Revision as of 07:51, 2 March 2007

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To Do

Bufo

Toxicity. Some Chinese herbal remedies contain an ingrediant called ch'an su (dried bufosecretion). At least one death has been reported. [1]

Ott: Pharmaka

Anadenanthera

Anadenanthera - Yopo, Cebil, Vilca

(Taino, Cohoba)

Bufotenin is also the primary constituent of Vilca (also known as Cebil) and Yopo (believed by some to be Cohoba) snuffs ^[1], made from beans of the Anadenanthera colubrina and Anadenanthera peregrina trees, respectfully. The use of these seeds have been historically linked to shamans in South America. ^[2]

Cohoba was used by the tribe with whom Christopher Colubmus made first contact, the Taino of Cuba and Hispaniola.^[specify] The use of Cohoba snuffs has been documented in the archaeological record for thousands of years, and it has the longest recorded continuous use of any psychoactive plant in the world.^[specify]

Bufotenine

Human effects.

Bufo alvarius

The Bufo alvarius toad, because of its hallucinogenic secretion (which primarily contains serotonin, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin, bufotenidine, and dehydrobufotenine^[3]), has gained media attention ^[4]^[5] and been used as a source for recreational drug use. Perhaps the most prominent example of recreational Bufo alvarius use is the story of Albert Most, founder of the Church of the Toad of Light, who published a booklet ^[6] in 1994 explaining how to extract and smoke the secretions, titled Bufo avlarius: The Psychedelic Toad of the Sonoran Desert.

Some severe poisonings were recorded after some toad lickers mistakenly used Bufo marinus (Common Cane Toad) and other species for this purpose.^[specify] The venom of B. marinus contains Bufotenin alongside cardiotoxic steroids, the use of which can lead to heart attacks and death.^[specify]

^ Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine
^ Ott, Jonathan: "Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines." Entheobotanica, 2001.
^ The History and Psychoactivity of Bufo Toads
^ NPR: The Dog Who Loved to Suck on Toads
^ Psychoactive toad: Cultural references
^ How ‘bout them toad suckers? Ain’t they clods?

[1] Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine

[2] Ott, Jonathan: "Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines." Entheobotanica, 2001.

[3] The History and Psychoactivity of Bufo Toads

[4] NPR: The Dog Who Loved to Suck on Toads

[5] Psychoactive toad: Cultural references

[6] How ‘bout them toad suckers? Ain’t they clods?

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@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 ==To Do==
+=Bufo=
+Toxicity.
 Some Chinese herbal remedies contain an ingrediant called ''ch'an su'' (dried ''bufosecretion'').  At least one death has been reported. [http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1303306]
 [http://www.maps.org/news-letters/v12n1/12126ott.html Ott: Pharmaka]
+=Anadenanthera=
 [http://72.14.253.104/search?q=cache:POYYRQZK4ioJ:www.v72.org/PDF/sacred_anadenanthera.pdf+taino+cohoba&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=75&gl=us&client=firefox-a Anadenanthera - Yopo, Cebil, Vilca]
 (Taino, Cohoba)
+Bufotenin is also the primary constituent of [[Vilca]] (also known as Cebil) and [[Yopo]] (believed by some to be [[Cohoba]]) snuffs <ref>[http://erowid.org/archive/sonoran_desert_toad/ott.htm Pharmanopo-Psychonautics: Human Intranasal, Sublingual, Intrarectal, Pulmonary and Oral Pharmacology of Bufotenine]</ref>, made from [[beans]] of the ''[[Anadenanthera colubrina]]'' and ''[[Anadenanthera peregrina]]'' trees, respectfully.  The use of these seeds have been historically linked to [[shaman]]s in [[South America]]. <ref>Ott, Jonathan: "Shamanic Snuffs or Entheogenic Errhines." Entheobotanica, 2001.</ref>
+Cohoba was used by the tribe with whom [[Christopher Colubmus]] made first contact, the [[Taino]] of [[Cuba]] and [[Hispaniola]].{{specify}} The use of Cohoba snuffs has been documented in the archaeological record for thousands of years, and it has the longest recorded continuous use of any psychoactive plant in the world.{{specify}}
+=Bufotenine=
+Human effects.
+=Bufo alvarius=
+The [[Bufo alvarius]] toad, because of its [[hallucinogen|hallucinogenic]] [[secretion]] (which primarily contains [[serotonin]], [[5-MeO-DMT]], bufotenin, [[bufotenidine]], and [[dehydrobufotenine]]<ref>[http://sulcus.berkeley.edu/mcb/165_001/papers/manuscripts/_912.html The History and Psychoactivity of Bufo Toads]</ref>), has gained media attention <ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6376594 NPR: The Dog Who Loved to Suck on Toads]</ref><ref>[[Psychoactive_toad#Cultural_references|Psychoactive toad: Cultural references]]</ref> and been used as a source for [[Recreational drug use|recreational]] drug use.  Perhaps the most prominent example of [[recreational]] [[Bufo alvarius]] use is the story of [[Albert Most]], founder of the [[Church of the Toad of Light]], who published a [[booklet]] <ref>[http://www.smokymountainnews.com/issues/11_06/11_01_06/out_naturalist.html How ‘bout them toad suckers? Ain’t they clods?]</ref> in [[1994]] explaining how to [[extract]] and [[smoke]] the [[secretion|secretions]], titled ''[http://www.erowid.org/archive/sonoran_desert_toad/almost.htm Bufo avlarius: The Psychedelic Toad of the Sonoran Desert]''.
+Some severe poisonings were recorded after some ''toad lickers'' mistakenly used ''[[Bufo marinus]]'' (Common Cane Toad) and other species for this purpose.{{specify}}  The venom of ''B. marinus'' contains Bufotenin alongside [[cardiotoxic]] [[steroid]]s, the use of which can lead to heart attacks and death.{{specify}}