi:10.1038/35101614.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ Adkins JN; et al. (2006). "Analysis of the Salmonella typhimurium Proteome through Environmental Response toward Infectious Conditions". Molecular and Cellular Proteomics. 5: 1450–1461. PMID 16684765.
{{cite journal}}: Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help) - ^ Swanson SJ, Snider C, Braden CR; et al. (2007). "Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium associated with pet rodents". 356 (1): 21–28.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)