Allegory

An allegory (from Greek αλλος, allos, "other", and αγορευειν, agoreuein, "to speak in public") is a figurative representation conveying a meaning other than and in addition to the literal. It is generally treated as a figure of rhetoric, but an allegory does not have to be expressed in language: it may be addressed to the eye, and is often found in painting, sculpture or some form of mimetic art. The etymological meaning of the word is wider than that which it bears in actual use. An allegory is distinguished from a metaphor by being longer sustained and more fully carried out in its details, and from an analogy by the fact that the one appeals to the imagination and the other to the reason. The fable or parable is a short allegory with one definite moral.

The allegory has been a favourite form in the literature of nearly every nation. The Hebrew scriptures present frequent instances of it, one of the most beautiful being the comparison of the history of Israel to the growth of a vine in the 80th Psalm. In classical literature one of the best known allegories is the story of the stomach and its members in the speech of Menenius Agrippa (Livy ii. 32); and several occur in Ovid's Metamorphoses. Some elaborate and successful specimens of allegory are to be found in the works of authors:

• Edmund Spenser – The Faerie Queene
• Jonathan Swift – A Tale of a Tub
• Joseph Addison – Vision of Mirza
• John Bunyan – Pilgrim's Progress
• Aesop – Fables
• Jean de La Fontaine – Fables
• René Daumal – A Night of Serious Drinking
• William Golding – Lord of the Flies
• George Orwell – Animal Farm
• Arthur Miller – The Crucible

Allegorical films include:

• Mumsy, Nanny, Sonny, and Girly

Allegorical artworks include:

• Sandro Botticelli – La Primavera (Allegory of Spring)
• Albrecht Dürer – Melancholia I
• Artemisia Gentileschi – Self-Portrait as the Allegory of Painting; Allegory of Inclination
• Jan Vermeer – The Allegory of Painting

Classical allegories include:

• Plato – Chariot Allegory & Allegory of the Cave

External link

• Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Allegory in Literary history